Morphogenetic identification, description and pathogenicity of novel pathogens on Iraqi wheat plant (Triticum aestivum) causing head blight and crown rot diseases
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Abstract. Mohammed-Ameen MK, Minati MH, Abbas MH. 2021. Morphogenetic identification, description and pathogenicity of novel pathogens on Iraqi Wheat Plant (Triticum aestivum) causing head blight and crown rot diseases. Biodiversitas 22: 2999-3005. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant suffers from several fungal diseases, such as Fusarium head blight, root rot, and crown rot diseases that reduce the quality and quantity of grains. Two Fusarium species (Fusarium brachygibbosum and F. falciforme) have been isolated from wheat roots and rhizosphere regions showing disease symptoms in wheat fields in Al-Hwuir and Al-Qurna districts at Basra province. Each fungal species had been characterized morphologically and molecularly based on DNA sequence data for the translation elongation factor 1- ? (TEF-1 ?). Results of pathogenicity test showed that F. falciforme and F. brachygibbosum at the third week of inoculation induced head bleached symptoms with the severity of 12.46% (with significant differences P > 0.05) and 7.14%, respectively on Abu Ghraib 3 cultivar. Yellowing and necrosis symptoms were recorded in stem and crown region. The mean of disease severity (as necrosis on basal stem and crown) was 5% and 3.34% for F. falciforme and F. brachygibbosum, respectively. The two Fusarium species were identified as new pathogens on wheat plants in Iraq, causing head bleaching, stem and crown necrosis.
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References
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Basler R. 2016. Diversity of Fusarium species isolated from UK forage maize and the population structure of F. graminearum from maize and wheat. Peer J 4: e2143. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2143
Chehri K, Salleh B, Zakaria L. 2015. Morphological and phylogenetic analysis of Fusarium solani species complex in Malaysia. J Mic Eco 69: 457-471. DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0494-2
Davari M, Babai-Ahari A, Arzanlou M, Zare R, D Van Diepeningen A, De Hoog G. 2014. Morphological and molecular characterization of three new Fusarium species associated with inflorescence of wild grasses for Iran. Rostaniha DOI: 14: 124-134. 10.22092/BOTANY.2014.101281
El-Rabbat S, El-Maghraby O, El-Debaiky S, Haider A. 2018. Isolation and Molecular Identification of Fusarium Species from Some Cereal Grains and Their Products in Egypt. Int. J. Innov. Sci. Eng. Technol. ISSN 5: 2348-7968. DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2018.182.190
FAO. 2020. GIEWS - Global Information and Early Warning System: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available: http://www.fao.org/giews/countrybrief/country.jsp?code=IRQ
Gebremariam ES, Sharma-Poudyal D, Paulitz T, Erginbas-Orakci G, Karakaya A, Dababat A. 2018. Identity and pathogenicity of Fusarium species associated with crown rot on wheat (Triticum spp.) in Turkey. Eur J Plant Path 150: 387-399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-017-1285-7
Geiser DM, del Mar Jiménez-Gasco M, Kang S, Makalowska I, Veeraraghavan N, Ward TJ, Zhang N, Kuldau GA, O'donnell K. 2004. FUSARIUM-ID v. 1.0: a DNA sequence database for identifying Fusarium. Eur J Plant path 110: 473-479. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2285-2_2
Knutsen A, Torp M, Holst-Jensen A. 2004. Phylogenetic analyses of the Fusarium poae, Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium langsethiae species complex based on partial sequences of the translation elongation factor-1 alpha gene. Int J Food Mic 95: 287-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.12.007
Kreft M. 2016. Buckwheat phenolic metabolites in health and disease. Nutr Res Rev 29: 30-39. doi: 10.1017/S0954422415000190.
Kristensen R, Torp M, Kosiak B, Holst-Jensen A. 2005. Phylogeny and toxigenic potential is correlated in Fusarium species as revealed by partial translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene sequences. J Myc Res 109: 173-186. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204002114
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K. 2018. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. J Mol Bio Evo 35: 1547-1549. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msy096
Ledingham R, Atkinson T, Horricks J, Mills J, Piening L, Tinline R. 1973. Wheat losses due to common root rot in the prairie provinces of Canada, 1969-71. Can. Plant Dis. Surv 53: 113-122.
Leslie JF, Summerell BA. 2008. The Fusarium laboratory manual: John Wiley & Sons.
Minati MH, Mohammed-Ameen MK. 2019a. Novel report on six Fusarium species associated with head blight and crown rot of wheat in Basra province, Iraq. Bul Nat Res Cen 43: 139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-019-0173-z
Minati MH, Mohammed-Ameen MK. 2019b. Interaction between Fusarium head blight and crown rot disease incidence and cultural practices on wheat in the south of Iraq, Basra province. BulNat Res Cen 43: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-019-0257-9
Minati MH, Mohammed-Ameen MK. 2019c. Interaction between Fusarium Head Blight and Crown Rot Disease Incidence and Environmental Factors and Soil Physiochemical Analysis on Wheat in the South of Iraq, Basra Province. Kar Int J Mod Sci 5: 6. https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609X.1168
Minati MH, Mohammed-Ameen MK. 2019d. First Report of Three kinds of Mycotoxins Dioxynivalenol, Nivalenol and Fumonisin B2 in Seeds of Seven Wheat Cultivars in Iraq. Iraqi J Vet Med 43: 43-49. https://doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v43i1.469
Minati MH, Mohammed-Ameen MK. 2020. Co-occurrence of Fusarium head blight and crown rot on several wheat cultivars in the South of Iraq Basra Province. AIP Conference Proceedings 2213: 020001. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000108
Mirhosseini H, Babaeizad V, Hashemi L. 2014. First report of Fusarium brachygibbosum causing leaf spot on oleander in Iran. J Plant Path 96. DOI:10.4454/JPP.V96I2.002
Nelson PE, Toussoun TA, Marasas W. 1983. Fusarium species: an illustrated manual for identification.
Nelson PE, Dignani MC, Anaissie EJ. 1994. Taxonomy, biology, and clinical aspects of Fusarium species. Cli Mic Rev 7: 479-504. doi: 10.1128/cmr.7.4.479.
O'Donnell K, Kistler HC, Tacke BK, Casper HH. 2000. Gene genealogies reveal global phylogeographic structure and reproductive isolation among lineages of Fusarium graminearum, the fungus causing wheat scab. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97: 7905-7910. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.130193297
Polišenská I, Vaculová K, Jirsa O, Sedlá?ková I, Frydrych J. 2019. Yield and quality of two hulless barley varieties after inoculation with Fusarium culmorum. J Kva Pru l 65: 17-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18832/kp2019.65.17
Punja ZK, Scott C, Chen S. 2018. Root and crown rot pathogens causing wilt symptoms on field-grown marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) plants. Can J of plant path 40: 528-541. https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2018.1535470
Rentería-Martínez M, Meza-Moller A, Guerra-Camacho M, Romo-Tamayo F, Ochoa-Meza A, Moreno-Salazar S. 2015. First report of watermelon wilting caused by Fusarium brachygibbosum in Sonora, Mexico. J Plant Dis 99: 729-729. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-14-1073-PDN
Saleh AA, Sharafaddin AH, El_Komy MH, Ibrahim YE, Hamad YK, Molan YY. 2017. Fusarium species associated with date palm in Saudi Arabia. Eur J Plant Path 148: 367-377. DOI: 10.1007/s10658-016-1095-3
Shewry PR, Hey SJ. 2015. The contribution of wheat to human diet and health. J Food and Enr Sec 4: 178-202. https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.64
Siahpoush S, Darvishnia M. 2018. New fusarium species from poaceae in western Iran. Vegetos- Int J Plant Res 31: 1-8. DOI: 10.5958/2229-4473.2018.00066.6
Sousa E, Melo M, Mota J, Sousa E, Beserra Jr J, Matos K. 2017. First report of Fusarium falciforme (FSSC 3+ 4) causing root rot in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) in Brazil. J Plant Dis 101: 1954-1954. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-17-0657-PDN
Thokala P, Kamil D, Pandey P, Narayanasamy P, Mathur N. 2015. Combined approach of morphological and molecular diagnosis of Fusaria spp. causing diseases in crop plants. Pages 17-34. Rec Adva Diag and Mana of Plant Dis, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2571-3_3
Trabelsi R, Sellami H, Gharbi Y, Krid S, Cheffi M, Kammoun S, Dammak M, Mseddi A, Gdoura R, Triki MA. 2017. Morphological and molecular characterization of Fusarium spp. associated with olive trees dieback in Tunisia. 3 Biotech 7: 28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-016-0587-3
Tryon H. 1917. Report of the entomologist and vegetable pathologist. Rep Ent and Veg Path.: 49-63.
Wong L, Abramson D, Tekauz A, Leisle D, McKenzie R. 1995. Pathogenicity and mycotoxin production of Fusarium species causing head blight in wheat cultivars varying in resistance. Can J Plant Sci 75: 261-267. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-047
Xue AG, Armstrong KC, Voldeng HD, Fedak G, Babcock C. 2004. Comparative aggressiveness of isolates of Fusarium spp. causing head blight on wheat in Canada. Can J Plant Path 26: 81-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/07060660409507117
Aoki T, O’Donnell K, Geiser DM. 2014. Systematics of key phytopathogenic Fusarium species: current status and future challenges. J Gen Plant Path 80: 189-201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-014-0509-3
Basler R. 2016. Diversity of Fusarium species isolated from UK forage maize and the population structure of F. graminearum from maize and wheat. Peer J 4: e2143. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2143
Chehri K, Salleh B, Zakaria L. 2015. Morphological and phylogenetic analysis of Fusarium solani species complex in Malaysia. J Mic Eco 69: 457-471. DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0494-2
Davari M, Babai-Ahari A, Arzanlou M, Zare R, D Van Diepeningen A, De Hoog G. 2014. Morphological and molecular characterization of three new Fusarium species associated with inflorescence of wild grasses for Iran. Rostaniha DOI: 14: 124-134. 10.22092/BOTANY.2014.101281
El-Rabbat S, El-Maghraby O, El-Debaiky S, Haider A. 2018. Isolation and Molecular Identification of Fusarium Species from Some Cereal Grains and Their Products in Egypt. Int. J. Innov. Sci. Eng. Technol. ISSN 5: 2348-7968. DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2018.182.190
FAO. 2020. GIEWS - Global Information and Early Warning System: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available: http://www.fao.org/giews/countrybrief/country.jsp?code=IRQ
Gebremariam ES, Sharma-Poudyal D, Paulitz T, Erginbas-Orakci G, Karakaya A, Dababat A. 2018. Identity and pathogenicity of Fusarium species associated with crown rot on wheat (Triticum spp.) in Turkey. Eur J Plant Path 150: 387-399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-017-1285-7
Geiser DM, del Mar Jiménez-Gasco M, Kang S, Makalowska I, Veeraraghavan N, Ward TJ, Zhang N, Kuldau GA, O'donnell K. 2004. FUSARIUM-ID v. 1.0: a DNA sequence database for identifying Fusarium. Eur J Plant path 110: 473-479. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2285-2_2
Knutsen A, Torp M, Holst-Jensen A. 2004. Phylogenetic analyses of the Fusarium poae, Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium langsethiae species complex based on partial sequences of the translation elongation factor-1 alpha gene. Int J Food Mic 95: 287-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.12.007
Kreft M. 2016. Buckwheat phenolic metabolites in health and disease. Nutr Res Rev 29: 30-39. doi: 10.1017/S0954422415000190.
Kristensen R, Torp M, Kosiak B, Holst-Jensen A. 2005. Phylogeny and toxigenic potential is correlated in Fusarium species as revealed by partial translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene sequences. J Myc Res 109: 173-186. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204002114
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K. 2018. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. J Mol Bio Evo 35: 1547-1549. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msy096
Ledingham R, Atkinson T, Horricks J, Mills J, Piening L, Tinline R. 1973. Wheat losses due to common root rot in the prairie provinces of Canada, 1969-71. Can. Plant Dis. Surv 53: 113-122.
Leslie JF, Summerell BA. 2008. The Fusarium laboratory manual: John Wiley & Sons.
Minati MH, Mohammed-Ameen MK. 2019a. Novel report on six Fusarium species associated with head blight and crown rot of wheat in Basra province, Iraq. Bul Nat Res Cen 43: 139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-019-0173-z
Minati MH, Mohammed-Ameen MK. 2019b. Interaction between Fusarium head blight and crown rot disease incidence and cultural practices on wheat in the south of Iraq, Basra province. BulNat Res Cen 43: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-019-0257-9
Minati MH, Mohammed-Ameen MK. 2019c. Interaction between Fusarium Head Blight and Crown Rot Disease Incidence and Environmental Factors and Soil Physiochemical Analysis on Wheat in the South of Iraq, Basra Province. Kar Int J Mod Sci 5: 6. https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609X.1168
Minati MH, Mohammed-Ameen MK. 2019d. First Report of Three kinds of Mycotoxins Dioxynivalenol, Nivalenol and Fumonisin B2 in Seeds of Seven Wheat Cultivars in Iraq. Iraqi J Vet Med 43: 43-49. https://doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v43i1.469
Minati MH, Mohammed-Ameen MK. 2020. Co-occurrence of Fusarium head blight and crown rot on several wheat cultivars in the South of Iraq Basra Province. AIP Conference Proceedings 2213: 020001. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000108
Mirhosseini H, Babaeizad V, Hashemi L. 2014. First report of Fusarium brachygibbosum causing leaf spot on oleander in Iran. J Plant Path 96. DOI:10.4454/JPP.V96I2.002
Nelson PE, Toussoun TA, Marasas W. 1983. Fusarium species: an illustrated manual for identification.
Nelson PE, Dignani MC, Anaissie EJ. 1994. Taxonomy, biology, and clinical aspects of Fusarium species. Cli Mic Rev 7: 479-504. doi: 10.1128/cmr.7.4.479.
O'Donnell K, Kistler HC, Tacke BK, Casper HH. 2000. Gene genealogies reveal global phylogeographic structure and reproductive isolation among lineages of Fusarium graminearum, the fungus causing wheat scab. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97: 7905-7910. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.130193297
Polišenská I, Vaculová K, Jirsa O, Sedlá?ková I, Frydrych J. 2019. Yield and quality of two hulless barley varieties after inoculation with Fusarium culmorum. J Kva Pru l 65: 17-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18832/kp2019.65.17
Punja ZK, Scott C, Chen S. 2018. Root and crown rot pathogens causing wilt symptoms on field-grown marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) plants. Can J of plant path 40: 528-541. https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2018.1535470
Rentería-Martínez M, Meza-Moller A, Guerra-Camacho M, Romo-Tamayo F, Ochoa-Meza A, Moreno-Salazar S. 2015. First report of watermelon wilting caused by Fusarium brachygibbosum in Sonora, Mexico. J Plant Dis 99: 729-729. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-14-1073-PDN
Saleh AA, Sharafaddin AH, El_Komy MH, Ibrahim YE, Hamad YK, Molan YY. 2017. Fusarium species associated with date palm in Saudi Arabia. Eur J Plant Path 148: 367-377. DOI: 10.1007/s10658-016-1095-3
Shewry PR, Hey SJ. 2015. The contribution of wheat to human diet and health. J Food and Enr Sec 4: 178-202. https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.64
Siahpoush S, Darvishnia M. 2018. New fusarium species from poaceae in western Iran. Vegetos- Int J Plant Res 31: 1-8. DOI: 10.5958/2229-4473.2018.00066.6
Sousa E, Melo M, Mota J, Sousa E, Beserra Jr J, Matos K. 2017. First report of Fusarium falciforme (FSSC 3+ 4) causing root rot in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) in Brazil. J Plant Dis 101: 1954-1954. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-17-0657-PDN
Thokala P, Kamil D, Pandey P, Narayanasamy P, Mathur N. 2015. Combined approach of morphological and molecular diagnosis of Fusaria spp. causing diseases in crop plants. Pages 17-34. Rec Adva Diag and Mana of Plant Dis, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2571-3_3
Trabelsi R, Sellami H, Gharbi Y, Krid S, Cheffi M, Kammoun S, Dammak M, Mseddi A, Gdoura R, Triki MA. 2017. Morphological and molecular characterization of Fusarium spp. associated with olive trees dieback in Tunisia. 3 Biotech 7: 28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-016-0587-3
Tryon H. 1917. Report of the entomologist and vegetable pathologist. Rep Ent and Veg Path.: 49-63.
Wong L, Abramson D, Tekauz A, Leisle D, McKenzie R. 1995. Pathogenicity and mycotoxin production of Fusarium species causing head blight in wheat cultivars varying in resistance. Can J Plant Sci 75: 261-267. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-047
Xue AG, Armstrong KC, Voldeng HD, Fedak G, Babcock C. 2004. Comparative aggressiveness of isolates of Fusarium spp. causing head blight on wheat in Canada. Can J Plant Path 26: 81-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/07060660409507117
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