Early growth evaluation and estimation of heritability in a sengon (Falcataria moluccana) progeny testing at Kediri, East Java, Indonesia
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Abstract. Nugroho A, Matra DD, Siregar IZ, Haneda NF, Istikorini Y, Rahmawati R, Amin Y, Siregar UJ. 2021. Early growth evaluation and estimation of heritability in a sengon (Falcataria moluccana) progeny testing at Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2728-2736. Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) is widely cultivated as a monoculture plantation in community forests that still poses a high risk of pest and disease attacks. Although plants naturally show signs of resistance, there is still however a lack of understanding on the influence of relative plant resistance on growth due to environmental and genetic factors. This study was aimed to evaluate the early growth of a sengon progeny testing in Kediri, East Java and to estimate the genetic parameters with respect to its resistance and susceptibility to stem borer and rust disease. Progeny test was designed using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four blocks as replications. Each block consists of 100 families which was grouped into two categories, 50 families for resistant group and 50 families for susceptible group. Observations were made at the age of 0 and 9 months after planting on 9 individuals per plot in each family. Growth characteristics were measured as germination (%), height (m), and diameter (cm). Results indicated that the sengon growth rate from resistant and susceptible plant groups showed a significant difference. Heritability values are classified as moderate, ranging between 0.107 to 0.133 and 0.102 to 0.150 for height and diameter variables, respectively. These information may be used for gradual selection by considering the appropriate intensity.
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References
Anna N, Supriyanto, Karlinasari L, Sudrajat DJ, Siregar IZ. 2020. The growth, pilodyn penetration, and wood properties of 12 Neolamarckia cadamba provenances at 42 months old. Biodiversitas 21 (3): 1091-1100.
Azizah N, Wijayanto N, Wirnas D. 2019. The growth and rooting dimensions of the local and Solomon albizia in the agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 20 (10): 3018-3023.
Baskorowati L, Bush D, Setiadi D, Susanto M. 2017. Genetic variation of growth and disease resistance trait in open-pollinated provenance-progeny trial of Falcataria moluccana growing on two rust-affected site at age 18 monts. JMHT 23 (1): 1-7. [Indonesian]
Bello OB, Ige SA, Azeez MA, Afolabi MS, Abdulmaliq SY, Mahamood J. 2012. Heritability and genetic advance for grain yield and its component characters in maize (Zea mays L.). Int J Plant Res 2 (5): 138-145.
Chaerani N, Sudrajat DJ, Siregar IZ, Siregar UJ. 2019. Growth performance and wood quality of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) progeny testing at Parung Panjang, Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20 (8): 2295-2301.
Cotterill PP, Dean CA. 1990. Successful tree breeding with index selection. CSIRO Division of Forestry and Forest Product, Australia.
Darwiati W, Anggraeni I. 2018. The boktor and tumor attack at sengon in the plantation of tea Ciater. Jurnal Sains Natural 8 (2): 59-69. [Indonesian]
Edwards S. 2018. Estimating heritability of pest resistance in forest trees: exploring potential biases from methodological and ecological factors. [Dissertation]. University of New Brunswick, Saint John.
Endang AH, Haneda HF. 2010. Infestation of Xystrocera festiva in Paraserianthes falcataria plantation in East Java, Indonesia. J Trop For Sci 22 (4): 397-402.
Falconer DS. 1981. Introduction to Quantitative Genetic. 2nd ed. Longman Inc, New York.
Falconer DS, Mackay TFC. 1996. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics 4nd Edition. Addison Wesley Longman Ltd, New York.
Gradel A, Ammer C, Ganbaatar B, Nadaldorj, Dovdondemberel B, Wagner S. 2017. On the effect of thining on tree growth and stand structure of white birch (Betula platyphylla Sukaczev) and siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ladeb.) in Mongolia. Forest 8: 105-128.
Hadiyan Y. 2010. Early growth evaluation of sengon (Falcataria moluccana) seedling seed orchard at 4 months of age in Cikampek, West Java. JPTH 7 (2): 85-71. [Indonesian]
Hamrick JL, Godt MJ, Sherman-Broyles SL. 1992. Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species. New For 6: 95-124.
Hardiyanto EB. 2012. Genetic parameter estimates for growth in a progeny test of sengon (Falcataria moluccana) in Jember, East Java. Biota 17 (3): 1-7.
Hidayat W, Qi Y, Jang JH, Febrianto F, Lee SH, Chae HM, Kondo T, Kim NH. 2017. Carbonization characteristics of juvenile woods from some tropical trees planted in Indonesia. J Fac Agric 62 (1): 145-152.
Iskandar J, Ellen FR. 2008. The contribution of Paraserianthes falcataria (Albizia) to sustainable swidden management practices among the Baduy of West Java. Hum Ecol 28: 1-17.
Johnson K, Lenhard M. 2011. Genetic control of plant organ growth. New Phytol 191: 319-333.
Kang JS, Shibuya M, Shin CS. 2014. The effect of forest-thining works on tree growth and forest environment. Forest Sci Technol 10 (1): 33-39.
Krisnawati H, Varis E, Kallio M, Kanninen M. 2011 Paraserienthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen: Ecology, Silviculture and Productivity. CIFOR, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Lelana NE, Wiyono S, Giyanto G, Siregar IZ. 2018. Genetic diversity of Falcataria moluccana and its relationship to the resistance of gall rust disease. Biodiversitas 19 (1): 12–17.
Li C, Weng Q, Chen JB, Li M, Zhou C, Chen S, Zhou W, Guo D, Lu C, Chen JC, Xiang D, Gan S. 2016. Genetic parameter for growth and wood mechanical properties in Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell. New For 48 (1): 33-49.
Mahfudz, Na’iem M, Sumardi, Hardiyanto EB. 2010. Growth variations in progeny test of Merbau (Intsia bijuga O.Ktze) in Sobang, Banten. JPTH 4 (3): 157–165. [Indonesian]
Mattjik AA, Sumertajaya IM. 2006. Experimental Design with SAS and Minitab Applications Vol 1. IPB Press, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Mulyadiana A, Trikosoemaningtyas, Siregar IZ. Evaluation of early growth performance of 41 clone of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) at four microsites in Purwakarta, Indonesia. J For Res 31 (3): 901-907.
O'Neill N T, Dubovik O, Eck TF. 2001. A modified Angstrom coefficient for the characterization of sub-micron aerosols. App Opt 40 (15): 2368-2374.
Perum Perhutani. 2015. Management Plan for Conservation of FMU Kediri Results. Perum Perhutani, Kediri. [Indonesian]
Rahayu S, Lee SS, Shukor NAA. 2010. Uromycladium tepperianum, the gall rust fungus from Falcataria moluccana in Malaysia and Indonesia. Mycoscience 51: 149-153.
Rahayu S, Shukor NAA, Saleh G, Lee SS. 2020. Heritability of early growth traits and their genetic correlations for gall rust disease of Falcataria moluccana. Pak J Phytopathol 32 (01): 53-60.
Rahmawati D. 2017. Evaluation of morphological, phytochemical, genetic characteristics of sengon (Falcataria molluccana) resistant and susceptible to gall rust [Thesis]. IPB University, Indonesia.
Rahmawati D, Khumaida N, Siregar UJ. Morphological and phytochemical characterization of susceptible and resistant sengon (Falcataria moluccana) tree to gall rust disease. Biodiversitas 20 (3): 907-913.
Riany F, Siregar IZ, Sudrajat DJ. 2018. The growth and genetic potensial of Gempol (Nauclea orientalis L.) as shading trees in urban landscapes; Proceeding of The International Symposium on Arboriculture in the Tropics: Securing Ecosystem Functions in Urban Landscape. Bogor, 21 November 2017.
Russell JH, Libby WJ. 1986. Clonal testing efficiency: the trade-off between clone tested and ramet per clone. Can J Forest Res 16: 925-930.
Setiadi D, Susanto M, Baskorowati L. 2014. Gall rust disease defense attacks at progeny test of Falcataria moluccana in Bondowoso, East Java. JPHT 8 (1):1-13. [Indonesia]
Shabrina H. 2020. Ecological genomic approach to sengon breeding (Falcataria moluccana) resistant from gall-rust (Uromycladium falcatarium). [Dissertation]. IPB University, Bogor. [Indonesia].
Shabrina H, Ulfah UJ, Matra DD, Siregar IZ. 2019. The dataset of De novo transcriptome assembly of Falcataria moluccana cambium from gall-rust (Uromycladium falcatarium) infected and non-infected tree. Data in Brief 26: 104489.
Sharina H, Siregar UJ, Matra DD, Kamiya K, Siregar I. 2019. Short communication: DNA extraction from stored wood of Falcataria moluccana suitable for barcoding analysis. Biodiversitas 20 (6): 1748-1752.
Siregar UJ, Rachmi A, Massijaya MY, Ishibashi I, Ando K. 2007. Economic analysis of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) community forest plantation, a fastgrowing species in East Java, Indonesia. For Policy Econ 9: 822 -829.
Siregar UJ, Rahmawati D, Damayanti A. 2019. Fingerprinting sengon (Falcataria moluccana) accessions resistant to boktor pest and gall rust disease using microsatellite markers. Biodiversitas 20 (9): 2698-2706.
Sudrajat DJ. 2015. Population diversity, provenance and adaptability test of (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) BOSSER). [Dissertation]. IPB University, Bogor. [Indonesia].
Sudrajat DJ, Nurhasybi, Bramasto Y. 2015. Testing Standards and Quality of Forest Plant Seeds. Forda Press, Bogor. [Indonesia]
Sudrajat DJ, Siregar IZ, Siregar UJ, Nurhasybi, Mansur I, Khumaida N. 2016. Intraspecific variation on early growth of Neolamarckia cadamba Miq. in provenance-progeny tests in West Java Province. Biotropia 23 (1): 10-20.
Suharsi TK, Syukur M, Wijaya AR. 2016. Fruit characterization and determination of seed physiological maturity of several chili (Capsicum annuum) genotypes. J Agron Indones 43 (3): 207-212. [Indonesian]
Sumardi, Kurniawan H, Prastyono. 2016. Genetic parameter estimates for growth traits in an Eucalyptus urophylla S.T Blake progeny test in Timor Island. IJFR 3 (2): 119-127.
Sunandar A, Dorly, Supena EDJ. 2017. Induction of somatic embryogenesis in sengon (Falcataria moluccana) with thidiazuron and light treatments. Hayati J Biosci 24 (2): 105-108.
Surles SE, White TL, Hodge GR. 1995. Genetic parameter estimates for seedling dry weight traits and their relationship with parental breeding values in slash pine. For Scie 41: 546–563.
Syukur M, Sujiprihati S, Yunianti R, Kusumah DA. 2011. Estimation of genetic variability and character heritability of the yield components of several chili genotypes. J Agrivigor 10: 148-156.
Vanlauwe B, Hungria M, Kanampiu F, Giller K E. 2019. The role of legumes in the sustainable intensification of African smallholder agriculture: Lessons learnt and challenges for the future. Agric Ecosyst Environ 284: 106583.
Werner T, Motyka V, Laucou V, Smets R., Van Onckelen H, Schmülling T. 2003. Cytokinin?deficient transgenic Arabidopsis plants show multiple developmental alterations indicating opposite functions of cytokinins in the regulation of shoot and root meristem activity. Plant Cell 15: 2532-2550.
Xia Y, Suzuki H, Borevitz J, Blount J, Guo Z, Patel K, Dizon RA, Lamb C. 2004. An extracellular aspartic protease functions in Arabidopsis disease resistance signaling. EMBO J 23 (4): 980-988.
Lelana NE, Wiyono S, Giyanto G, Siregar IZ. 2018. Cultivation Practices and Its Correlation to The Severity of Gall Rust Disease on Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes). JPHT 15 (1): 29-41. [Indonesian]
Yuniarti N, Megawati, Leksono B. 2013. The influence of seed extraction method and seed size for maintaining for physical and physiological of Acacia crassicarp. JPHT 10 (3): 129-137. [Indonesian]
Yuskianti V, Shiraishi S. 2017. Genetic diversity of sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby and J.W. Grimes) revealed using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Indonesian J Forestry Res. 4 (2): 85-94.
Zobel B, Talbert J. 1984. Applied forest tree improvement. Waveland Press, Illinois.
Azizah N, Wijayanto N, Wirnas D. 2019. The growth and rooting dimensions of the local and Solomon albizia in the agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 20 (10): 3018-3023.
Baskorowati L, Bush D, Setiadi D, Susanto M. 2017. Genetic variation of growth and disease resistance trait in open-pollinated provenance-progeny trial of Falcataria moluccana growing on two rust-affected site at age 18 monts. JMHT 23 (1): 1-7. [Indonesian]
Bello OB, Ige SA, Azeez MA, Afolabi MS, Abdulmaliq SY, Mahamood J. 2012. Heritability and genetic advance for grain yield and its component characters in maize (Zea mays L.). Int J Plant Res 2 (5): 138-145.
Chaerani N, Sudrajat DJ, Siregar IZ, Siregar UJ. 2019. Growth performance and wood quality of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) progeny testing at Parung Panjang, Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20 (8): 2295-2301.
Cotterill PP, Dean CA. 1990. Successful tree breeding with index selection. CSIRO Division of Forestry and Forest Product, Australia.
Darwiati W, Anggraeni I. 2018. The boktor and tumor attack at sengon in the plantation of tea Ciater. Jurnal Sains Natural 8 (2): 59-69. [Indonesian]
Edwards S. 2018. Estimating heritability of pest resistance in forest trees: exploring potential biases from methodological and ecological factors. [Dissertation]. University of New Brunswick, Saint John.
Endang AH, Haneda HF. 2010. Infestation of Xystrocera festiva in Paraserianthes falcataria plantation in East Java, Indonesia. J Trop For Sci 22 (4): 397-402.
Falconer DS. 1981. Introduction to Quantitative Genetic. 2nd ed. Longman Inc, New York.
Falconer DS, Mackay TFC. 1996. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics 4nd Edition. Addison Wesley Longman Ltd, New York.
Gradel A, Ammer C, Ganbaatar B, Nadaldorj, Dovdondemberel B, Wagner S. 2017. On the effect of thining on tree growth and stand structure of white birch (Betula platyphylla Sukaczev) and siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ladeb.) in Mongolia. Forest 8: 105-128.
Hadiyan Y. 2010. Early growth evaluation of sengon (Falcataria moluccana) seedling seed orchard at 4 months of age in Cikampek, West Java. JPTH 7 (2): 85-71. [Indonesian]
Hamrick JL, Godt MJ, Sherman-Broyles SL. 1992. Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species. New For 6: 95-124.
Hardiyanto EB. 2012. Genetic parameter estimates for growth in a progeny test of sengon (Falcataria moluccana) in Jember, East Java. Biota 17 (3): 1-7.
Hidayat W, Qi Y, Jang JH, Febrianto F, Lee SH, Chae HM, Kondo T, Kim NH. 2017. Carbonization characteristics of juvenile woods from some tropical trees planted in Indonesia. J Fac Agric 62 (1): 145-152.
Iskandar J, Ellen FR. 2008. The contribution of Paraserianthes falcataria (Albizia) to sustainable swidden management practices among the Baduy of West Java. Hum Ecol 28: 1-17.
Johnson K, Lenhard M. 2011. Genetic control of plant organ growth. New Phytol 191: 319-333.
Kang JS, Shibuya M, Shin CS. 2014. The effect of forest-thining works on tree growth and forest environment. Forest Sci Technol 10 (1): 33-39.
Krisnawati H, Varis E, Kallio M, Kanninen M. 2011 Paraserienthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen: Ecology, Silviculture and Productivity. CIFOR, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Lelana NE, Wiyono S, Giyanto G, Siregar IZ. 2018. Genetic diversity of Falcataria moluccana and its relationship to the resistance of gall rust disease. Biodiversitas 19 (1): 12–17.
Li C, Weng Q, Chen JB, Li M, Zhou C, Chen S, Zhou W, Guo D, Lu C, Chen JC, Xiang D, Gan S. 2016. Genetic parameter for growth and wood mechanical properties in Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell. New For 48 (1): 33-49.
Mahfudz, Na’iem M, Sumardi, Hardiyanto EB. 2010. Growth variations in progeny test of Merbau (Intsia bijuga O.Ktze) in Sobang, Banten. JPTH 4 (3): 157–165. [Indonesian]
Mattjik AA, Sumertajaya IM. 2006. Experimental Design with SAS and Minitab Applications Vol 1. IPB Press, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Mulyadiana A, Trikosoemaningtyas, Siregar IZ. Evaluation of early growth performance of 41 clone of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) at four microsites in Purwakarta, Indonesia. J For Res 31 (3): 901-907.
O'Neill N T, Dubovik O, Eck TF. 2001. A modified Angstrom coefficient for the characterization of sub-micron aerosols. App Opt 40 (15): 2368-2374.
Perum Perhutani. 2015. Management Plan for Conservation of FMU Kediri Results. Perum Perhutani, Kediri. [Indonesian]
Rahayu S, Lee SS, Shukor NAA. 2010. Uromycladium tepperianum, the gall rust fungus from Falcataria moluccana in Malaysia and Indonesia. Mycoscience 51: 149-153.
Rahayu S, Shukor NAA, Saleh G, Lee SS. 2020. Heritability of early growth traits and their genetic correlations for gall rust disease of Falcataria moluccana. Pak J Phytopathol 32 (01): 53-60.
Rahmawati D. 2017. Evaluation of morphological, phytochemical, genetic characteristics of sengon (Falcataria molluccana) resistant and susceptible to gall rust [Thesis]. IPB University, Indonesia.
Rahmawati D, Khumaida N, Siregar UJ. Morphological and phytochemical characterization of susceptible and resistant sengon (Falcataria moluccana) tree to gall rust disease. Biodiversitas 20 (3): 907-913.
Riany F, Siregar IZ, Sudrajat DJ. 2018. The growth and genetic potensial of Gempol (Nauclea orientalis L.) as shading trees in urban landscapes; Proceeding of The International Symposium on Arboriculture in the Tropics: Securing Ecosystem Functions in Urban Landscape. Bogor, 21 November 2017.
Russell JH, Libby WJ. 1986. Clonal testing efficiency: the trade-off between clone tested and ramet per clone. Can J Forest Res 16: 925-930.
Setiadi D, Susanto M, Baskorowati L. 2014. Gall rust disease defense attacks at progeny test of Falcataria moluccana in Bondowoso, East Java. JPHT 8 (1):1-13. [Indonesia]
Shabrina H. 2020. Ecological genomic approach to sengon breeding (Falcataria moluccana) resistant from gall-rust (Uromycladium falcatarium). [Dissertation]. IPB University, Bogor. [Indonesia].
Shabrina H, Ulfah UJ, Matra DD, Siregar IZ. 2019. The dataset of De novo transcriptome assembly of Falcataria moluccana cambium from gall-rust (Uromycladium falcatarium) infected and non-infected tree. Data in Brief 26: 104489.
Sharina H, Siregar UJ, Matra DD, Kamiya K, Siregar I. 2019. Short communication: DNA extraction from stored wood of Falcataria moluccana suitable for barcoding analysis. Biodiversitas 20 (6): 1748-1752.
Siregar UJ, Rachmi A, Massijaya MY, Ishibashi I, Ando K. 2007. Economic analysis of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) community forest plantation, a fastgrowing species in East Java, Indonesia. For Policy Econ 9: 822 -829.
Siregar UJ, Rahmawati D, Damayanti A. 2019. Fingerprinting sengon (Falcataria moluccana) accessions resistant to boktor pest and gall rust disease using microsatellite markers. Biodiversitas 20 (9): 2698-2706.
Sudrajat DJ. 2015. Population diversity, provenance and adaptability test of (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) BOSSER). [Dissertation]. IPB University, Bogor. [Indonesia].
Sudrajat DJ, Nurhasybi, Bramasto Y. 2015. Testing Standards and Quality of Forest Plant Seeds. Forda Press, Bogor. [Indonesia]
Sudrajat DJ, Siregar IZ, Siregar UJ, Nurhasybi, Mansur I, Khumaida N. 2016. Intraspecific variation on early growth of Neolamarckia cadamba Miq. in provenance-progeny tests in West Java Province. Biotropia 23 (1): 10-20.
Suharsi TK, Syukur M, Wijaya AR. 2016. Fruit characterization and determination of seed physiological maturity of several chili (Capsicum annuum) genotypes. J Agron Indones 43 (3): 207-212. [Indonesian]
Sumardi, Kurniawan H, Prastyono. 2016. Genetic parameter estimates for growth traits in an Eucalyptus urophylla S.T Blake progeny test in Timor Island. IJFR 3 (2): 119-127.
Sunandar A, Dorly, Supena EDJ. 2017. Induction of somatic embryogenesis in sengon (Falcataria moluccana) with thidiazuron and light treatments. Hayati J Biosci 24 (2): 105-108.
Surles SE, White TL, Hodge GR. 1995. Genetic parameter estimates for seedling dry weight traits and their relationship with parental breeding values in slash pine. For Scie 41: 546–563.
Syukur M, Sujiprihati S, Yunianti R, Kusumah DA. 2011. Estimation of genetic variability and character heritability of the yield components of several chili genotypes. J Agrivigor 10: 148-156.
Vanlauwe B, Hungria M, Kanampiu F, Giller K E. 2019. The role of legumes in the sustainable intensification of African smallholder agriculture: Lessons learnt and challenges for the future. Agric Ecosyst Environ 284: 106583.
Werner T, Motyka V, Laucou V, Smets R., Van Onckelen H, Schmülling T. 2003. Cytokinin?deficient transgenic Arabidopsis plants show multiple developmental alterations indicating opposite functions of cytokinins in the regulation of shoot and root meristem activity. Plant Cell 15: 2532-2550.
Xia Y, Suzuki H, Borevitz J, Blount J, Guo Z, Patel K, Dizon RA, Lamb C. 2004. An extracellular aspartic protease functions in Arabidopsis disease resistance signaling. EMBO J 23 (4): 980-988.
Lelana NE, Wiyono S, Giyanto G, Siregar IZ. 2018. Cultivation Practices and Its Correlation to The Severity of Gall Rust Disease on Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes). JPHT 15 (1): 29-41. [Indonesian]
Yuniarti N, Megawati, Leksono B. 2013. The influence of seed extraction method and seed size for maintaining for physical and physiological of Acacia crassicarp. JPHT 10 (3): 129-137. [Indonesian]
Yuskianti V, Shiraishi S. 2017. Genetic diversity of sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby and J.W. Grimes) revealed using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Indonesian J Forestry Res. 4 (2): 85-94.
Zobel B, Talbert J. 1984. Applied forest tree improvement. Waveland Press, Illinois.
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