Ethnomedicinal plants and practices related to pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum healthcare of Minangkabau ethnic group, West Sumatra, Indonesia
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Abstract. Silalahi M, Khairiah A, Nisyawati. 2020. Ethnomedicinal plants and practices related to pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum healthcare of Minangkabau ethnic group, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4597-4605. In the Minangkabau ethnic cultures, medicinal plants have been used to treat health problems associated with pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period (PCP). The objectives of this study were to (i) document the medicinal plants used during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum recovery by Minangkabau ethnics and the associated ethnomedicinal practices, and (ii) identify plants that have the potential to be developed as ingredients to increase the production of breast milk. Data were collected in three villages, namely Guguak Sarai, Taruang Taruang, and Sungai Durian in West Sumatra, Indonesia, by interviewing a total of 141 informants, involving 9 key informants and 132 general respondents. A total of 42 species of medicinal plants were found to be used for PCP healthcare by Minangkabau people. These medicinal plants are used to facilitate childbirth, alleviate menstruation problems, assist recovery after miscarriage, mitigate postpartum hemorrhage, aid in postpartum recovery, and for infant care. A total of 26 species were represented by 9 families i.e. Poaceae (7 species), Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Zingiberaceae (3 species respectively), Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Meliaceae, Musaceae, and Asteraceae (2 species each). Majority of the used medicinal preparations are administered by drinking (35 species), bathing (4 species), and as a paste (3 species). Use of Musa balbisiana, Carallia brachiata, Lansium domesticum, and Toona sureni for treating problems related to pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period need to be further investigated for their phytochemistry and pharmacological properties. Plectranthus ambonicus and Sauropus androgynus are used to increase breast milk production, and further research is needed for standardizing processing and commercialization of these species.
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References
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Asiimwe S, Borg-Karlsson AK, Azeem M, Mugisha KM, Namutebi A, Gakunga NJ. 2014. Chemical composition and toxicological evaluation of the aqueous leaf extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus Lour. Spreng. Int J Pharm Sci Invention 3(2): 19-27.
Astuti P, Sudarsono S, Nisak K, Nugroho GW. 2014. Endophytic fungi isolated from Coleus amboinicus Lour exhibited antimicrobial activity. Adv Pharm Bull 4 (Suppl 2): 599-605.
Bhatt P, Joseph GS, Negi PS, Varadara MC. 2013. Chemical composition and nutraceutical potential of indian borage (Plectranthus amboinicus) stem extract. J Chem Article ID 320329, 7 pages.
Bhatt P, Negi PS. 2012. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities in the leaf extracts of indian borage (Plectranthus amboinicus). Food Nutr Sci 3: 146-152.
Bunawan H, Bunawan SN, Noor NM. 2015. Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. induced bronchiolitis obliterans: from botanical studies to toxicology. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med. Article ID 714158: 1-7.
de Boer HG, Lamxay V, Björk L. 2011. Steam sauna and mother roasting in Lao PDR: practices and chemical constituents of essential oils of plant species used in postpartum recovery. BMC Complement Altern Med 11(128): 1-10.
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Silalahi M, Nisyawati, Walujo EB, Supriatna J. 2015. Local knowledge of medicinal plants in sub-ethnic Batak Simalungun of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 16(1): 44-54.
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Sujarwo W, Caneva G. 2016. Using quantitative indices to evaluate the cultural importance of food and nutraceutical plants: Comparative data from the Island of Bali (Indonesia). J Cultural Heritage 18: 342-348.
Sujarwo W. Caneva G. 2015. Ethnobotanical study of cultivated plants in home gardens of traditional villages in Bali (Indonesia). Hum Ecol. DOI 10.1007/s10745-015-9775-8: 1-10.
Suryadarma IGP. 2010Diversity of plants of fitness material in the Rukmini Tatwa manuscripts of Bali Community. Biota 15(2): 294-305.
Takahashi Y, TamakoshiK, Nagoya. 2014. Factors associated with early postpartum maternity blues and depression tendency among Japanese mothers with full-term healthy infants. J Med Sci 76: 129-138.
Teoh CS, Aizul MHI, Suriyani WMWF, Ang SH, Huda MZN, Nor Azlin MI, Rohana J. 2013. Herbal ingestion during pregnancy and post-partumperiod is a cause for concern. Med J Malays 68(2): 157-160.
Tsu VD, Langer A, Aldrich T. 2004. Postpartum hemorrhage in developing countries: is the public health community using the right tools? International J Gynecol Obstetrics 85(Suppl.1): S42-S51.
Vanaja M, Annadurai G. 2013. Coleus aromaticus leaf extract mediated synthesis of silvernanoparticles and its bactericidal activity. Appl Nanosci 3: 217-223.
Venskutonis, P.R. & Dagilyte, A. (2005). Composition of Essential Oil of Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus L.) Leaves at Different Growing Phases. J Essential Oil Res 15(5): 313-318
Wadikar DD, Patki FE. 2016. Coleus aromaticus: a therapeutic herb with multiple potentials. J Food Sci Technol 53(7): 2895-2901.
Wakhidah AZ, Silalahi M, Pradana DH. 2017. Inventory and conservation plant of oke sou traditional ceremony; A welcoming tradition of maturity girl on the community of Lako Akediri Village, West Halmahera, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18(1): 65-72.
www. The Plantlist, 2017. The Plantlist Database. www.theplantlist.org.
Yu SF, Chen TM, Chen YH. 2007. Apoptosis and necrosis are involved in the toxicity of Sauropus androgynusin an in vitro study. Formos Med Assoc 106(7): 537-547.
Asiimwe S, Borg-Karlsson AK, Azeem M, Mugisha KM, Namutebi A, Gakunga NJ. 2014. Chemical composition and toxicological evaluation of the aqueous leaf extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus Lour. Spreng. Int J Pharm Sci Invention 3(2): 19-27.
Astuti P, Sudarsono S, Nisak K, Nugroho GW. 2014. Endophytic fungi isolated from Coleus amboinicus Lour exhibited antimicrobial activity. Adv Pharm Bull 4 (Suppl 2): 599-605.
Bhatt P, Joseph GS, Negi PS, Varadara MC. 2013. Chemical composition and nutraceutical potential of indian borage (Plectranthus amboinicus) stem extract. J Chem Article ID 320329, 7 pages.
Bhatt P, Negi PS. 2012. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities in the leaf extracts of indian borage (Plectranthus amboinicus). Food Nutr Sci 3: 146-152.
Bunawan H, Bunawan SN, Noor NM. 2015. Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. induced bronchiolitis obliterans: from botanical studies to toxicology. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med. Article ID 714158: 1-7.
de Boer HG, Lamxay V, Björk L. 2011. Steam sauna and mother roasting in Lao PDR: practices and chemical constituents of essential oils of plant species used in postpartum recovery. BMC Complement Altern Med 11(128): 1-10.
De Padua LS, Bunyapraphatsara, Lemmens RHMJ. 1999. Plant resources of South-East Asia No 12(1). Backhyus Publishers, Leiden.
El-hawary SS, El-sofany RH, Abdel-Monem AR, Ashour RS, Sleem AA. 2013. Seasonal variation in the composition of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng essential oil and its biological activities. Am J Essential Oils Nat Products1(2): 11-18.
Emmanuel MM, Didier DS. 2012. Traditional knowledge on medicinal plants use by ethnic communities in Douala, Cameroon. Eur J Med Plants 2(2): 159-176.
Goncalvesa TB, Braga MA, de Oliveiraa FFM, Santiago GGMP, Carvalho CBM, Cabrala PB, Santiago TDM, Sousa JS, Barros EB, do Nascimentog RF, Nagao-Dias AT. 2012. Effect of sub inihibitory and inhibitory concentrations of Plectranthus amboinicu s(Lour.) Spreng essential oil on Klebsiella pneumoniae. Phytomedicine 19: 962- 968.
Hasibuan APAZ. 2014. Hacytotoxic effect of n-hexane, ethylacetate and ethanol extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus, (Lour.) Spreng.) on HeLa and vero cells lines. Int J Pharm Tech Res 6(6): 1806-1809.
Hasimun P, Aligita W, Nopitasari I. 2018. Anti-anemic and analgesic activity of Sauropus androgynous L. Merr on female mice model. Int J Pharm Phytopharmacol Res 8(1): 98-102.
Hoang VS, Bas P, Kebler PAJ. 2008. Traditional medicine plant in Ben En National Park, Vietnam. Blumea 53: 569-601.
Jain A, Katewa SS, Chaudhary BL, Galav P. 2004. Folk herbal medicines used in birth control and sexual diseases by tribals of southern Rajasthan, India. J Ethnopharmacol 90: 171-177.
Khairiah A. 2017. Etnomedisin dan Nilai Ekonomi Tumbuhan Obat Pada Etnis Minangkabau di Kecamatan IX Koto Sungai Lasi, Solok, Sumatra Barat. Tesis. Departement Biologi, FMIPA, Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Indonesia
Lai RS, Chiang AA, Wu MT, Wang JS, Lai NS, Lu JY, Ger LP. 1996. Outbreak of bronchiolitis obliterans associated with consumption of Sauropus androgynus in Taiwan. Lancet 348: 83-85.
Manjamalai A, Alexander T, Grace VMB. 2012. Bioactive evaluation of the essential oil of plectranthus amboinicus by GC-MS analysis and its role as a drug for microbial infections and inflammation. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 4(3): 205-211.
Martin GJ. 1995. Ethnobotany A People and Plants Conservation Manual. Chapman and Hall. London, UK.
Nain N, Goyal S, Ramawat KG. 2011. Ramawat evaluation of antioxidant properties and total phenolic content ofmedicinal plants used in diet therapy during postpartum healthcare in Rajasthan. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 3(1): 248-253.
Ogbe FMD, EruogunOL, Uwagboe M. 2009. Plants used for female reproductive health care in Oredo local government area, Nigeria. Sci Res Essay 4 (3): 120-130.
Panyaphu K, Sirisa-Ard P, Ubol PN, Nathakarnkitku S, Chansakaow S, On TV. 2012. Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of medicinalplants used in Northern Thailand as postpartum herbal bath recipes by the Mien (Yao) community Phytopharmacology 2(1): 92-105.
Silalahi M, Nisyawati, Walujo EB, Supriatna J. 2015. Local knowledge of medicinal plants in sub-ethnic Batak Simalungun of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 16(1): 44-54.
Silalahi M. Nisyawati. 2019. An ethnobotanical study of traditional steam-bathing by the Batak people of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Pacific Conserv Biol 25(3): 266-282.
Sujarwo W, Caneva G. 2016. Using quantitative indices to evaluate the cultural importance of food and nutraceutical plants: Comparative data from the Island of Bali (Indonesia). J Cultural Heritage 18: 342-348.
Sujarwo W. Caneva G. 2015. Ethnobotanical study of cultivated plants in home gardens of traditional villages in Bali (Indonesia). Hum Ecol. DOI 10.1007/s10745-015-9775-8: 1-10.
Suryadarma IGP. 2010Diversity of plants of fitness material in the Rukmini Tatwa manuscripts of Bali Community. Biota 15(2): 294-305.
Takahashi Y, TamakoshiK, Nagoya. 2014. Factors associated with early postpartum maternity blues and depression tendency among Japanese mothers with full-term healthy infants. J Med Sci 76: 129-138.
Teoh CS, Aizul MHI, Suriyani WMWF, Ang SH, Huda MZN, Nor Azlin MI, Rohana J. 2013. Herbal ingestion during pregnancy and post-partumperiod is a cause for concern. Med J Malays 68(2): 157-160.
Tsu VD, Langer A, Aldrich T. 2004. Postpartum hemorrhage in developing countries: is the public health community using the right tools? International J Gynecol Obstetrics 85(Suppl.1): S42-S51.
Vanaja M, Annadurai G. 2013. Coleus aromaticus leaf extract mediated synthesis of silvernanoparticles and its bactericidal activity. Appl Nanosci 3: 217-223.
Venskutonis, P.R. & Dagilyte, A. (2005). Composition of Essential Oil of Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus L.) Leaves at Different Growing Phases. J Essential Oil Res 15(5): 313-318
Wadikar DD, Patki FE. 2016. Coleus aromaticus: a therapeutic herb with multiple potentials. J Food Sci Technol 53(7): 2895-2901.
Wakhidah AZ, Silalahi M, Pradana DH. 2017. Inventory and conservation plant of oke sou traditional ceremony; A welcoming tradition of maturity girl on the community of Lako Akediri Village, West Halmahera, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18(1): 65-72.
www. The Plantlist, 2017. The Plantlist Database. www.theplantlist.org.
Yu SF, Chen TM, Chen YH. 2007. Apoptosis and necrosis are involved in the toxicity of Sauropus androgynusin an in vitro study. Formos Med Assoc 106(7): 537-547.
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