Population dynamics of anchovy pekto (Stolephorus waitei) in the waters of Malacca Strait, North Sumatra, Indonesia
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Abstract. Mulya MB, Jhon AH, Harahap ZA. 2021. Population dynamics of anchovy pekto (Stolephorus waitei) in the waters of Malacca Strait, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2693-2698. Anchovy pekto or Stolephorus waitei (Engraluidae: Clupeiformes) is one of the fish in the eastern coastal part of North Sumatra, occupying the waters of Malacca Strait. This research presents the population dynamics of S. waitei following its age, growth, mortality, and recruitment pattern based on the length-frequency data. Fork length (FL) and total weight (TW) data of S. waitei were collected at three sites from April to September 2018. A total of 1994 specimens with FL from 4.0 to 6.7 cm and TW from 0.2 to 2.3 g with the length-weight relationship of TW = 0.073FL3.0046 (R2=0.765) indicated a near isometric and positive allometric growth in the water region. The relative condition factor (Kn) ranged from 1.01 to 1.02, indicating an estimate of good condition of the fishes. The growth parameters based on von Bertalanffy was 6.56 cm (L?) with the growth coefficient (K) of 0.34 yr-1 and t0 (anchovy age at zero length ) of 0.6506. The total mortality (Z), natural mortality (F), and catch mortality (M) of S. waitei were 0.64, 1.39, and 0.75 yr-1 respectively, which suggest that the fishing activities of S. waitei are still in normal intensity. The recruitment pattern of S. waitei was stable between April and August with its peak in June by 14.21%. The fishing activities may then be limited during the spawning months (May to June) of S. waitei to maintain their population in the Strait of Malacca.
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References
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Froese R. 2006. Cube law, condition factor and length-weight relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations. J Appl Ichthyol. 22: 241-253.
Gamawan RP, Suryanti S, Wibawa TA. 2018. Mapping of anchovy (Stolephorus sp) fishing ground based on ocean color satellite data in the Batang Regency Waters. Indonesian J Fish Sci Technol. 13: 133-142.
Gayanilo FC, Sparre P, Pauly D. 2005. FAO-ICLARM stock assessment tools II: FiSAT II: user’s guide. Rome, WorldFish Center.
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Rohit P, Gupta AC. 2008. Whitebait fishery of Mangalore – Malpe, Karnataka during 1997-2002. Indian J Fish. 55: 211-214.
Safruddin, Hidayat R, Zainuddin M. 2018. Effects of environmental factors on anchovies Stolephorus sp distribution in Bone Gulf, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux. 11: 387-393.
Silaen SN, Mulya MB. 2018. Density and white shrimp growth pattern (Penaeus merguiensis) in Kampung Nipah Waters of Perbaungan, North Sumatera. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 130: 012044.
Siriskar DA, Khedkar GD, Lior D. 2013. Production of salted and pressed anchovies (Stolephorus sp.) and its quality evaluation during storage. J Food Sci Technol. 50: 1172-1178.
Sparre P, Venema SC. 1998. Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. Rome, Italy.
Tran DD, Nguyen VT, Dinh QM. 2020. Population dynamics of Stolephorus dubiosus in Bay Hap and Cua Lon estuaries, Mekong Delta, Vietnam. AACL Bioflux. 13: 2250-2264.
Whitehead PJP, Nelson GJ, Wongratana T. 1988. FAO species catalogue, vol 7: Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 2: Engraulidae. FAO, Rome.
Wongratana T, Munroe TA, Nizinski MS. 1999. Engrulidae. In: Carpenter KE, Niem VH (eds). FAO species identification guide for fishery purpose, the living marine resources of the western central Pacific. FAO, Rome.
Yuanda D, Mulya MB, Muhtadi A. 2015. Pertumbuhan dan laju eksploitasi ikan teri pekto (Stolephorus waitei) di Perairan Belawan Kota Medan Sumatera Utara. J Aquacoastmarine. 15: 120-130. [Indonesian]
Zaher FM, Rahman BMS, Rahman A, Alam MA, Pramanik MH. 2015. Length-weight relationship and GSI of hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) fishes in Meghna River, Bangladesh. Int J Nat Soc Sci. 2: 82-88.
Burbridge PR. 1988. Coastal and marine resource management in the Strait of Malacca. Ambio. 17: 170-177.
Cota SEL. 2013. Modeling sardine and anchovy low-frequency variability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 110: 13240-13241.
Eschmeyer WN, Fricke R. 2008. Catalog of fishes. https://research.calacademy.org/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatsearch.html
De Giosa M, Czerniejewski P, Rybczyk A. 2014. Seasonal changes in condition factor and weight-length relationship of invasive Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) from Lesczynskie Lakeland, Poland. Adv Zool. 2014: 678763.
Froese R. 2006. Cube law, condition factor and length-weight relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations. J Appl Ichthyol. 22: 241-253.
Gamawan RP, Suryanti S, Wibawa TA. 2018. Mapping of anchovy (Stolephorus sp) fishing ground based on ocean color satellite data in the Batang Regency Waters. Indonesian J Fish Sci Technol. 13: 133-142.
Gayanilo FC, Sparre P, Pauly D. 2005. FAO-ICLARM stock assessment tools II: FiSAT II: user’s guide. Rome, WorldFish Center.
Gulland JA. 1985. Fish stock assessment: a manual of basic methods. Wiley and Sons, New York.
Hata H. 2020. Stolephorus waitei. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T170766737A170767007.
Hata H, Lavoue S, Motomura H. 2019. Taxonomic status of seven nominal species of the anchovy genus Stolephorus described by Deslman (1931), Hardenberg (1933), and Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), with redescriptions of Stolephorus tri (Bleeker 1852) and Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale 1926 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Icththyol Res. 67: 7-38.
Hazmadi MZ, Amin SMN, Arshad A, Rahman A, Al-Barwani SM. 2011. Size frequency and length-weight relationships of spined anchovy, Stolephorus tri from the coastal waters of Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia. J Fish Aquat Sci. 6: 857-861.
Irnawati R, Surilayani D, Susanto A, Munandar A, Rahmawati A. 2018. Potential yield and fishing season of anchovy (Stolephorus sp.) in Banten, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux. 11: 804-809.
Jordan DS, Seale A. 1926, Review of the Engraulidae, with descriptions of new and rare species. Bull Mus Comp Zool Harvard. 67: 355-418.
Jorgensen C, Holt RE. 2013. Natural mortality: Its ecology, how it shapes fish life histories, and why it may be increased by fishing. J Sea Res. 75: 8-18.
Le Cren CD. 1951. The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in perch, Perca fluviatilis. J Anim Ecol. 20: 201-219.
Luther G, Rao KVN, Gopakumar G, Muthiah C, Pillai NG, Rohit P, Kurup KN, Reuben S, Devadoss P, Rao GS, Bennet PS, Radhakrishnan NS. 1992. Resource characteristics and stock assessment of whitebaits. Indian J Fish 39: 152-168.
Masse J, Sanchez F, Delaunay D, Robert JM, Petitgas P. 2016. A partnership between science and industry for a monitoring of anchovy & sardine in the Bay of Biscay: When fishermen are actors of science. Fish Res. 178: 26-38.
Milton DA, Andamari R, Rawlinson NJF. 1998. The biomass of tropical anchovies (Encrasicholina species) at Bacan, Eastern Indonesia estimated by the daily egg production method. IFR J. 4:58-65.
Morato T, Afonso P, Lorinho P, Barreiros JP, Sanstos RS, Nash RDM. 2001. Length-weight relationships for 21 costal fish species of the Azores, North-eastern Atlantic. Fish Res. 50: 297-302.
Nair PG, Joseph S, Pillai VN. 2015. Length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of Stolephorus commersonii (Lacepede, 1803) exploited along Kerala Coast. J Mar Biol Ass India. 57: 27-31.
Ongkers O. 2008. Population parameters of Indian anchovy, Stolephorus indicus in Inner Ambon Bay. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia. 8: 85-92.
Patadiya DS, Jawahar P, Jayakumar N, Pereira JJ. 2018. Length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of Indian anchovy Stolephorus indicus (van Hasselt, 1823) from Thoothukudi coastal waters. J Entomol Zool Stud. 6: 279-282.
Pauly D. 1980. On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. J Cons Int Explor Mer. 39: 175-192.
Pauly D. 1983. Some simple methods for the assessment of tropical fish stocks. FAO.Fisheries Technical Paper. Rome, Italy.
Pauly D. 1984. Fish population dynamics in tropical waters: a manual for use with programmable calculators, ICLARM. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. Rome, Italy.
Rohit P, Gupta AC. 2008. Whitebait fishery of Mangalore – Malpe, Karnataka during 1997-2002. Indian J Fish. 55: 211-214.
Safruddin, Hidayat R, Zainuddin M. 2018. Effects of environmental factors on anchovies Stolephorus sp distribution in Bone Gulf, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux. 11: 387-393.
Silaen SN, Mulya MB. 2018. Density and white shrimp growth pattern (Penaeus merguiensis) in Kampung Nipah Waters of Perbaungan, North Sumatera. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 130: 012044.
Siriskar DA, Khedkar GD, Lior D. 2013. Production of salted and pressed anchovies (Stolephorus sp.) and its quality evaluation during storage. J Food Sci Technol. 50: 1172-1178.
Sparre P, Venema SC. 1998. Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. Rome, Italy.
Tran DD, Nguyen VT, Dinh QM. 2020. Population dynamics of Stolephorus dubiosus in Bay Hap and Cua Lon estuaries, Mekong Delta, Vietnam. AACL Bioflux. 13: 2250-2264.
Whitehead PJP, Nelson GJ, Wongratana T. 1988. FAO species catalogue, vol 7: Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 2: Engraulidae. FAO, Rome.
Wongratana T, Munroe TA, Nizinski MS. 1999. Engrulidae. In: Carpenter KE, Niem VH (eds). FAO species identification guide for fishery purpose, the living marine resources of the western central Pacific. FAO, Rome.
Yuanda D, Mulya MB, Muhtadi A. 2015. Pertumbuhan dan laju eksploitasi ikan teri pekto (Stolephorus waitei) di Perairan Belawan Kota Medan Sumatera Utara. J Aquacoastmarine. 15: 120-130. [Indonesian]
Zaher FM, Rahman BMS, Rahman A, Alam MA, Pramanik MH. 2015. Length-weight relationship and GSI of hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) fishes in Meghna River, Bangladesh. Int J Nat Soc Sci. 2: 82-88.
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