Short Communication: Assessment of Pteridophytes’ composition and conservation status in sacred groves of Jhargram District, South West Bengal, India
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Abstract. Uday UKS, Bhakat RK.. 2021. Short Communication: Assessment of Pteridophytes’ composition and conservation status in sacred groves of Jhargram District, South West Bengal, India. Biodiversitas 22: 3171-3178. Sacred groves are significant as community-preserved areas and have contributed to the conservation of biodiversity, thereby playing a key role in environmental management. The ecological and related cultural values of the species and the activities of local communities would make it possible to understand the importance of the protection of the sacred groves and also to prepare integrated approaches to biodiversity at the ecosystem level. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the status of pteridophyte diversity in the sacred groves of Jhargram district, West Bengal, India. The study showed that 77 pteridophyte species belonging to 44 genera and 15 families were collected and described, of which nine species were classified as Lycopodiopsida and sixty-eight species as Polypodiopsida. The floristic analysis revealed the dominance of the order Polypodiales (70.13%) followed by Aspleniaceae (23.38%), and Polypodiaceae (23.38%). The results also showed the predominance of the genera Selaginella with five species. Of the total species, 76.62% were terrestrial species, 14.29% were epiphytes, and 9.09% were aquatic species. The highest frequency is shown by Class C (25.97%) and major pteridophyte plants (81.81%) were not been evaluated till now.
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References
References
Anon. 2011. District Human Development Report. Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal. Paschim Medinipur, Kolkata, India.
Bharti M, Pravesh R. 2010. Diversity, distribution and conservation priorities for pteridophytic flora of Ranchi and Latehar district of Jharkhand, India. Bioscan 1: 123-133.
Bridson D, Forman L. 1998. The herbarium handbook (Vol. 3). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London.
Dixit RD. 1984. A census of the Indian pteridophytes. Botanical Survey of India, Howrah, India.
Dixit RD. 2000. Conspectus of pteridophytic diversity in India. Indian Fern Journal 17: 77-91.
Dixit RD, Vohra JN. 1984. A dictionary of the pteridophytes. Flora of India series-4, BSI, Howrah, India.
Durrani MJ, Razaq A, Muhammad SG, Hussain F. 2010. Floristic diversity, ecological, characteristics and ethnobotonical profile of plants of Aghberg rangelands, Balochistan, Pakistan. Pak J Plant Sci 16: 29-36.
Erickson R. 2020. Shimmering through a Christian Prism: Integration through covenant, ritual and mediation in the myths of Finn Mac Cumhaill and Siguror, facilitating their acquisitions of otherworldly knowledge (Master's thesis). University of Oslo, Oio.
Fraser-Jenkins CR. 1989. A monograph of Dryopteris (Pteridophyta: Dryopteridaceae) in the Indian subcontinent. Bull Brit Mus (Nat Hist) Bot 18(5): 323-477.
Fraser-Jenkins CR. 2008. Taxonomic revision of three hundred indian subcontinental pteridophytes with a revised census-list. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India.
Fraser-Jenkins CR. 2012. Rare and threatened pteridophytes of Asia 2. Endangered species of India - The higher IUCN categories. Bull Nati Mus Nat Sci 38(4): 153-181.
Fraser-Jenkins CR, Gandhi K, Kholia BS. 2019. An annotated checklist of Indian Pteridophytes. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, India.
Fraser-Jenkins CR, Gandhi KN, Kholia BS. 2018. An annotated checklist of Indian Pteridophytes. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, India.
Fraser-Jenkins CR, Gandhi KN, Kholia BS, Benniamin A. 2017. An annotated checklist of Indian Pteridophytes. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, India.
Heywood VH. 2017. Plant conservation in the anthropocene–challenges and future prospects. Plant Divers 39(6): 314-330.
IUCN 2021. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-1. <https://www.iucnredlist.org> Downloaded on March 27, 2021.
Khine PK, Schneider H. 2020. First assessment of pteridophytes composition and conservation status in Myanmar. Glob Ecol Conserv 22(1): e00995.
Kulkarni A, Upadhye A, Dahanukar N, Datar MN. 2018. Floristic uniqueness and effect of degradation on diversity: a case study of sacred groves from northern Western Ghats. Trop Ecol 59(1): 119-127.
Kumar SV, Kanwar S. 2020. Medicinal pteridophytes used in the treatment of various diseases by the inhabitants of Sarkaghat Tehsil, Mandi District, Himachal Pradesh. Int J Pharm Sci Res 12(3): 360-364.
Malati SNLS, Rao GMN. 2020. Distribution of pteridophytes along the Eastern Ghats of India-A Review. Int J Phar Biol Sci 15(2): 43-45.
Mandal KK, Kar T, Pattanaik C, Reddy CS. 2020. A census of pteridophytes in Eastern Ghats, India. Trop Plant Res 7(1): 117-125.
Muhammad M, Ismail ZS, Schneider H, Hawkins JA. 2020. Medicinal use of ferns: an ethnobotanical review. Sains Malays 49(5): 1003-1014.
Mutekwa VT, Gambiza J. 2016. Assessment of governance principles application in forest protected areas: the case of six state forests in western Zimbabwe. Int For Rev 18(4): 466-484.
Mwavu EN. 2007. Human impact, plant communities, diversity and regeneration in Budongo Forest Reserve, north-western Uganda, Ph. D thesis. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, SA.
Nayaka S, Upreti DK. 2004. Scope for cryptogamic studies in sacred groves - A case study of Lichens from Maharashtra. JETB 28(1): 209-212.
Oosting HJ. 1956. The study of plant community: An introduction to plant ecology. 2nd ed. W.H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco.
Padhy R, Dash SK, Padhy S. 2016. Pteridophyta diversity of South Odisha, India, with special reference to medico folk lore claims: A brief review. J Biodivers 7(1): 25-32.
Pfadenhauer JS, Klotzli FA. 2020. Global vegetation: Fundamentals, ecology and distribution. Springer Nature, Switzerland.
Pichi Sermolli RE. 1970. A provisional catalogue of the family names of living pteridophytes. Webbia 25(1): 219-297.
PPG I. 2016. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. JSE 54: 563-603.
Ramakrishnan PS, Rao KS, Chandrashekara UM, Chhetri N, Gupta HK, Patnaik S, Saxena KG, Sharma E, 2012. South Asia. In: Parrotta JA, Trosper RL (eds) Traditional forest-related knowledge: Sustaining communities, ecosystems and biocultural diversity. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 315-356.
Ramírez-Barahona S, Sauquet H, Magallon S. 2020. The delayed and geographically heterogeneous diversification of flowering plant families. Nat Ecol Evol 4(9): 1232-1238.
Rath S, Ormsby AA. 2020. Conservation through traditional knowledge: A review of research on the sacred groves of Odisha, India. Human Ecol 48(4): 455-463.
Raunkiaer C. 1918. Recherches statistiques sur les formations vegetales. Biol Med 1: 1-80.
Sangha KK, Preece L, Villarreal-Rosas J, Kegamba JJ, Paudyal K, Warmenhoven T, Rama Krishnan PS. 2018. An ecosystem services framework to evaluate Indigenous and local people’s connections with nature. Ecosyst Serv 31: 111-125.
Singh AP, Johari D, Khare PB. 2017. A checklist of the pteridophytes (ferns and fern-allies) of Uttar Pradesh, India. J Bombay Nat His Soc. DOI: 10.17087/jbnhs/2017/v114/121628.
Singh S. 2005. Pteridophytic flora of Central India. Ph.D. thesis, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, India.
Sureshkumar J, Silambarasan R, Bharati KA, Krupa J, Amalraj S, Ayyanar M. 2018. A review on ethnomedicinally important pteridophytes of India. J Ethnopharmacol 219: 269-287.
Swaine MD. 1996. Rainfall and soil fertility as factors limiting forest species distributions in Ghana. J Ecol 84: 419-428.
WCVP. 2021. World Checklist of Vascular Plants, version 2.0. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http://wcvp.science.kew.org/ Retrieved 07 March 2021.
Anon. 2011. District Human Development Report. Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal. Paschim Medinipur, Kolkata, India.
Bharti M, Pravesh R. 2010. Diversity, distribution and conservation priorities for pteridophytic flora of Ranchi and Latehar district of Jharkhand, India. Bioscan 1: 123-133.
Bridson D, Forman L. 1998. The herbarium handbook (Vol. 3). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London.
Dixit RD. 1984. A census of the Indian pteridophytes. Botanical Survey of India, Howrah, India.
Dixit RD. 2000. Conspectus of pteridophytic diversity in India. Indian Fern Journal 17: 77-91.
Dixit RD, Vohra JN. 1984. A dictionary of the pteridophytes. Flora of India series-4, BSI, Howrah, India.
Durrani MJ, Razaq A, Muhammad SG, Hussain F. 2010. Floristic diversity, ecological, characteristics and ethnobotonical profile of plants of Aghberg rangelands, Balochistan, Pakistan. Pak J Plant Sci 16: 29-36.
Erickson R. 2020. Shimmering through a Christian Prism: Integration through covenant, ritual and mediation in the myths of Finn Mac Cumhaill and Siguror, facilitating their acquisitions of otherworldly knowledge (Master's thesis). University of Oslo, Oio.
Fraser-Jenkins CR. 1989. A monograph of Dryopteris (Pteridophyta: Dryopteridaceae) in the Indian subcontinent. Bull Brit Mus (Nat Hist) Bot 18(5): 323-477.
Fraser-Jenkins CR. 2008. Taxonomic revision of three hundred indian subcontinental pteridophytes with a revised census-list. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India.
Fraser-Jenkins CR. 2012. Rare and threatened pteridophytes of Asia 2. Endangered species of India - The higher IUCN categories. Bull Nati Mus Nat Sci 38(4): 153-181.
Fraser-Jenkins CR, Gandhi K, Kholia BS. 2019. An annotated checklist of Indian Pteridophytes. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, India.
Fraser-Jenkins CR, Gandhi KN, Kholia BS. 2018. An annotated checklist of Indian Pteridophytes. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, India.
Fraser-Jenkins CR, Gandhi KN, Kholia BS, Benniamin A. 2017. An annotated checklist of Indian Pteridophytes. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, India.
Heywood VH. 2017. Plant conservation in the anthropocene–challenges and future prospects. Plant Divers 39(6): 314-330.
IUCN 2021. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-1. <https://www.iucnredlist.org> Downloaded on March 27, 2021.
Khine PK, Schneider H. 2020. First assessment of pteridophytes composition and conservation status in Myanmar. Glob Ecol Conserv 22(1): e00995.
Kulkarni A, Upadhye A, Dahanukar N, Datar MN. 2018. Floristic uniqueness and effect of degradation on diversity: a case study of sacred groves from northern Western Ghats. Trop Ecol 59(1): 119-127.
Kumar SV, Kanwar S. 2020. Medicinal pteridophytes used in the treatment of various diseases by the inhabitants of Sarkaghat Tehsil, Mandi District, Himachal Pradesh. Int J Pharm Sci Res 12(3): 360-364.
Malati SNLS, Rao GMN. 2020. Distribution of pteridophytes along the Eastern Ghats of India-A Review. Int J Phar Biol Sci 15(2): 43-45.
Mandal KK, Kar T, Pattanaik C, Reddy CS. 2020. A census of pteridophytes in Eastern Ghats, India. Trop Plant Res 7(1): 117-125.
Muhammad M, Ismail ZS, Schneider H, Hawkins JA. 2020. Medicinal use of ferns: an ethnobotanical review. Sains Malays 49(5): 1003-1014.
Mutekwa VT, Gambiza J. 2016. Assessment of governance principles application in forest protected areas: the case of six state forests in western Zimbabwe. Int For Rev 18(4): 466-484.
Mwavu EN. 2007. Human impact, plant communities, diversity and regeneration in Budongo Forest Reserve, north-western Uganda, Ph. D thesis. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, SA.
Nayaka S, Upreti DK. 2004. Scope for cryptogamic studies in sacred groves - A case study of Lichens from Maharashtra. JETB 28(1): 209-212.
Oosting HJ. 1956. The study of plant community: An introduction to plant ecology. 2nd ed. W.H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco.
Padhy R, Dash SK, Padhy S. 2016. Pteridophyta diversity of South Odisha, India, with special reference to medico folk lore claims: A brief review. J Biodivers 7(1): 25-32.
Pfadenhauer JS, Klotzli FA. 2020. Global vegetation: Fundamentals, ecology and distribution. Springer Nature, Switzerland.
Pichi Sermolli RE. 1970. A provisional catalogue of the family names of living pteridophytes. Webbia 25(1): 219-297.
PPG I. 2016. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. JSE 54: 563-603.
Ramakrishnan PS, Rao KS, Chandrashekara UM, Chhetri N, Gupta HK, Patnaik S, Saxena KG, Sharma E, 2012. South Asia. In: Parrotta JA, Trosper RL (eds) Traditional forest-related knowledge: Sustaining communities, ecosystems and biocultural diversity. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 315-356.
Ramírez-Barahona S, Sauquet H, Magallon S. 2020. The delayed and geographically heterogeneous diversification of flowering plant families. Nat Ecol Evol 4(9): 1232-1238.
Rath S, Ormsby AA. 2020. Conservation through traditional knowledge: A review of research on the sacred groves of Odisha, India. Human Ecol 48(4): 455-463.
Raunkiaer C. 1918. Recherches statistiques sur les formations vegetales. Biol Med 1: 1-80.
Sangha KK, Preece L, Villarreal-Rosas J, Kegamba JJ, Paudyal K, Warmenhoven T, Rama Krishnan PS. 2018. An ecosystem services framework to evaluate Indigenous and local people’s connections with nature. Ecosyst Serv 31: 111-125.
Singh AP, Johari D, Khare PB. 2017. A checklist of the pteridophytes (ferns and fern-allies) of Uttar Pradesh, India. J Bombay Nat His Soc. DOI: 10.17087/jbnhs/2017/v114/121628.
Singh S. 2005. Pteridophytic flora of Central India. Ph.D. thesis, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, India.
Sureshkumar J, Silambarasan R, Bharati KA, Krupa J, Amalraj S, Ayyanar M. 2018. A review on ethnomedicinally important pteridophytes of India. J Ethnopharmacol 219: 269-287.
Swaine MD. 1996. Rainfall and soil fertility as factors limiting forest species distributions in Ghana. J Ecol 84: 419-428.
WCVP. 2021. World Checklist of Vascular Plants, version 2.0. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http://wcvp.science.kew.org/ Retrieved 07 March 2021.