Milk production and quality of Etawa crossbreed dairy goat that given Tithonia diversifolia, corn waste and concentrate based palm kernel cake
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Abstract. Arief, Rudimansyah, Sowmen S, Rizqan RP. 2020. Milk production and quality of Etawa crossbreed dairy goat that given Tithonia diversifolia, corn waste and concentrate based palm kernel cake. Biodiversitas 21: 4004-4009. The research aims to evaluate the production and quality of goat milk of Etawa crossbreed dairy goat (ECDG) which is fed by Tithonia diversifolia (T), corn waste (CW), and concentrate-based palm kernel cake (CBP),. The experimental design used in this study was a completely random design (CRD) with four times treatment rations and five times replications. There are five treatments used in this research which are; treatment A used 60 % T + 40 % tofu-dregs; B used 60 % T + 20% tofu-dregs + 20% CBP; C used 45 % T + 15% CW + 20% tofu-dregs + 20% CBP; D used 30 % T + 30% CW + 20% tofu-dregs + 20% CBP. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for further tests. The parameters measured were milk production and milk quality, which covers dry matter, water content, protein, fat, solid non-fat, and lactose. The result showed that the treatment gave no significant effect (P> 0.05) of milk production, dry matter, protein, fat, solid non-fat, and lactose. The study concluded that the use of T. diversifolia, corn-waste, and CBP could maintain milk production quality.
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References
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Pazla, R., M. Zain, I, Ryanti and A. Dona (2018b). Supplementation of Minerals (Phosphorus and Sulfur) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a Sheep Diet Based on a Cocoa By-product. Pak. J. Nutr., 17: 329-335. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2018.329.335
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Rizqan. 2018. Produksi dan Kualitas Susu Kambing Peranakan Etawa dengan Memanfaatkan Limbah Industri Kelapa Sawit dan Tanaman paitan Sebagai Pakan Ternak. Tesis Magister, Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia.
Schmidt, G.H, Van Vleeck, L.D and Hutjens, M.F. (1998). Principles of Dairy Science. Zed Practise Hall. Englewood Cliff; New Jersey.
Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). (2011). SNI 01-3141-1992 Tentang Syarat Mutu Susu Segar. Dewan Standarisasi Nasional-DSN; Jakarta.
Steel, R.G.D and J.H. Torrie. (2002). Principles and procedures of statistics: A biometrial approach. 3rd ed. New York, USA: McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc. p. 481.
Subhagiana, I.W. (1998), Keadaan Konsentrasi Progesterone dan Estradiol Selama Kebuntingan, Bobot Lahir dan Jumlah Anak pada Kambing Peranakan Etawa pada Tingkat Produksi Susu yang Berbeda. Tesis Magister, Program Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia.
Sudarmadji, S., B. Haryono dan Suhardi. (2006). Analisa Bahan Makanan dan Pertanian, Liberty; Yogyakarta.
Sukria, H.E dan Krisnan, R. (2009). Sumber dan Ketersediaan Bahan Baku Pakan di Indonesia. Bogor, IPB Press, Indonesia.
Suranindyah YY, Dzaky HAK, Nu'man F and Rochijan (2018). Milk production and composition of etawah crossbred, sapera and saperong dairy goats in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. International Journal of Dairy Science; 13: 1-6. DOI: 10.3923/ijds.2018.1.6
Thai Agricultural Standard (TAS) No. 606-2008. (2008). Raw Goat Milk National. Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards. Thailand; Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives.
Vorbach, C., Capecchi MR and Penninger. J.M (2006). Evolusi kelenjar susu dari sistem kekebalan tubuh bawaan. BioEssays. 28 (6): 606-616. DOI: 10.1002/bies.20423
Wikantadi B. (1997). Biologi Laktasi. Universitas Gadjah Mada; Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Yusuf, R (2010). Kandungan Protein Susu Sapi Perah Friesien Holstein Akibat Pemberian Pakan yang Mengandung Tepung batu yang Berbeda. Jurnal Peternakan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana, Samarinda.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). (2000). Official methods of analysis. Arligton, Virginia, USA: Association of Analytical Chemists. 17.
Ardiana, I.W., Yusuf, W dan Liman (2015). Potensi pakan hasil limbah jagung (Zea mays. L) di desa Braja Harjosari kecamatan Braja Selebah Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan Terpadu.3 (3): 170-174. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jipt.v3i3.p%25p
Arief. (2013). Supplementasi Probiotik pada Ransum Konsentrat Kambing Perah Berbasis Produk Samping Industri Pengolahan Sawit. Disertasi, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia.
Arief, N Jamarun, R Pazla and Satria (2018a). Milk quality of etawa crossbred dairy goat fed by product of palm oil industry. International Journal of Dairy Science.13: 15-21. DOI: 10.3923/ijds.2018.15.21.
Arief., Elihasridas, Simel S, Elli R., Roni P and Rizqan (2018b). Production and Quality of Etawa Raw Milk Using Palm Oil Industry Waste and Paitan Plants as an Early Feed. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition.17: 399-404. DOI:: 10.3923/PJN.2018.399.404.
Arief, Simel S, Rusdimansyah and Roni P (2019a). Ration digestibility based on palm oil industry byproducts, tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and corn waste for etawa crossbred dairy goat. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 18: 733-738. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2019.733.738.
Arief, Novirman J and Benni S (2019b). Response of Etawa Dairy Goat to Provision of Probiotics in Ration Containing By-Product of Palm Oil Industry. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 7(11): 999-1005. DOI: 10.17582/journal.aavs/ 2019/7.11.999.1005.
Asminaya, N. S. (2007). Pengunaan Ransum Komplit Berbasis Sampah Sayuran Pasar Untuk Produksi dan Komposisi Susu Kambing Perah, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia.
Atabany, A. (2001). Studi Kasus Produktivitas Kambing Peranakan Ettawa dan Kambing Saanen pada Peternakan Kambing Perah Barokah dan PT Taurus Dairy Farm. Tesis Magister, Program Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia.
Belitz, H.D., Werner, G and Peter, S. (2009). Milk and Dairy Products. In: Food Chemistry. 4th revised and extended edition. Springer ; Heidelberg (Berlin). pp. 498-545.
Bhattarai R (2014). Importance of goat milk. Journal of Food Science and Technology Nepal 7:107-111. DOI:: org/10.3126/jfstn.v7i0.11209.
Budi, U. (2002). Pengaruh Interval Pemerahan terhadap Produksi Susu dan Aktivitas Sexual Setelah Beranak pada Kambing Peranakan Etawa. Tesis Magister, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia.
Despal, N., Sigit, S. D, Evvyernie, A, Sardiana, I. G, Permana dan Toharmat. (2008). Nutrisi Ternak Perah. Institut Pertanian Bogor; Bogor.
Desyrakhmawati, L., Maya, M, Suwarto dan Wiwik, H (2015). Pertumbuhan Tithonia diversifolia dengan dosis pupuk kandang dan jarak tanam yang berbeda. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia. 43 (1) : 72 – 80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v43i1.9595
Jamarun N dan Mardiati Z. (2013). Dasar Nutrisi Ruminansia. Penerbit Jasa Surya Press; Padang
Jamarun N., M Zein, Arief and R Pazla (2018). Populations of rumen microbes and the in vitro digestibility of fermented oil palm fronds in combination with Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 17: 39-45. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2018.39.45
Jamarun, N., R. Pazla., M. zain and Arief (2019). Comparison of in vitro digestibility and rumen fluid characteristics between the tithonia (tithonia diversifolia) with elephant grass (Pennisetum Purpureum). IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1469 (2020) 012004. DOI: 10. 1088/1755-1315/287/1/012019
Jamarun, N., R. Pazla., M. Zain and Arief (2020). Milk quality of Etawa crossbred dairy goat fed combination of fermented oil palm fronds, Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and Elephant Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum. IOP conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 287 012019. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1469/1/012004
Mayes, P.A.(2003). Biokimia Herper. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC; Jakarta.
Murray and Robert K. (2006). Biokimia Harper. edition 27. EGC ; Jakarta.
Mutamimah, L, Utami dan A. Sudewo (2013). Kajian kadar lemak dan bahan kering tanpa lemak susu kambing Sapera di Cilacap dan Bogor. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Peternakan 1 (3): 874-880.
National Research Council. (1998) Nutrient Requirements of Goats: Angora, Dairy and Meat Goats in Temperate and Tropical Countries Washington, DC: National Academic Press. 99 p.
Pazla, R., N. Jamarun, M. Zain and Arief. (2018a). Microbial protein synthesis and in vitro fermentability of fermented oil palm fronds by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in combination with tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum). Pak. J. Nutr.,17: 462-470. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2018.462.470
Pazla, R., M. Zain, I, Ryanti and A. Dona (2018b). Supplementation of Minerals (Phosphorus and Sulfur) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a Sheep Diet Based on a Cocoa By-product. Pak. J. Nutr., 17: 329-335. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2018.329.335
Preston, R. L. (2007). Feed Composition Tables [online]. Website http://beefmag.com/mag/ beef_feed_composition [accessed 29 January 2020].
Rangkuti, J.H. (2011). Produksi dan Kualitas Susu Kambing Peranakan Ettawa pada Kondisi Tatalaksana yang Berbeda. . Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia.
Rizqan. 2018. Produksi dan Kualitas Susu Kambing Peranakan Etawa dengan Memanfaatkan Limbah Industri Kelapa Sawit dan Tanaman paitan Sebagai Pakan Ternak. Tesis Magister, Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia.
Schmidt, G.H, Van Vleeck, L.D and Hutjens, M.F. (1998). Principles of Dairy Science. Zed Practise Hall. Englewood Cliff; New Jersey.
Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). (2011). SNI 01-3141-1992 Tentang Syarat Mutu Susu Segar. Dewan Standarisasi Nasional-DSN; Jakarta.
Steel, R.G.D and J.H. Torrie. (2002). Principles and procedures of statistics: A biometrial approach. 3rd ed. New York, USA: McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc. p. 481.
Subhagiana, I.W. (1998), Keadaan Konsentrasi Progesterone dan Estradiol Selama Kebuntingan, Bobot Lahir dan Jumlah Anak pada Kambing Peranakan Etawa pada Tingkat Produksi Susu yang Berbeda. Tesis Magister, Program Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia.
Sudarmadji, S., B. Haryono dan Suhardi. (2006). Analisa Bahan Makanan dan Pertanian, Liberty; Yogyakarta.
Sukria, H.E dan Krisnan, R. (2009). Sumber dan Ketersediaan Bahan Baku Pakan di Indonesia. Bogor, IPB Press, Indonesia.
Suranindyah YY, Dzaky HAK, Nu'man F and Rochijan (2018). Milk production and composition of etawah crossbred, sapera and saperong dairy goats in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. International Journal of Dairy Science; 13: 1-6. DOI: 10.3923/ijds.2018.1.6
Thai Agricultural Standard (TAS) No. 606-2008. (2008). Raw Goat Milk National. Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards. Thailand; Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives.
Vorbach, C., Capecchi MR and Penninger. J.M (2006). Evolusi kelenjar susu dari sistem kekebalan tubuh bawaan. BioEssays. 28 (6): 606-616. DOI: 10.1002/bies.20423
Wikantadi B. (1997). Biologi Laktasi. Universitas Gadjah Mada; Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Yusuf, R (2010). Kandungan Protein Susu Sapi Perah Friesien Holstein Akibat Pemberian Pakan yang Mengandung Tepung batu yang Berbeda. Jurnal Peternakan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana, Samarinda.
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