Biological control of Sclerotinia minor attack on pyrethrum plants by Trichoderma harzianum in glasshouse experiment

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

YAN RAMONA
IDA BAGUS GEDE DARMAYASA
MARTIN A. LINE

Abstract

Abstract. Ramona Y, Darmayasa IBG, Line MA. 2022. Biological control of Sclerotinia minor attack on pyrethrum plants by Trichoderma harzianum in glasshouse experiment. Biodiversitas 23: 3264-3269. The aim of this research was to elucidate the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum (isolate Td22) grown in a ratio of 2:8 millet seeds and wood fiber waste (WFW) compost mixture to suppress Sclerotinia minor infection in pot trails on the pyrethrum plants (in 0.5 L pots). The pots were filled with soil and mixed with Td22-grown WFW compost to obtain a concentration of 5% v/v. The S. minor (fungal pathogen) previously grown in millet seeds amounted at 2.0 g per pot, was then evenly inoculated at 2 cm below the surface of potting mix. Soil without compost amendment, amended with pathogen only, or without pathogen inoculation served as controls. All pots were acclimatized for 4 days in a shade house prior to transplanting (4 seedlings per pot) of pyrethrum seedlings (aged of 3 weeks). Eight replications per treatment were run for 8 weeks. The results showed that 5% v/v compost-grown Td22 provided 78% protection to pyrethrum plants at week 8. Each surviving plant in Td22-treated pots also showed significantly higher average dry weight (p<0.05) than those planted in S. minor control treatment, indicating that Td22 has a potential to be developed as a novel fungal antagonist or a plant growth-promoting fungus.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

References
Alfiky A, Weisskopf L. 2021. Deciphering Trichoderma–Plant–Pathogen Interactions for Better Development of Biocontrol Applications. Journal of Fungi. 7(1): 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7010061
B?aszczyk L, Siwulski M, Sobieralski K, Lisiecka J, and J?dryczka M. 2014. Trichoderma spp. – application and prospects for use in organic farming and industry. Journal of Plant Protection Research 54 (4): 309 – 317.
Colak Ates A. 2019. Effect of Coniothyrium minitans and Trichoderma harzianum in the biological control of white mold disease (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. 17(6): 15687-15701. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1706_1568715701
Hahm SS, Kim BR, Han KS, Kwon MK, and Park IH. 2017. Sclerotinia rot on basil caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Korea. Res. Plant Dis. 23(1): 56-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5423/RPD.2017.23.1.56
Halifu S, Deng X, Song X, Song R. 2019. Effects of Two Trichoderma Strains on Plant Growth, Rhizosphere Soil Nutrients, and Fungal Community of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Annual Seedlings. Forests. 10(9):758. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10090758
Hasanah Y, Mawarni L, Hanum H, Hanum C, and Nasution MR. The role of Magnesium Sulphate in the formation of chlorophyll and density of stomata of soybean varieties (Glycine max (L.) Merril). IOP Conference. Series: Earth and Environmental Sciences. 454. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/454/1/012158
Hidangmayum A and Dwivedi P. 2018. Plant Responses to Trichoderma spp. and their Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 7(1): 758-766. DOI: https://www.phytojournal.com/archives?year=2018&vol=7&issue=1&ArticleId=2575
Huang M, Hull CM. 2017. Sporulation: how to survive on planet Earth (and beyond). Curr Genet. 63(5): 831-838. DOI:10.1007/s00294-017-0694-7
Ivayani1, Ginting C, Yusnita, and Dirmawati SR. 2018. Effectiveness ao the application of organic matter and Trichoderma viridae from suppressive soil to control Fusarium wilt on banana plant. J. HPT Tropika. 18(2): 119 – 126. DOI: 10.23960/j.hptt.218119-126
Joos L, Herren GL, Couvreur M, Binnemans I, Oni FE, Ho¨fte M, Debode J, Bert W, and Steel H. 2020. Compost is a carrier medium for Trichoderma harzianum. BioControl. 65:737–749. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-020-10040-z(0123456789().,-volV()0123456789().,-volV
Leggett M, Leland J, Kellar K, and Epp B. 2011. Formulation of microbial biocontrol agents – an industrial perspective. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 33(2): 101-107. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2011.563050
Macdonald WL. 1995. Pyrethrum flowers –Production in Australia. Pages 55-66 in: Pyrethrum Flowers: Chemistry, Toxicology and Plant Disease / September 2008 1271 Uses. J. E. Casida and G. B. Quistad, eds. Oxford University Press, New York.
Martanto AE, Tanati AE, Baan S, Tata HR, Murdjako A. 2020. Effectiveness of biological control of Trichodermaharzianumon soybean leaf rust disease and the productionin West Papua Lowland, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. 21(5):
-1939. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210521
Metcalf DA. 1997. Biological control of onion white root rot. Ph.D Thesis. School of Agricultural Science. The University of Tasmania-Australia.
Muñoz Torres P, Cárdenas S, Arismendi Macuer M, Huanacuni N, Huanca-Mamani W, Cifuentes D, Sepúlveda Chavera GF. 2021. The Endophytic Pseudomonas sp. S57 for plant-growth promotion and the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi and nematodes. Plants.10(8):1531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10081531
Natrass, R. M. 1950. Pyrethrum wilt in Kenya caused by Sclerotinia minor. East Afr. Agric. J. 16:53
Nurzannah SE, Purnamasari I, Siagian DR, and Ramija KEL. 2022. Potential of Trichoderma and mycorrhizae as biological agents for controlling Ganoderma boninense in oil palm. IOP Conference. Series: Earth and Environmental Sciences. 974 012097. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/974/1/012097.
Oszust K, Cybulska J, Fr?c M. 2020. How Do Trichoderma genus fungi win a nutritional competition battle against soft fruit pathogens? A Report on Niche Overlap Nutritional Potentiates. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21(12): 4235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124235
Ramona Y and Line MA. 2002. Potential for the large scale production of a biocontrol fungus in raw and composted paper mill waste. Compost Science and Utilization. 10(1): pp. 57-62.
Ramona Y.2003. Assessment of some antagonists to fungal plant pathogens. Ph. D. Thesis. School of Agricultural Science. The University of Tasmania-Australia.
Silva RN, Monteiro VN, Steindorff AS, Gomes EV, Noronha EF, and. Ulhoa CJ. 2019. Trichoderma/pathogen/plant interaction in pre-harvest food security. Fungal Biology. 123: 565-583. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2019.06.010
Smoli?ska U, Kowalska B. 2018. Biological control of the soil-borne fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum –– a review. J Plant Pathol. 100: 1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-018-0023-0
Sriwati R, Chamzurni T, Razi F, Syaifullah, Yunita, Oktarina H, Harnely E, Amalia, and Bassalah M. 2022. Evaluating the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus thuringiensis on induce the plant growth and resistance of local variety patchouli under covered and uncovered seedlings methods. IOP Conference. Series: Earth and Environmental Sciences. 951. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012106
Sood M, Kapoor D, Kumar V, Sheteiwy MS, Ramakrishnan M, Landi M, Araniti F, Sharma A. 2020. Trichoderma: The “Secrets” of a multitalented biocontrol agent. Plants. 9(6): 762. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9060762
Tancic Zivanov S, Jocic S, and Mikli V. 2016. Efficacy of Trichoderma spp. isolates against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on sunflower seedlings. 19th International Sunflower Conference, Edirne, Turkey. 1 – 7.
Tränkner M, Tavakol E, and Jákli B. 2018. Functioning of potassium and magnesium in photosynthesis, photosynthate translocation and photoprotection. Physiologia Plantarum 163: 414–431. DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12747
Tozlu E, Mohammadi P, Kotan MS, Nadaroglu H, Kotan R. 2016. Biological Control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, the Causal Agent of White Mould Disease in Red Cabbage, by Some Bacteria. Plant Protect. Sci. 52(2): 188–198. DOI: 10.17221/96/2015-PPS
Tyagi S, Lee KJ, Shukla P, and Chae JC. 2020. Dimethyl disulfide exerts antifungal activity against Sclerotinia minor by damaging its membrane and induces systemic resistance in host plants. Natureresearch. 10:6547. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63382-0
Urbina-Salazar A, Inca-Torres, A.R., Falcón-García, G. et al. Chitinase Production by Trichoderma harzianum Grown on a Chitin-Rich Mushroom Byproduct Formulated Medium. Waste Biomass Valor 10, 2915–2923 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0328-4
Yu Y, Gui Y, Li Z, Jiang C, Guo J, Niu D. 2022. Induced systemic resistance for improving plant immunity by beneficial microbes. Plants. 11(3): 386. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030386
Yusnawan E, Inayati A, Baliadi Y. 2019. Isolation of antagonistic fungi from rhizospheres and its biocontrol activity against different isolates of soil borne fungal pathogens infected legumes. Biodiversitas. 20(7): 2048-2054. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200735.