Short Communication: The emergence and rise of indigenous thermophilic bacteria exploration from hot springs in Indonesia
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Abstract. Lischer K, Putra ABRD, Guslianto BW, Avilla F, Sitorus SG, Nugraha Y, Sarmoko. 2020. Short Communication: The emergence and rise of indigenous thermophilic bacteria exploration from hot springs in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5474-5481. Indonesia is an archipelagic country located in the pacific ring of fire, and is estimated to cause numerous hot springs spread across the country. In addition, small living microbes have been explored in these locations since 1985. These microbes possess the ability to survive in areas with high temperature (more than 40oC-90oC), and are therefore termed thermophiles. Hence, massive explorations have been conducted on Java island and other unexplored areas at Sumatra to Papua in New Guinea islands. Moreover, a total of 71 hot springs characterized by the presence of thermophilic bacteria have been explored in Indonesia. These investigations ensue with various approaches, including through conventional and microbiological, 16S rRNA, as well as whole-genome sequencing methods. In addition to species exploration, the application of thermophiles has become a topic of interest from 1999, especially based on thermostable enzymes with the capacity to maintain activity at high-temperature conditions. These include amylase, protease, lipase, xylanase, esterase, and cellulase as the most common isolated form, which indicates the existence of significant extractable potentials. Hence, there is a need for further research in terms of both exploration and application purposes.
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References
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Arfah RA, Lestari YA, Dali S, et al. 2020. The Isolation of termofil amilolitik bacterium and activity test of harsh extract amylase enzyme from the hot spring at Jailolo bay in North Maluku. Proceeding of International Conference on Science and Technology 2019. Surabaya, Indonesia, 17-18 October 2019.
Arzita, Syamsuardi, Agustien A, et al. 2017. The diversity of the alkaline protease producers, thermophilic obligate Bacillus spp. from sungai tutung hot Spring, Kerinci, Jambi, Indonesia. J Pure Appl Microbiol. 11: 1789–1797.
Bronnenmeier K, Rucknagel KP, Staudenbauer WL. 1991. Purification and properties of a novel type of exo-1,4-beta-glucanase (avicelase II) from the cellulolytic thermophile Clostridium stercorarium. Eur J Biochem 200: 379–385.
Chaudhary DK, Khulan A, Kim J. 2019. Development of a novel cultivation technique for uncultured soil bacteria. Sci Rep 9: 1–11.
Chien A, Edgar DB, Trela JM. 1976. Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase from the extreme thermophile Thermus aquaticus. J Bacteriol 127: 1550–1557.
Cho A-R, Yoo S-K, Kim E-J. 2000. Cloning, sequencing and expression in Escherichia coli of a thermophilic lipase from Bacillus thermoleovorans ID-1. FEMS Microbiol Lett 186: 235–238.
Chrisnasari R, Yasaputera S, Christianto P, et al. 2016. Production and characterization of chitinases from thermophilic bacteria isolated from Prataan hot spring, East Java. J Math Fundam Sci 48: 149–163.
Cox A, Shock EL, Havig JR. 2011. The transition to microbial photosynthesis in hot spring ecosystems. Chem Geol 280: 344–351.
Craig Everroad R, Otaki H, Matsuura K, et al. 2012. Diversification of bacterial community composition along a temperature gradient at a thermal spring. Microbes Environ 27: 374–381.
Dang TCH, Nguyen DT, Thai H, et al. 2018. Plastic degradation by thermophilic Bacillus sp. BCBT21 isolated from composting agricultural residual in Vietnam. Adv Nat Sci Nanosci Nanotechnol 9: 14-15.
Darma S, Harsoprayitno S, Setiawan B, et al. 2010. Geothermal energy update: geothermal energy development and utilization in Indonesia. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010, Springerlink, Bali, 25-29 April 2010. [Indonesia]
Febriani F, Madayanti RH, Akhmaloka. 2011. Production of thermostable alkaline lipase from Kawah Hujan Kamojang hot spring isolate. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Mathematics and Natural Sciences. Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 23-25 November 2010.
Ferrer M, Golyshina O, Beloqui A, et al. 2007. Mining enzymes from extreme environments. Curr Opin Microbiol 10 (3): 207–214.
Fitriani D, Saksono B. 2010. Cloning of araA gene encoding l-arabinose isomerase from marine Geobacillus stearothermophilus isolated from Tanjung Api, Poso, Indonesia. HAYATI J Biosci 17 (2): 58–62.
Fleischmann RD, Adams MD, White O, et al. 1995. Whole-genome random sequencing and assembly of Haemophilus influenzae. Science 269 (5223): 496–512.
Fraser CM, Gocayne JD, White O, et al. 1995. The minimal gene complement of Mycoplasma genitalium. Science 270 (5235): 397–404.
Garg N, Tang W, Goto Y, et al. 2012. Lantibiotics from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans. Proc Natl Acad Sci 109 (14): 5241–5246.
Gazali FM, Praharyawan S, Susilaningsih D. 2020. Dark fermentative hydrogen production from cheese whey using hydrogen-producing bacteria isolated from Mount Pancar hot spring, West Java. Proceeding of The International symposium of Innovative Bio-Production Indonesia on Biotechnology and Bioengineering 2019. Tangerang, Indonesia, 23-24 October 2019.
Geraldi A, Matuzahroh N, Wanguyun AP, et al. 2019. Bio prospecting of cellulolytic and bio surfactant producing bacteria for organic waste treatment. Pollut Res 38: 114–117.
Ginting EL, Kemer K, Wullur S, et al. 2020. Identification of proteolytic thermophiles from Moinit Coastal hot-spring, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Geomicrobiol J 37 (1): 50–58.
Hadad D, Geresh S, Sivan A. 2005. Biodegradation of polyethylene by the thermophilic bacterium Brevibacillus borstelensis. J Appl Microbiol 98 (5): 1093–1100.
Hafsan, Ibnu Irwan I, Agustina L, et al. 2017. Isolation and Characterization of Phytase-Producing thermophilic Bacteria from Sulili Hot Springs in South Sulawesi. Sci Res J 5 (9): 16–19.
Harnentis, Marlida Y, Rizal Y, et al. 2013. Isolation, characterization, and production of mannanase from thermophilic bacteria to increase the feed quality. Pakistan J Nutr 12 (4): 360–364.
Harrington LB, Paez-Espino D, Staahl BT, et al. 2017. A thermostable Cas9 with increased lifetime in human plasma. Nat Commun. 8 (1): 1–8.
Helianti IS. 2007. Direct cloning of a xylanase gene from Pawan-Riau hot spring. HAYATI J Biosci 14 (2): 54–58.
Huber G, Huber R, Jones BE, et al. 1991. Hyperthermophilic archaea and bacteria occurring within Indonesian hydrothermal areas. Syst Appl Microbiol 14 (4): 397–404.
Huber R, Rossnagel P, Woese CR, et al. 1996. Formation of ammonium from nitrate during chemolithoautotrophic growth of the extremely thermophilic bacterium Ammonifex degensii gen. nov. sp. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 19 (1): 40–49.
Hugenholtz P, Pitulle C, Hershberger KL, et al. 1998. Novel division level bacterial diversity in a Yellowstone hot spring. J Bacteriol. 180 (2): 366–376.
Ifandi S, Alwi M. 2018. Isolation of thermophilic bacteria from Bora hot springs in Central Sulawesi. Biosaintifika J Biol Biol Educ 10: 291–297.
Indriati G, Megahati R. 2017. Optimization medium of amylase production by Bacillus licheniformis strain MGI sriginated from Pariangan sot spring, West Sumatera, Indonesia. Int J Adv Res 5 (11): 660–664.
Kim BC, Grote R, Lee DW, et al. 2001. Thermoanaerobacter yonseiensis sp. nov., a novel extremely thermophilic, xylose-utilizing bacterium that grows at up to 85°C. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51 (4): 1539–1548.
Kusdiyantini E, Darmawan AE, Wulandari D, et al. 2017. Molecular and biochemical characterization of pink-pigmented thermophile bacteria (GDG IX) from Gedongsongo hot-spring in Bandungan–Semarang. Adv Sci Lett 23 (7): 6421–6423.
Kusumadjaja AP, Budiati T, Puspaningsih NNT, Sajidan S. 2010. Screening of thermophylic microorganism from Ijen crater Banyuwangi as phytase enzym producer. Indones J Chem 9 (3): 470–473.
Land M, Hauser L, Jun S-R, et al. 2015. Insights from 20 years of bacterial genome sequencing. Funct Integr Genomics. 15 (2): 141–161.
Lee DW, Koh YS, Kim KJ, et al. 1999. Isolation and characterization of a thermophilic lipase from Bacillus thermoleovorans ID-1. FEMS Microbiol Lett 179 (2): 393–400.
Lee SJ, Lee YJ, Park GS, et al. 2013. Draft genome sequence of an anaerobic and extremophilic bacterium, Caldanaerobacter yonseiensis, ssolated from a geothermal hot stream. Genome Announc 1 (6): 13.
Lee SJ, Lee YJ, Ryu N, et al. 2012. Draft Genome Sequence of the Thermophilic Bacterium Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis G10. J Bacteriol 194 (23): 6684–6685.
Lee YJ, Jeong H, Park GS, et al. 2015. Genome sequence of a native-feather degrading extremely thermophilic eubacterium, Fervidobacterium islandicum AW-1. Stand Genomic Sci 10 (1): 71.
Lestari P, Richana N, Damardjati DS, et al. 1999. Karakterisasi alpha-amilase dari isolat bakteri termofilik TH12. The Seminar Pertemuan Ilmiah Tahunan Perhimpunan Mikrobiologi Indonesia, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, 14-15 December 1998. [Indonesia]
Li J, Sha Y, Seswita ZD, Hu Q, et al. 2014. Purification and characterization of thermostable agarase from Bacillus sp. BI-3, a thermophilic bacterium isolated from hot spring. J Microbiol Biotechnol 24 (1): 19–25.
Manalu P. 1988. Geothermal development in Indonesia. geothermics. 17 (3): 415–420.
Mantiri FR, Rumende RRH, Sudewi S. 2019. Identification of ?-amylase gene by PCR and activity of thermostable ?-amylase from thermophilic Anoxybacillus thermarum isolated from Remboken hot spring in Minahasa, Indonesia. Proceeding of The 12th Congress of Indonesian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Conjunction With The 2nd International Conference Collaboration Seminar of Chemistry and Industry and AnMicro Workshop. Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia, 11-12 October 2018.
Mar WW, Rohman A, Muwafiqi NH, et al. 2020. Short communication: Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of bacteria producing laccase isolated from Gunung pancar, Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. 21 (5): 2113–2118.
Marsh CL, Larsen DH. 1953. Characterization of some thermophilic bacteria from the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. J Bacteriol 65 (2): 193–197.
Mori K, Kim H, Kakegawa T, et al. 2003. A novel lineage of sulfate-reducing microorganisms: Thermodesulfobiaceae fam. nov., Thermodesulfobium narugense, gen. nov., a new thermophilic isolate from a hot spring. Extremophiles 7 (4): 283–290.
Mougiakos I, Mohanraju P, Bosma EF, et al. 2017. Characterizing a thermostable Cas9 for bacterial genome editing and silencing. Nat Commun 8 (1): 1-11.
Nam GW, Lee DW, Lee HS, et al. 2002. Native-feather degradation by Fervidobacterium islandicum AW-1, a newly isolated keratinase-producing thermophilic anaerobe. Arch Microbiol 178 (6): 538–547.
Ningsih F, Yokota A, Sakai Y, et al. 2019. Gandjariella thermophila gen. Nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family pseudonocardiaceae, isolated from forest soil in a geothermal area. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 69 (10): 3080–3086.
Nuritasari D, Sarjono PR, Aminin ALN. 2017. Isolasi Bakteri Termofilik Sumber Air Panas Gedongsongo dengan Media Pengaya MB (Minimal Broth) dan TS (Taoge Sukrosa) serta Identifikasi Fenotip dan Genotip. J Kim Sains dan Apl 20 (2): 84–91. [Indonesia]
Papke RT, Ramsing NB, Bateson MM, et al. 2003. Geographical isolation in hot spring cyanobacteria. Environ Microbiol 5 (8): 650–659.
Patasik IF, Runtuboi DYP, Gunaidi T, et al. 2015. Identification and characterization of thermophilic Bacillus sp with protease activity at the fragment of 16S rRNA gene of several hot springs in Merauke, Papua-Indonesia. Der Pharma Chem 7 (7): 1–10.
Rachma A, Sarjono PR, Aminin ALN. 2009. Isolasi bakteri termofilik sumber air panas Gedongsongo dengan media pengaya minimal YT (Yeast Tripton) serta identifikasi genotipik dan fenotipik. J Kim Sains dan Apl. 12(3):66–71. [Indonesia]
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