Diet composition and neighboring prey community of the Phuping newt (Tylototriton uyenoi) in Maesa–Kogma Biosphere Reserve, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand
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Abstract. Dowwiangkan T, Chuaynkern Y, Dumrongrojwattana P, Duengkae P. 2020. Diet composition and neighboring prey community of the Phuping newt (Tylototriton uyenoi) in Maesa–Kogma Biosphere Reserve, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 4515-4523. The present work reports the comparison of fecal pellet prey composition of Tylototriton uyenoi from Maesa-Kogma Biosphere Reserve (Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand) based on an analysis of its fecal pellets. Males of T. uyenoi consumed more diverse prey than those of females (53 groups of prey versus 14 groups). The analysis reveals a diverse diet of Arthropoda (Insecta, Arachnida, Diplopoda, Chilopoda, and Malacostraca), Mollusca (Gastropoda), Chordata, and conspecific eggs. Partial remnants of plant materials were also found in the pellets. The percentage frequency of prey occurrence was higher in Formicidae (21.34), Lymnaeidae (17.39), unknown snails (10.67), and Blattidae (9.881). The percentage of the relative number of preys was higher in Lymnaeidae (41.02) and Formicidae (17.17). The volumetric prey percentage was higher in Lymnaeidae (30.78), Paradoxosomatidae (19.14), and unknown snails (12.71). The index of relative importance was higher in Lymnaeidae (1,248.62), Formicidae (376.972), unknown snails (188.275), and Paradoxosomatidae (166.433). The percentage of IRI was higher in Lymnaeidae (57.128) and Formicidae (17.248). The Spearman rank coefficient (95% confidence interval test) showed a significant positive correlation (p<0.05) between prey volume and number and SVL.
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References
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Devi NT. 2005. The food of the Himalayan newt Tylototriton verrucosus (Anderson): A preliminary study. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 102: 166-168.
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Dusgupta R. 1996. Feeding ecology of the adult Himalayan salamander Tylototriton verrucosus Anderson, 1871 (Caudata: Salamandridae). Herpetozoa 9: 19-29.
Griffiths RA. 1986. Feeding niche overlap and food selection in smooth and palmate newts, Triturus vulgaris and T. helveticus, at a pond in Mid-Wales. J Anim Ecol 55: 201-214.
Hernandez A. 2016. Crocodile newts: The genera Tylototriton and Echinotriton. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main.
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Lunghi, E., Bruni, G., Manenti, R. & Ficetola, G. F. (2014) Use of visible implant elastomer on two amphibians orders (Anura and Caudata): data on efficiency and reliability. In: Atti X Congresso Nazionale Societas Herpetologica Italica, 15-18 October 2014, Genova: 163–167.
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Naiyanetr P. 1997. Dromothelphusa sangwan n. sp., a new freshwater crab from Thailand (Decapoda, Brachyura, Potamidae). Crustaceana 70: 385-393.
Nishikawa K, Khonsue W, Pomchote P, Matsui M. 2013. Two new species of Tylototriton from Thailand (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae). Zootaxa 3737: 261-279.
Oliveira F, Erzini K, Gonçalves J.M.S. 2007. Feeding habits of the deep-snouted pipefish Syngnathus typhle in a temperate coastal lagoon. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 72: 337-347.
Pattanavibool A, Dearden P. 2002. Fragmentation and wildlife in montane evergreen forests, northern Thailand. Biol Conserv 107: 155-164.
Phimmachak S, Stuart BL, Aowphol A. 2015. Ecology and natural history of the knobby newt Tylototriton podichthys (Caudata: Salamandridae) in Laos. Raffles Bull Zool 63: 389-400.
Pinkas L, Oliphant MS, Iverson ILK. 1971. Food habits of albacore, bluefin Tuna, and Bonito in California waters. Fish Bull 152: 1-105.
Pomchote P, Pariyanonth P, Khonsue W. 2008. Two distinctive color patterns of the himalayan newt Tylototriton verrucosus (Urodela: Salamandridae) found in Thailand and its implication on geographic segregation. Nat Hist J Chulalongkorn Univ 8: 35-43.
Ponpituk Y. 2014. Diet of Amphibians in Hill Evergreen Forest at Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Chiang Mai Province. [Thesis]. Kasetsart University, Bangkok. [Thai]
Qian L, Sun X, Li J, Guo W, Pan T, Kang X, Wang H, Jiang J, Wu J, Zhang B. 2017. A new species of the genus Tylototriton (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from the southern Dabie mountains in Anhui Province. Asian Herpetol Res 8: 151-164.
Rowley JJL, Shepherd CR, Stuart BL, Nguyen TQ, Hoang HD, Cutajar TP, Wogan GOU, Phimmachak S. 2016. Estimating the global trade in Southeast Asian newt. Biol Conserv 199: 96-100.
Seglie D, Roy D, Giacoma C, Mushahiddunnabi M. 2003. Distribution and conservation of the himalayan newt (Tylototriton verrucosus, Urodela: Salamandridae) in the Darjeeling District, West Bengal (India). Russ J Herpetol 10: 159-164.
Shen Y, Jiang J, Mo X. 2012. A new species of the genus Tylototriton (Amphibia, Salamandridae) from Hunan, China. Asian Herpetol Res 3: 21-30.
Solé M, Beckmann O, Pelz B, Kwet A, Engels W. 2005. Stomach-?ushing for diet analysis in anurans: an improved protocol evaluated in a case study in Araucaria forests, southern Brazil. Stud Neotrop Fauna E 40: 23-28.
Stuart BL, Phimmachak S, Sivongxay N, Robichaud WG. 2010. A new species in the Tylototriton asperrimus group (Caudata: Salamandridae) from central Laos. Zootaxa 2650: 19-32.
Thongproh P, Duengkae P, Ratree P, Phetcharat E, Kingwongsa W, Jaitrong W, Chuaynkern Y, Chuaynkern C. 2019. Species diversity and prey items of amphibians in Yoddom Wildlife Sanctuary, northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 1718-1732.
Triplehorn C.A., Johnson N. 2005. The study of Insects. CA, United States, 888 pp.
Wood JT, Goodwin OK. 1954. Observations on the abundance, food, and feeding behaviour of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens (Rafinesque), in Virginia. J Elisha Mitchell Sci Soc 70: 27-30.
Woodcock BA. 2005. Pitfall trapping in ecological studies. In: Leather SR (ed) Insect Sampling in Forest Ecosystems. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
Wu Z-J, Li Y-M, Wang Y-P. 2007. A comparison of stomach flush and stomach dissection in diet analysis of four frog species. Acta Zoologica Sinica 53: 364-372.
Chuaynkern Y, Duengkae P. 2014. Decline of amphibians in Thailand. In: Heatwole H, Das I (eds) Conservation Biology of Amphibians of Asia: Status of Conservation and Decline of Amphibians in Eastern Hemisphere. Natural History Publications, Borneo.
Chuaynkern Y, Wongwai A, Duengkae P, Hasin S. 2009. Kalophrynus interlineatus (Striped Sticky frog): Diet. Herpetol Rev 40(2): 205.
Chuensri C. 1974. Freshwater crabs of Thailand. Journal of Fisheries and Environment 7: 12-40.
Devi NT. 2005. The food of the Himalayan newt Tylototriton verrucosus (Anderson): A preliminary study. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 102: 166-168.
Dowwiangkan T, Ponpituk Y, Chuaynkern Y, Duengkae P. 2016. Diet of Himalayan newt (Tylototriton uyenoi) in Chiang Mai Province. Proceedings of Thai Forestry Conference. Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 1-4 May 2016. [Thai]
Dowwiangkan T, Ponpituk Y, Chuaynkern C, Chuaynkern Y, Duengkae P. 2018. Population and habitat selection of the Tylototriton uyenoi in the Maesa-Kogma Biosphere Reserve, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Alytes 36: 300-313.
Duellman WE, Trueb L. 1994. Biology of Amphibians. Second Edition. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London.
Dusgupta R. 1996. Feeding ecology of the adult Himalayan salamander Tylototriton verrucosus Anderson, 1871 (Caudata: Salamandridae). Herpetozoa 9: 19-29.
Griffiths RA. 1986. Feeding niche overlap and food selection in smooth and palmate newts, Triturus vulgaris and T. helveticus, at a pond in Mid-Wales. J Anim Ecol 55: 201-214.
Hernandez A. 2016. Crocodile newts: The genera Tylototriton and Echinotriton. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main.
Hernandez A. 2017. New localities for Tylototriton panhai and Tylototriton uyenoi Nishikawa, Khonsue, Pomchot & Matsui 2013 in Northern Thailand. Bulletin de la Société Herpétologique de France 162: 110-112.
Hernandez A, Escoriza D, Pomchote P, Hou M. 2019. New localities for Tylototriton uyenoi, T. panhai and T. anguliceps in Thailand with remarks on the southernmost distribution of the genus. Herpetol Bull 147: 15-18.
Inmadon R, Tanamai S, Dumrongrojwattana P. 2011. Species and habitats of mollusk in Sakeao Province. In: Proceedings of 49th Kasetsart University Annual Conference: Sciene, 1-4 Febuary 2011, Bangkok: 562-572.
Joly P. 1987. Le régime alimentaire des amphibiens: Méthodes d’etudes. Alytes 6: 11-17.
Kaplan RH, Sherman PW. 1980. Intraspecific oophagy in California newts. J Herpetol 14: 183-185.
Kuzmin SL, Dasgupta R, Smirina ÉM. 1994. Ecology of the Himalayan newt (Tylototriton verrucosus) in Darjeeling Himalayas, India. Russian J Herpetol 1: 69-76.
Le DTT, Rowley JJL, Tran DTA, Vo TN, Hoang HD. 2018. Diet composition and overlap in a montane frog community in Vietnam. Herpetol Conserv Bio 13: 205-215.
Lucy H, Lal P, Yenisetti SC. 2014. Food and feeding patterns of the Himalayan newt, Tylototriton verrucossus Anderson in Senapati District, Manipur. Modern J Life Sci, 13: 1-7.
Lunghi, E., Bruni, G., Manenti, R. & Ficetola, G. F. (2014) Use of visible implant elastomer on two amphibians orders (Anura and Caudata): data on efficiency and reliability. In: Atti X Congresso Nazionale Societas Herpetologica Italica, 15-18 October 2014, Genova: 163–167.
Marod D, Kutintara U. 2009. Forest Ecology. Kasetsart University, Bangkok. [Thai]
Marshall CJ, Doyale LS, Kaplan RH. 1990. Intraspecific and sex specific oophagy in a salamander and frog: Reproductive convergence of Taricha torosa and Bombina orientalis. Herpetologica 64: 395-399.
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. 2017. Notification of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. No. 134 B.E. 2560 (April 12, 2017).
Monzon RB, Kitikoon V, Thammapalerd N, Temcharoen P, Sornmani S, Viyanant V. 1993. Comparative shell morphology of Lymnaea (Bullastra) cumingiana (Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae) and related taxa in the Indo-Pacific Region. SE Asian J Trop Med Public Health 24: 554-562.
Naiyanetr P. 1997. Dromothelphusa sangwan n. sp., a new freshwater crab from Thailand (Decapoda, Brachyura, Potamidae). Crustaceana 70: 385-393.
Nishikawa K, Khonsue W, Pomchote P, Matsui M. 2013. Two new species of Tylototriton from Thailand (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae). Zootaxa 3737: 261-279.
Oliveira F, Erzini K, Gonçalves J.M.S. 2007. Feeding habits of the deep-snouted pipefish Syngnathus typhle in a temperate coastal lagoon. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 72: 337-347.
Pattanavibool A, Dearden P. 2002. Fragmentation and wildlife in montane evergreen forests, northern Thailand. Biol Conserv 107: 155-164.
Phimmachak S, Stuart BL, Aowphol A. 2015. Ecology and natural history of the knobby newt Tylototriton podichthys (Caudata: Salamandridae) in Laos. Raffles Bull Zool 63: 389-400.
Pinkas L, Oliphant MS, Iverson ILK. 1971. Food habits of albacore, bluefin Tuna, and Bonito in California waters. Fish Bull 152: 1-105.
Pomchote P, Pariyanonth P, Khonsue W. 2008. Two distinctive color patterns of the himalayan newt Tylototriton verrucosus (Urodela: Salamandridae) found in Thailand and its implication on geographic segregation. Nat Hist J Chulalongkorn Univ 8: 35-43.
Ponpituk Y. 2014. Diet of Amphibians in Hill Evergreen Forest at Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Chiang Mai Province. [Thesis]. Kasetsart University, Bangkok. [Thai]
Qian L, Sun X, Li J, Guo W, Pan T, Kang X, Wang H, Jiang J, Wu J, Zhang B. 2017. A new species of the genus Tylototriton (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from the southern Dabie mountains in Anhui Province. Asian Herpetol Res 8: 151-164.
Rowley JJL, Shepherd CR, Stuart BL, Nguyen TQ, Hoang HD, Cutajar TP, Wogan GOU, Phimmachak S. 2016. Estimating the global trade in Southeast Asian newt. Biol Conserv 199: 96-100.
Seglie D, Roy D, Giacoma C, Mushahiddunnabi M. 2003. Distribution and conservation of the himalayan newt (Tylototriton verrucosus, Urodela: Salamandridae) in the Darjeeling District, West Bengal (India). Russ J Herpetol 10: 159-164.
Shen Y, Jiang J, Mo X. 2012. A new species of the genus Tylototriton (Amphibia, Salamandridae) from Hunan, China. Asian Herpetol Res 3: 21-30.
Solé M, Beckmann O, Pelz B, Kwet A, Engels W. 2005. Stomach-?ushing for diet analysis in anurans: an improved protocol evaluated in a case study in Araucaria forests, southern Brazil. Stud Neotrop Fauna E 40: 23-28.
Stuart BL, Phimmachak S, Sivongxay N, Robichaud WG. 2010. A new species in the Tylototriton asperrimus group (Caudata: Salamandridae) from central Laos. Zootaxa 2650: 19-32.
Thongproh P, Duengkae P, Ratree P, Phetcharat E, Kingwongsa W, Jaitrong W, Chuaynkern Y, Chuaynkern C. 2019. Species diversity and prey items of amphibians in Yoddom Wildlife Sanctuary, northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 1718-1732.
Triplehorn C.A., Johnson N. 2005. The study of Insects. CA, United States, 888 pp.
Wood JT, Goodwin OK. 1954. Observations on the abundance, food, and feeding behaviour of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens (Rafinesque), in Virginia. J Elisha Mitchell Sci Soc 70: 27-30.
Woodcock BA. 2005. Pitfall trapping in ecological studies. In: Leather SR (ed) Insect Sampling in Forest Ecosystems. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
Wu Z-J, Li Y-M, Wang Y-P. 2007. A comparison of stomach flush and stomach dissection in diet analysis of four frog species. Acta Zoologica Sinica 53: 364-372.
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