The growth performance of Kandelia candel hypocotyl cuttings seedlings for mangrove rehabilitation in Indonesia
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Issue
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Abstract. Nugraha LA, Kusmana C, Hartoyo APP. 2024. The growth performance of Kandelia candel hypocotyl cuttings seedlings for mangrove rehabilitation in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2683-2695. Kandelia candel (L.) Druce is one of the mangrove species threatened with extinction and continues to decline in number yearly in Indonesia. Effective and efficient propagation techniques are urgently needed to reduce the risk of extinction and accelerate the rehabilitation of this mangrove species. This study aimed to analyze the growth performance of K. candel hypocotyl cuttings and determine the best combination treatments. The type of this study was experimentally carried out in a greenhouse. The experimental design was a completely randomized three-factor factorial design with three factors and three replications for each factor: hypocotyl cuttings, planting media, and growth regulators. Based on the variance test resulted in the interaction between the hypocotyl cutting, planting media, and plant growth regulator had a significant effect on seedling height, number of leaves, total weight biomass, sturdiness quotient, and Dickson Quality Index at the 5% test level. The experiment was a success, with all combinations of treatments showing a survival rate of 100%. The best growth of hypocotyl cuttings was found by combining the bottom part of hypocotyl, mud + sand planting media, and a plant growth regulator of 15,000 ppm. The hypocotyl-cutting method can be an alternative method to provide quality seedlings for mangrove rehabilitation activities.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
References
Arifanti VB, Novita N, Tosiani A. 2021. Mangrove deforestation and CO2 emissions in Indonesia. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 874: 012006. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/874/1/012006.
Bai L, Deng H, Zhang X, Yu X, Li Y. 2016. Gibberellin is involved in inhibition of cucumber growth and nitrogen uptake at suboptimal root-zone temperatures. PLoS One 11 (5): e0156188. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156188.
Batista RO, Eduardo A, Neto F, Fernanda SD, Eccetti C, Viana CS. 2016. Root morphology and nutrient uptake kinetics by Australian cedar clones. Rev Caatinga 29 (1): 153-162. DOI: 10.1590/1983-21252016v29n118rc.
Bellini C, Pacurar DI, Perrone I. 2014. Adventitious roots and lateral roots: Similarities and differences. Ann Rev Plant Biol 65: 639-666. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050213-035645.
Das B, Bindi. 2014. Physical and chemical analysis of soil collected from Jaisamand. Univers J Environ Res Technol 4 (5): 260-264.
Das SC, Pullaiah, Ashton EC. 2022. Mangroves: Biodiversity, Livelihoods and Conservation. Springer, Singapore. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0519-3.
Dickson A, Leaf AL, Hosner JF. 1960. Quality appraisal of white spruce and white pine seedling stock in nurseries. For Chron 36: 10-13. DOI: 10.5558/tfc36010-1.
Dushimimana C, Magomere T, Mulatya J, Vandenebeele J, Olubayo F, Smagghe G, Werbrouck SPO. 2022. Variation of morphological traits and quality indices of micropropagated Melia volkensii Gürke clones before field planting. Forests 13 (2): 337. DOI: 10.3390/f13020337.
Gehlot A, Gupta RK, Tripathi A, Arya ID, Arya S. 2014. Vegetative propagation of Azadirachta indica: Effect of auxin and rooting media on adventitious root induction in mini-cuttings. Adv For Sci 1 (1): 1-9. DOI: 10.34062/afs.v1i1.1357.
Grossnickle SC, MacDonald JE. 2018. Why seedlings grow: Influence of plant attributes. New For 49: 1-34. DOI: 10.1007/s11056-017-9606-4.
Hailu H, Mamo T, Keskinen R, Karltun E, Gebrekidan H, Bekele T. 2015. Soil fertility status and wheat nutrient content in Vertisol cropping systems of central highlands of Ethiopia. Agric Food Secur 4: 19. DOI: 10.1186/s40066-015-0038-0.
Hamilton SE, Casey D. 2016. Creation of high spatiotemporal resolution global database of continuous mangrove forest cover for the 21st century (CGMFC-21). Glob Ecol Biogeogr 25 (6): 729-738. DOI: 10.1111/geb.12449.
Hu W, Coomer TD, Loka DA, Oosterhuis DM, Zhou Z. 2017. Potassium deficiency affects the carbon-nitrogen balance in cotton leaves. Plant Physiol Biochem 115: 408-417. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.04.005.
Huang P, de-Bashan L, Crocker T, Kloepper JW, Bashan Y. 2017. Evidence that fresh weight measurement is imprecise for reporting the effect of plant growth-promoting (rhizo) bacteria on growth promotion of crop plants. Biol Fertil Soils 53: 199-208. DOI: 10.1007/s00374-016-1160-2.
Isnani S, Masjud YI. 2024. Atmospheric carbon dioxide uptake by mangrove trees. Mangrove Watch 1 (1): 27-32. DOI: 10.61511/mangrove.v1i1.2024.657.
Kusmana C, Hidayat T, Istomo, Rusdiana O. 2018. Growth performance of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza derived from cut-propagule seedling. Biodiversitas 19 (1): 208-214. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190128.
Lai HY, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Liang H, Yu S, Zhang K, Zhang L, Shui BN. 2021. Study on the early growth characteristics of Kandelia candel plantation in Yanpu Bay, Cangnan, Zhejiang Province. For Res 34 (4): 156-165. DOI: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2021.04.019.
Lavieren HV, Spalding M, Alongi DA, Kainuma M, Godt MC, Adeel Z. 2015. Securing the Future of Mangroves. Institute for Water, Environment and Health, United Nations University, Hamilton.
Löf M, Madsen P, Metslaid M, Witzell J, Jacobs DF. 2019. Restoring forests: Regeneration and ecosystem function for the future. New For 50: 139-151. DOI: 10.1007/s11056-019-09713-0.
Majumder SP, Chaitanya AK, Datta A, Padhan D, Badole S, Mandal B. 2018. Dynamics of carbon and nitrogen in agricultural soils: Role of organic and inorganic sources. In: Muñoz MÁ, Zornoza R (eds). Soil Management and Climate Change. Academic Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-812128-3.00011-2.
Malabrigo Jr. PL, Pasion BO. 2022. Survival and growth performance of planted Kandelia candel (L.) Druce stand in the Philippines. Philipp J Sci 151 (1): 263-273. DOI: 10.56899/151.01.19.
Marisa H, Sarno, Ridho MR, Indriani DP, Wulansari P. 2020. Kandelia candel (L.) Druce Reproductive Organ Phenology, in Berbak and Sembilang National Park, South Sumatra. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 550: 012005. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/550/1/012005.
Méndez-Alonzo R, Moctezuma C, Ordoñez VR, Angeles G, Martínez AJ, López-Portillo J. 2015. Root biomechanics in Rhizophora mangle: Anatomy, morphology and ecology of mangrove’s flying buttresses. Ann Bot 115 (5): 833-840. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv002.
Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF). 2021. National Mangrove Map. Working Group for Updating National Mangrove Map, Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Nugraha LA, Kusmana C, Hartoyo APP. 2022. Utilization of Kandelia candel (L.) Druce and hypocotyl cutting seedling for mangrove rehabilitation in Indonesia. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 1109: 012092. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1109/1/012092.
Nyoka BI, Kamanga R, Njoloma J, Jamnadass R, Mng’omba S, Muwanje S. 2018. Quality of tree seedlings produced in nurseries in Malawi: An assessment of morphological attributes. For Trees Livelihoods 27 (2): 103-117. DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2018.1443027.
Patra JK, Mishra RR, Thatoi H. 2020. Biotechnological Utilization of Mangrove Resources. 1st Edition. Academic Press, Cambridge.
Prodan M. 1968. Forest Biometrics. Pergamon Press, London.
Racey GD, Glerum C, Hutchison RE. 1983. The practicality of top-root ratio in nursery stock characterization. For Chron 59 (5): 240-243. DOI: 10.5558/tfc59240-5.
Rahman MM. 2018. Enrichment of mangrove ecosystems through Kandelia candel (L.) Druce species in the Sundarban Mangrove Forest of Bangladesh. Intl J Bus Soc Sci Res 6 (4): 1-8.
Ren M, Mao G, Zheng H, Wang W, Tang Q. 2023. Growth changes of tomato seedlings responding to sodium salt of ?-naphthalene acetic acid and potassium salt of fulvic acid. Sci Rep 13 (1): 4024. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31023-x.
Rugayah, Yulita KS, Arifiani D, Rustiami H, Girmasnyah D. 2017. Tumbuhan Langka Indonesia: 50 Jenis Tumbuhan Terancam Punah. LIPI Press, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Sarno, Ridho MR, Absori A, Kadarisman R. 2020. Konservasi Mangrove: Distribusi, Fenologi, dan Rehabilitasi Kandelia candel di Taman Nasional Sembilang. ZSL Indonesia, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Sharma B. 2018. Chemical analysis of soil of pandoga sub watershed with the seasons in Una (H.P), India. Intl J Res Rev 5 (10): 22-27.
Shettar AK, Vedamurthy AB. 2017. Evaluation of antidiabetic potential of Kandelia candel and Rhizophora apiculata an in vitro approach. J Pharm Sci Res 8 (6): 2551-2559. DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.8(6).2551-59.
Shivanna AM, Nagendrappa G. 2014. Chemical analysis of soil samples to evaluate the soil fertility status of selected command areas of three tanks in Tiptur Taluk of Karnataka, India. IOSR-JAC 7 (11): 1-5. DOI: 10.9790/5736-071110105.
Sidi N, Aris AZ, Talib SN, Johan S, Yusoff TST, Ismail MZ. 2015. Influential factors on the cation exchange capacity in sediment of Merambong Shoal, Johor. Procedia Environ Sci 30: 186-189. DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2015.10.033.
Srikanth S, Lum SKY, Chen Z. 2016. Mangrove root: Adaptations and ecological importance. Trees 30: 451-465. DOI: 10.1007/s00468-015-1233-0.
Stefens B, Rasmussen A. 2016. The physiology of adventitious roots. Plant Physiol 170 (2): 603-617. DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01360.
Takoutsing B, Tchoundjeu Z, Degrande A, Asaah E, Gyau A, Nkeumoe F, Tsobeng A. 2014. Assessing the quality of seedlings in small-scale nurseries in the Highlands of Cameroon: The use of growth characteristics and quality thresholds as indicators. Small-Scale For 13: 65-77. DOI: 10.1007/s11842-013-9241-7.
Thompson BE. 1985. Seedling morphological evaluation: What you can tell by looking. In: Duryea ML (eds). Evaluating Seedling Quality: Principles, Procedures, and Predictive Abilities of Major Tests. Proceedings of the workshop of Forest Research Laboratory of the Oregon State University.
Tomlinson PB. 2016. The Botany of Mangroves. Cambridge University Press, New York. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139946575.
Tränkner M, Tavakol E, Jákli B. 2018. Functioning of potassium and magnesium in photosynthesis, photosynthate translocation and photoprotection. Physiol Plant 163 (3): 414-31. DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12747.
Wan X, Huang Z, He Z, Yu Z, Wang M, Davis MR, Yang Y. 2014. Soil C:N ratio is the major determinant of soil microbial community structure in subtropical coniferous and broadleaf forest plantations. Plant Soil 387: 103-116. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-014-2277-4.
West PW. 2014. Growing Plantation Forest. Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-01827-0.
Wilda R, Hamdan AM, Rahmi R. 2020. A review: The use of mangrove for biomonitoring on aquatic environment. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng 980: 012083. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/980/1/012083.
Zhang M, Wang Y, Tian K, Tian J, Sun P, Shui B. 2019. Changes in the ecological niche and functional groups of macrozoobenthos before and after the planting of Kandelia candel in Yanpu Bay, Zhejiang. J Fish Sci China 26 (5): 949-958. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1118.2019.18421.
Zhang X, Chua VP, Cheong H-F. 2015. Hydrodynamics in mangrove prop roots and their physical properties. J Hydro-Environ Res 9 (2): 281-294. DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2014.07.010.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- ADISTI PERMATASARI PUTRI HARTOYO, ARZYANA SUNKAR, RAHMATULLOH RAMADANI, SYAHLAN FALUTHI, SYAFITRI HIDAYATI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis for vegetation cover in Leuser Ecosystem area, Sumatra, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
- ADISTI PERMATASARI PUTRI HARTOYO, LILIK B. PRASETYO, ISKANDAR Z. SIREGAR, SUPRIYANTO, IDA THEILADE, ULFAH J. SIREGAR, Carbon stock assessment using forest canopy density mapper in agroforestry land in Berau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 20 No. 9 (2019)
- ONRIZAL ONRIZAL, CECEP KUSMANA, Ecological study on mangrove forest in East Coast of North Sumatra , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 9 No. 1 (2008)
- TATAN SUKWIKA, DUDUNG DARUSMAN, CECEP KUSMANA, DODIK RIDHO NURROCHMAT, Evaluating the level of sustainability of privately managed forest in Bogor, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 17 No. 1 (2016)
- JEPRIANTO MANURUNG, ISKANDAR Z. SIREGAR, CECEP KUSMANA, FIFI GUS DWIYANTI, Genetic variation of the mangrove species Avicennia marina in heavy metal polluted estuaries of Cilegon Industrial Area, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 18 No. 3 (2017)
- JARWADI BUDI HERNOWO, HADI SUKADI ALIKODRA, ANI MARDIASTUTI, CECEP KUSMANA, Population analysis of the javan green peafowl (Pavo muticus muticus Linnaeus 1758) in Baluran and Alas Purwo National Parks, East Java , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 12 No. 2 (2011)
- ISTOMO, CECEP KUSMANA, FIFI GUS DWIYANTI, DZULFIKAR MALIK, Comparison of several methods of stands inventory prior to logging towards the yield volume of mangrove forest in Bintuni Bay, West Papua Province, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
- TRIALAKSITA SARI PRISKA ARDHANI, DANIEL MURDIYARSO, CECEP KUSMANA, Effects of permeable barriers on total ecosystem carbon stocks of mangrove forests and abandoned ponds in Demak District, Central Java, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
- AMANDITA LINTANG RUMONDANG, CECEP KUSMANA, SRI WILARSO BUDI, Species composition and structure of Angke Kapuk Mangrove Protected Forest, Jakarta, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 9 (2021)
- YAYAN HENDRAYANA, PUDJI WIDODO, CECEP KUSMANA, IMAM WIDHIONO, Short Communication: Diversity and distribution of figs (Ficus spp.) across altitudes in Gunung Tilu, Kuningan, West Java, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 20 No. 6 (2019)