Changes of tree species diversity in peatland impacted by moderate fire severity at Teluk Meranti, Pelalawan, Riau Province, Indonesia
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Abstract. Syaufina L, Hamzah AA. 2021. Changes of tree species diversity in peatland impacted by moderate fire severity at Teluk Meranti, Pelalawan, Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2899-2908. Riau is one of the fire-prone provinces in Indonesia, which contributes to environmental problems not only in the country but also in neighboring countries. Peatland fire occurs annually in the province that causes transboundary haze pollution. Despite being an important threat to biodiversity, study on peatland fire impacts seems limited. The aims of this study are to analyze changes in tree species diversity due to fire and to assess fire severity. The study was conducted at Teluk Meranti Sub-district, Pelalawan District, Riau Province, Indonesia by establishing 18 sample plots in six transect lines for both burned and unburned areas. Fire severity classification was assessed by aggregate scoring of vegetation condition (individual tree damages, burned vegetation severity, and biodiversity) and soil condition (physical properties, chemical properties, and burned peat depth) indicators. The research revealed a significant change in tree species diversity from 24 species (unburned area) to 2 species (burned area) from high diversity index (2.86) to low diversity index (0.57); only 29% of burned trees can survive; average burned peat depth was about 33 cm; a significant difference of soil condition for both areas was observed. The severity of forest fires in Teluk Meranti, Pelalawan, Riau was classified as the moderate category, with a total score of 58.80%.
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References
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Ordóñez, J.L., Retana, J. and Espelta, J.M., 2005. Effects of tree size, crown damage, and tree location on post-fire survival and cone production of Pinus nigra trees. Forest Ecology and Management, 206(1-3), pp.109-117.
Page, S., Rieley, J., Hoscilo, A., Spessa, A. and Weber, U., 2013. Current fire regimes, impacts and the likely changes–IV: tropical Southeast Asia.
Page, S.E. and Hooijer, A., 2016. In the line of fire: the peatlands of Southeast Asia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1696), p.20150176.
Ratnaningsih AT dan Prasetyaningsih SR. 2017. Dampak Kebakaran Hutan Gambut Terhadap Subsidensi Di Hutan Tanaman Industri. Jurnal Kehutanan Wahana Foresta 12(1) : 42.
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Syaufina L. 2008. Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan di Indonesia. Malang(ID): Bayumedia Publishing
Syaufina L. 2017. Metode Penilaian Areal Pasca Kebakaran Hutan. Bogor (ID) : IPB Press.
Syaufina L, Ainuddin AN. 2011. Impacts of fire on South East Asia tropical forest biodiversity: a review. Asian Journal of Plants Science 10(4): 238-244
Valat B, Jouany C, and Riviere L M. 1991. Characterization Of The Wetting Properties of Air-Dried Peats and Composts. soil sci. 152(2):100-107.
Agus, C., Azmi, F.F., Ilfana, Z.R., Wulandari, D., Rachmanadi, D., Harun, M.K. and Yuwati, T.W., 2019. The Impact of Forest Fire on the Biodiversity and the Soil Characteristics of Tropical Peatland. In Handbook of Climate Change and Biodiversity (pp. 287-303). Springer, Cham.
Artsybashev, E. S. 1983. Forest Fires and Their Control. K. Badaya Trans., V. Pandit ed., Oxonian Press Pvt., New Delhi, India. 160 pp.
Astiani D., 2016. Tropical peatland tree-species diversity altered by forest degradation. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 17(1).
Agus F dan Subiksa I G M. 2008. Lahan Gambut: Potensi untuk Pertanian dan Aspek Lingkungan. Bogor (ID) : Balai Penelitian Tanah.
Chandler C, Cheney P, Trabaud L dan William D. 1983. Fire in Forest Fire Behaviour and Effect (vol 1). New York (US) : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chang, C.C. and Turner, B.L., 2019. Ecological succession in a changing world.
Choiruddin I, Donantho D, Hartanto RM. 2018. Pengaruh Kebakaran Lahan Terhadap Beberapa Sifat Kimia Tanah (pH, C-Organik, N, P, dan K). Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab 1 (1): 11-15.
Eviati dan Sulaeman. 2009. Petunjuk Teknis Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air, dan Pupuk Edisi 2. Bogor (ID) : Balai Penelitian Tanah.
Hakim N, Yusuf N, Lubis A M, Sutopo G N, Amin M, Bailley H H, Go B H. 1986. Dasar-dasar Ilmu Tanah. Lampung (ID): Universitas Lampung.
Heriyanto N M, Sawitri R, Subandinata D. 2007. Kajian ekologi permudaan saninten (Castanopsis argentea (BI) A.DC.) di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango, Jawa Barat. Buletin Plasma Nutfah 13 (1): 34-42.
Finegan, B., 1996. Pattern and process in neotropical secondary rain forests: the first 100 years of succession. Trends in ecology & evolution, 11(3), pp.119-124.
Hoscilo, A., Page, S.E., Tansey, K.J. and Rieley, J.O., 2011. Effect of repeated fires on land-cover change on peatland in southern Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, from 1973 to 2005. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 20(4), pp.578-588.
Ishihara, M.I., Firdaus, R. and Nakagoshi, N., 2017. Peatland fires in Riau, Indonesia, in relation to land cover type, land management, landholder, and spatial management. Journal of Environmental Protection, 8(11), p.1312.
Istomo, Djamhuri E, Hiwan I, Wasis B, Syaufina L, Hermowo JB. 2007. Panduan Praktek Pengelolaan Ekosistem Hutan (PPEH). Bogor (ID): IPB Press.
[LAPAN] Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional. 2016. Informasi Titik Panas (Hotspot) Kebakaran Hutan/Lahan. Jakarta (ID): Pusat Pemanfaatan Penginderaan Jauh, Deputi Bidang Penginderaan Jauh, LAPAN.
[LAPAN] Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional. 2019. Sebaran Titik Panas di Provinsi Riau. [Internet]. [diunduh 2019 Mar 8]. Tersedia pada: http://modis-catalog-lapan.go.id.
Lee, B.P.Y., Davies, Z.G. and Struebig, M.J., 2017. Smoke pollution disrupted biodiversity during the 2015 El Niño fires in Southeast Asia. Environmental Research Letters, 12(9), p.094022.
Lestari, D.P., Darusman, T., Harsanto, F., Arriyadi, D. and Ginanjar, G., 2021. Understanding Natural Regeneration in Burned Tropical Peatland: A Strategy to Accelerate the Forest Recovery Process. BIOTROPIA-The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology.
Lilleskov, E., McCullough, K., Hergoualc’h, K., del Castillo Torres, D., Chimner, R., Murdiyarso, D., Kolka, R., Bourgeau-Chavez, L., Hribljan, J., del Aguila Pasquel, J. and Wayson, C., 2019. Is Indonesian peatland loss a cautionary tale for Peru? A two-country comparison of the magnitude and causes of tropical peatland degradation. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 24(4), pp.591-623.
Ludwig JA and Reynolds JF. 1988. Statistical Ecology : A Primer on Methods and Computing. New York (US) : John Wiley & Sons.
Magurran AE. 1988. Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement. Carlton (AU) : Croom Helm.
Murtinah V, Edwin M, Bane O. 2017. Dampak Kebakaran Hutan Terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Tanah di Taman Nasional Kutai, Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu 5(2):128-137 .
Nasi R, Dennis R, Meijaard E, Applegate G and Moore P. 2002. Forest fire and biological diversity. Unasylva. 53(209) : 36-39.
Nugroho, Y.S., 2017. Integrating Wildland and Urban Fire Risks in Local Development Strategies in Indonesia. In Fire Science and Technology 2015 (pp. 31-43). Springer, Singapore.
Odum EP. 1993. Dasar-dasar Ekologi Edisi Ketiga. Tjahyono Samingan (Penerjemah). Yogyakarta (ID) : Gadjah Mada University Press.
Ordóñez, J.L., Retana, J. and Espelta, J.M., 2005. Effects of tree size, crown damage, and tree location on post-fire survival and cone production of Pinus nigra trees. Forest Ecology and Management, 206(1-3), pp.109-117.
Page, S., Rieley, J., Hoscilo, A., Spessa, A. and Weber, U., 2013. Current fire regimes, impacts and the likely changes–IV: tropical Southeast Asia.
Page, S.E. and Hooijer, A., 2016. In the line of fire: the peatlands of Southeast Asia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1696), p.20150176.
Ratnaningsih AT dan Prasetyaningsih SR. 2017. Dampak Kebakaran Hutan Gambut Terhadap Subsidensi Di Hutan Tanaman Industri. Jurnal Kehutanan Wahana Foresta 12(1) : 42.
Rohadi D, Herawati T, Rahmat M, Winarno B, Suwarno E. 2018. Penghidupan Berkelanjutan Bebas Polusi Asap. Bogor (ID) : FORDA Press.
Sanchez P A. 1992. Sifat dan Pengelolaan Tanah Tropika. Bandung (ID): Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Syaufina L. 2008. Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan di Indonesia. Malang(ID): Bayumedia Publishing
Syaufina L. 2017. Metode Penilaian Areal Pasca Kebakaran Hutan. Bogor (ID) : IPB Press.
Syaufina L, Ainuddin AN. 2011. Impacts of fire on South East Asia tropical forest biodiversity: a review. Asian Journal of Plants Science 10(4): 238-244
Valat B, Jouany C, and Riviere L M. 1991. Characterization Of The Wetting Properties of Air-Dried Peats and Composts. soil sci. 152(2):100-107.
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