Seed morphometry of Rheum L. (Polygonaceae) species from Kazakhstan and its implications in taxonomy and species identification

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

AIDAR A. SUMBEMBAYEV
OLGA A. LAGUS
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7178-2888
SŁAWOMIR NOWAK
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-1023

Abstract

Abstract. Sumbembayev AA, Lagus OA, Nowak S. 2023. Seed morphometry of Rheum L. (Polygonaceae) species from Kazakhstan and its implications in taxonomy and species identification. Biodiversitas 24: 4677-4692. In the article, the evaluation of morphometric and weight parameters of seeds of 7 species of the genus Rheum L. from Kazakhstan is presented, as well as an analysis of their biometric parameters from different ecological and geographical habitats. The purpose of the study was to determine the variability of the seeds of the studied taxa and the importance of the results in determining the taxonomic relationships within the genus. The external structure was described for all species of the genus. Seeds of all studied species are illustrated with photos and scale drawings, and their features are summarized in a table. Stable and taxonomically significant features were identified for the species of the section Ribesiformia, represented by R. cordatum and R. maximowiczii, allowing their identification. The correlation between seed metric parameters and environmental conditions of the site and growth area was established and found a significant relationship between morphometric data and most of the environmental factors studied. The low adaptive potential of rhubarb species in Kazakhstan and the species' narrow ecological range were found. The comparison of the results obtained with the taxonomic relationships and phylogeny of representatives of the genus are briefly discussed.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

References
Aidarkhanova GS, Kubentayev SA, Kukhar YV, Urazalina AS. 2022. Current state of populations, resources, and biological activity Pulsatilla patens (Ranunculaceae) in Northern Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas. 23(5). DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230509
Abdulina SA. 1999. Checklist of vascular plants of Kazakhstan. Institute of Botany and Plant Introduction, Almaty.
Bai RZ, Zhao F, Drew BT, Xu G, Cai J, Shen SK, Xiang CL. 2023. Seed morphology of Hypericum (Hypericaceae) in China and its taxonomic significance. Micros Res Tech DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24372
Baradaran B, Jafari A. 2014. Rheum neyshabourense sp. nov. (Polygonaceae) from Iran. Nord J Bot, 32(6), 723-725. DOI: 10.1111/njb.00468
Bhardwaj R, Sood M. 2020. Morphological, phenological and seed germination studies in Rheum australe D Don: An endangered medicinal plant. J Pharmacog Phytochem, 9(5), 2003-2006.
Bojian B, Grabovskaya-Borodina AE. 2003. Rheum. Flora of China 5: 341-350.
Dagarova SS, Sitpayeva GT, Pak JH, Kim JS. 2017. The complete plastid genome sequence of Rheum wittrockii (Polygonaceae), endangered species of Kazakhstan. Mitoch DNA Part B, 2(2), 516-517. DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2017.1361359
Eshibaev A, Aimenova Z, Akynova L, Nurseitova L, Kopabaeva A. 2021. The population status of Lagochilus setulosus Vved. and its biochemical composition. Ecol Quest, 32(2), 111-118. DOI: 10.12775/EQ.2021.018
Flora of the U.S.S.R. 1934. Vol. 1 Archegoniatae and Embryophyta. Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 379-392.
Gabr DG. 2018. Significance of fruit and seed coat morphology in taxonomy and identification for some species of Brassicaceae. Amer J Plant Sci, 9(03), 380. DOI:10.4236/ajps.2018.93030
Ghorbani A, Amiri MS, Hosseini A. 2019. Pharmacological properties of Rheum turkestanicum Janisch. Heliyon, 5(6). DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01986
Hu Y, Zhang H, Qian Q, Lin G, Wang J, Sun J, Li W. 2022. The Potential Roles of Unique Leaf Structure for the Adaptation of Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf. in Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Plants, 11(4), 512. DOI: 10.3390/plants11040512
Ilcim A, Karahan F. 2020. Rheum telianum (Polygonaceae), a new species from Southeastern Anatolia (Turkey). Phytotaxa, 477(1), 81-89. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.477.1.6
Jafari A, Taheri G, Baradaran B, Bahrami AR. 2012. Rheum khorasanicum (Polygonaceae), a new species from Iran. Ann Bot Fen. Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 255-258. DOI: 10.5735/085.049.0406
Kandari LS, Rao KS, Payal KC, Maikhuri RK, Chandra A, Van Staden J. 2012. Conservation of aromatic medicinal plant Rheum emodi through improved seed germination. Seed Sci Tech, 40(1), 95-101. DOI: 10.15258/sst.2012.40.1.10
Khan MI, Pandith SA, Salika R, Shah MA, Malik AH, Reshi ZA. 2019. Rheum moorcroftianum (Polygonaceae) in Kashmir Himalaya. Phytotaxa, 405(5), 269-275. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.405.5.6
Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J, Liudvytska O. 2021. Rheum rhaponticum and Rheum rhabarbarum: A review of phytochemistry, biological activities and therapeutic potential. Phytochem Rev, 20, 589-607. DOI: 10.1007/s11101-020-09715-3
Kong MJ, Song JH, An BC, Son SW, Suh GU, Chung MJ, Hong SP. 2018. A comparative study of achene morphology in Korean Polygonaceae. Bang J Plant Taxon, 25(2). DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v25i2.39536
Li AR. 1998. Polygonaceae. Pp. 108–117 in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, Vol. 25(1). Science Press, Beijing.
Li W, Wang A. 2020. Phylogeny of Rheum (Polygonaceae) based on CPDNA TRNS-G sequences. Pak J Bot, 52(4), 1345-1351. DOI: 10.30848/PJB2020-4(43
Libert B, Englund R. 1989. Present distribution and ecology of Rheum rhaponticum (Polygonaceae). Willdenowia, 91-98.
Lozina-Lozinskaya A. 1936. Polygonaceae. In: Komarov VL (ed) Flora of USSR 5. Izdate?stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow (in Russian).
MacAdam DL. 1974. Uniform color scales. JOSA, 64(12), 1691-1702.
Martin AC. 1946. The comparative internal morphology of seeds. Amer Midl Nat, 36 (3), 513-660.
Martín-Gómez JJ, Rewicz A, Cervantes E. 2019. Seed shape diversity in families of the order Ranunculales. Phytotaxa,425(4), 193-207. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.425.4.1
Martín-Gómez JJ, Rewicz A, Rodríguez-Lorenzo JL, Janoušek B, Cervantes E. 2020. Seed morphology in Silene based on geometric models. Plants, 9(12), 1787. DOI: 10.3390/plants9121787
Mohtashami L, Amiri MS, Ayati Z, Ramezani M, Jamialahmadi T, Emami SA, Sahebkar A. 2021. Ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of different Rheum species (Polygonaceae): a review. Pharm Prop Plant-Der Nat Prod Impl Human Health, 309-352. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64872-5_22
Orazov A, Myrzagaliyeva A, Mukhitdinov N, Tustubayeva S. 2022. Callus induction with 6-BAP and IBA as a way to preserve Prunus ledebouriana (Rosaceae), and endemic plant of Altai and Tarbagatai, East Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas, 23(6). DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230645
Paul P, Chowdhury M. 2020. Pollen morphology of selected Indian species from subfamily Polygonoidae (Polygonaceae). Biologia, 75(8), 1083-1095. DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00449-3
POWO. 2023. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet.
Rashid N, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Memon RA, Akhter MS, Malik K, Shah SN. 2021. Seed morphology: An addition to the taxonomy of Astragaleae and Trifolieae (Leguminosae: Papilionoidae) from Pakistan. Micros Res Tech, 84(5), 1053-1062. DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23666
Red Book of Kazakhstan. 2014. Ed. 2nd, revised and enlarged. Volume 2: Plants (team of authors). Astana (in Russian).
Rewicz A, Marciniuk J, Marciniuk P. 2020. Achene micromorphology and its taxonomic significance in some species in Taraxacum sect. Palustria (Asteraceae). PhytoKeys, 166, 1. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.166.54271
Rewicz A, Kolanowska M, Kras M, Szlachetko DL. 2022. Preliminary studies on variation in the micromorphology of the seed coat in Habenaria sl (Orchidaceae) and relatives. Bot J Lin Soc, 200(1), 104-115. DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boac007
Ruirui L, Wang A, Tian X, Wang D, Liu J. 2010. Uniformity of karyotypes in Rheum (Polygonaceae), a species-rich genus in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions. Caryologia, 63(1), 82-90. DOI: 10.1080/00087114.2010.10589711
Sanchez A, Schuster TM, Burke JM, Kron KA. 2011. Taxonomy of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): a new tribal classification. Taxon, 60(1), 151-160. DOI: 10.1002/tax.601013
Sharma RK, Sharma S. 2017. Seed longevity, germination and seedling vigour of Rheum australe D. Don: A step towards conservation and cultivation. J Appl Res Med Arom Plants, 5, 47-52. DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2016.10.004
Shukla V, Thapliyal J. 2021. Effect of toxic metals on seed germination of Rheum emodi (Wall. Ex Meissn), a rare medicinal plant of Garhwal Himalaya. J Stress Phys Biochem, 17(2), 55-65.
Song B, Stöcklin J, Peng D, Gao Y, Sun H. 2015. The bracts of the alpine ‘glasshouse’ plant Rheum alexandrae (Polygonaceae) enhance reproductive fitness of its pollinating seed-consuming mutualist. Bot J Lin Soc, 179(2), 349-359. DOI: 10.1111/boj.12312
Song B, Stöcklin J, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Sun H. 2013a. Seed and microsite limitation in Rheum nobile, a rare and endemic plant from the subnival zone of Sino-Himalaya. Plant Ecol Div, 6(3-4), 503-509. DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2013.788568
Song B, Zhang ZQ, Stöcklin J, Yang Y, Niu Y, Chen JG, Sun H. 2013. Multifunctional bracts enhance plant fitness during flowering and seed development in Rheum nobile (Polygonaceae), a giant herb endemic to the high Himalayas. Oecologia, 172, 359-370. DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2518-2
Sumbembayev AA, Abugalieva SI, Danilova AN, Matveyeva EV, Szlachetko DL. 2021. A flower morphometry of members of the genus Dactylorhiza Necker ex Nevski (Orchidaceae) from the Altai Mountains of Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas, 22(8). DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220855
Sumbembayev A, Tergenbaeva Z, Kudabayeva G, Tashmetova R, Genievskaya Y, Szlachetko D. 2022. Assessment of state of Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Orchidaceae) populations from the Altai mountains of Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas, 23(9). DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230903
Sun Y, Wang A, Wan D, Wang Q, Liu J. 2012. Rapid radiation of Rheum (Polygonaceae) and parallel evolution of morphological traits. Mol Phyl Evol, 63(1), 150-158. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.002
Suthar SH, Das SK. 1996. Some physical properties of karingda [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb) Mansf] seeds. J Agric Engin Res, 65(1), 15-22. DOI: 10.1006/jaer.1996.0075
Tabin S, Kamili AN, Gupta RC. 2016. Morphological studies and development of ex-situ protocol for rehabilitation of threatened Rheum species under nursery conditions. Current Botany, 7, 17-26. DOI: 10.19071/cb.2016.v7.3045
Tan L, Ji T, Jiang G, Hu F. 2019. Simultaneous identification and quantification of five flavonoids in the seeds of Rheum palmatum L. by using accelerated solvent extraction and HPLC–PDA–ESI/MSn. Arab J Chem, 12(7), 1345-1352. DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.10.038
Tichý L, Axmanová I, Dengler J, Guarino R, Jansen F, Midolo G, Chytrý M. 2023. Ellenberg?type indicator values for European vascular plant species. J Veg Sci, 34(1), e13168. DOI: 10.1111/jvs.13168
Tupitsyna NN. 2012. Revision of Polygonaceae Juss. in the flora of southern part of Krasnoyarsk region. Turczaninowia 15(2): 44-48.
Vesselova P, Makhmudova K, Kudabayeva G, Osmonali B, Mikhalev V. 2022. Current growth conditions of Populus diversifolia Schrenk and Populus pruinosa Schrenk in the Syr-Darya Valley. OnLine J Biol. Sci, 22, 425-438. DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2022.425.438
Wan DS, Sun YS, Zhang X, Bai XT, Wang J, Wang AL, Milne R. 2014. Multiple ITS copies reveal extensive hybridization within Rheum (Polygonaceae), a genus that has undergone rapid radiation. PLoS One 9: e89769. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089769
Wang A, Yang M, Liu J. 2005. Molecular phylogeny, recent radiation and evolution of gross morphology of the rhubarb genus Rheum (Polygonaceae) inferred from chloroplast DNA trn LF sequences. Ann Bot, 96(3), 489-498. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mci201
Wang XM, Hou XQ, Zhang YQ, LiY. 2014. Morphological variation in leaf dissection of Rheum palmatum complex (Polygonaceae). PloS one, 9(10), e110760. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110760
Wani IA, Verma S, Ahmad P, El-Serehy HA, Hashim MJ. 2022. Reproductive biology of Rheum webbianum Royle, a vulnerable medicinal herb from alpines of North-Western Himalaya. Front Plant Sci, 13, 699645. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.699645
Yang M, Zhang D, Zheng J, Liu J. 2001. Pollen morphology and its systematic and ecological significance in Rheum (Polygonaceae) from China. Nord J Bot, 21(4), 411-418. DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2001.tb00789.x
Zhang HJ, Zhang X, Landis JB, Sun YX, Sun J, Kuang TH, Wang HC. 2022. Phylogenomic and comparative analyses of Rheum (Polygonaceae, Polygonoideae). J Syst Evol, 60(6), 1229-1240. DOI: 10.1111/jse.12814
Zhao B, Li J, Yuan R, Mao S. 2017. Adaptive evolution of the rbc L gene in the genus Rheum (Polygonaceae). Biotech & Biotech Equip, 31(3), 493-498. DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1288072
Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Grout BW. 2008. Alterations in flower and seed morphologies and meiotic chromosome behaviors of micropropagated rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum L.) ‘PC49’. Sci Hort, 116(2), 162-168. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2007.11.007