Genetic x environment interaction on agronomic characters and yield components of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) mutant strain
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Abstract. Lestari EG, Dewi IS, Nur A, Yunita R, Mastur. 2019. Genetic x environment interaction on agronomic characters and yield components of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) mutant strain. Biodiversitas 20: 3705-3714. Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) belongs to cereal plants that have prospects for commercial development in Indonesia, since it can adapt widely in sub-optimal land, and has many functions. However, there is still limited sweet sorghum variety that has been released in Indonesia. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of genetic x environment interaction on agronomic characters and yield components of sweet sorghum mutant strain. Adaptation test was held in 8 locations in Indonesia, namely Pekalongan, Bantul, Gunung Kidul, Lampung, Malang, East Lombok, Bontobili and Maros, from May to November 2017. The material tested was 10 M7 mutant strains and two check varieties (Numbu and Super 1). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). There were three replications in form of blocks and each block consisted of 40 sorghum plants. The result showed that genetic x environment interaction affected the agronomic characters and yield components of sweet sorghum. Several characters such as plant height, panicle diameter, seed production, sugar brix and stem juice volume of sweet sorghum mutants were greater than check varieties. The highest seed yield was found in MB-1 strain of sweet sorghum mutant that cultivated in Pekalongan site.
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References
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Sihono. 2013. Uji adaptasi galur mutan harapan sorgum manis hasil iradiasi di Citayam bogor’, in Seminar Nasional Sains dan Teknologi Nuklir PTNBR-BATAN, pp. 353–359.
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Sungkono, Trikoesoemaningtyas D, Wirnas, Sopandie D, Human S, Yudiarto MA. 2009. Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Selection of Sorghum Mutant Lines under Acid Soil Stress Conditions, Indonesian Journal of Agronomy , 37(3):220–225. doi: 10.24831/jai.v37i3.1238.
Wanga MA, Kumar AA, Kangueehi GN, Shimelis H, Horn LN, Sarsu FJ. Andowa FN. 2018. Breeding Sorghum Using Induced Mutations: Future Prospect for Namibia . American Journal of Plant Sciences, 09(13), pp. 2696–2707. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2018.913196.
Yuliasti. 2017. Analisis Interaksi Genotipe x Lingkungan dan Stabilitas Galur Mutan Harapan Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata (L.)). Jurnal Ilmiah Aplikasi Isotop dan Radiasi, 12(1), 37-48. doi: 10.17146/jair.2016.12.1.3216.
Yuliasti Y and Reflinur R. 2017. Field Performance of Five Soybean Mutants Under Drought Stress Conditions and Molecular Analysis Using SSR Markers’, Atom Indonesia, 43(2), p. 103-109. doi: 10.17146/aij.2
Almodares A and Hadi M. 2009.Production of bioethanol from sweet sorghum?: A review’, Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(9), pp. 772–780. doi: 10.2135/cropsci1987.0011183X002700040037x.
Badriyah I N, Taryono dan Murti RH. 2015. Keragaan Hasil Gula dan Hasil Biji Beberapa Kultivar Sorghum Manis di Tiga Wilayah Lahan Kering Kabupaten Pekalongan dan Batang, Jawa Tengah.1 Pros. Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon. 1(4) 809-813.
Biba MA. 2011. Prospek Pengembangan Sorgum untuk Ketahanan Pangan dan Energi’, Jurnal Iptek Tanaman Pangan VI (2): 257-269.
Cheema and Khalsa SK. 2018. Plant Breeding its Applications and Future Prospects’, International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research, 5(3), 88–94.
DeLacy IH, Kaul S, Rana BS, Cooper M. 2010.Genotypic variation for grain and stover yield of dryland (rabi) sorghum in India 2. A characterisation of genotype × environment interactions’, Field Crops Research. Elsevier B.V., 118(3), pp. 236–242. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2010.05.014.
Efendi R, Aqil M and Pabendon M. 2013. Evaluasi Genotipe Sorgum Manis. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 32(2), pp. 116–125.
Htun KW, Win NC and Minn M. 2015 . The Improvement of Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L .) for High Yield Through Induced Mutation’, Proceedings of 5th ISERD International Conference, (June), pp. 95–98.
Human S, Trikoesoemaningtyas T , Sihono, Sungkono S. 2010. Development of Sorghum Tolerant to Acid Soil Using Induced Mutation with Gamma Irradiation, Atom Indonesia, 36(1), p. 11. doi: 10.17146/aij.2010.6.
Human S and Sihono. 2010. Sorghum Breeding for Improved Drought Tolerance Using Induced Mutation with Gamma Irradiation , J Agron Indonesia, 38(2), pp. 95–99.
Human S. 2003. Peran iptek nuklir dalam pemuliaan tanaman untuk mendukung industri pertanian’, Teknologi Isotop dan Radiasi, Badan Tenaga Nuklir, pp. 308–316.
Jain SM. 2006 . Mutation-assisted breeding for improving ornamental plants’, Acta Horticulturae, 714, pp. 85–98.
Jain SM. 2010. Mutagenesis in crop improvement under the climate change’, Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 15(SUPPL.2), pp. 88–106.
Kumar N and Reddy MP. 2014. In vitro Plant Propagation?: A Review In vitro Plant Propagation?: A Review’, Journal of Forest Science, 2(September), pp. 61–72.
Lestari, E.G. 2013. Pembentukan Galur Unggul Tanaman Melalui Peningkatan Keragaman Genetik Dengan Metode Variasi Somaklonal, Pengembangan Inovasi Pertanian, 6(2), pp. 53–61.
Lestari EG, Dewi IS, Yunita R.Sukmadjaja D. 2017. Induksi Mutasi dan Keragaman Somaklonal untuk Meningkatkan Ketahanan Penyakit Blas Daun pada Padi Fatmawati’, Buletin Plasma Nutfah, 16(2), p. 96. doi: 10.21082/blpn.v16n2.2010.
Mudibu J,Nkongolo KKC, Kalonji-Mbuyi A. Kizungu RV. 2012. Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Morpho-Agronomic Characteristics of Soybeans (Glycine max L.), American Journal of Plant Sciences, 03(03), pp. 331–337. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2012.33039.
Oladosu YY, Rafii MY , Abdullah N ,Hussin G , Ramlia , Rahim BVG , Miah, Usman M. 2016.Principle and application of plant mutagenesis in crop improvement: A review’, Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment. Taylor & Francis, 30(1)1–16. doi: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1087333.
Pabendon MB. Sarungallo RS., Mas’ud S., Nur A (2012) Penampilan Fenotipik dan Stabilitas Sorgum Manis untuk Bahan Baku Bioetanol, Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 31(1), pp. 60–69.
Pabendon MB, Efendi R, Santoso S. Prastowo B. 2017. Varieties of sweet sorghum Super-1 and Super-2 and its equipment for bioethanol in Indonesia’, in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/65/1/012054.
Pabendon, MB, Sarungallo R, Mas’ud S. 2012. Pemanfaatan Nira Batang, Bagas, dan Biji Sorgum Manis sebagai Bahan Baku Bioetanol’, Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 31(3)180–187.
Pedriery S. 2001. Mutation induction and tissue culture in improving fruits’, Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 64:185–210. doi: 10.1023/A.
Rahayu S. Dewi AK, Wirnas D.2013. Analisis Stabilitas dan Adaptabilitas Beberapa Galur Padi Dataran Tinggi Hasil Mutasi Induksi Stability and Adaptability Analysis of Highland Rice Genotypes Resulted from Induced Mutation , Jurnal Ilmiah Aplikasi Isotop dan Radiasi, 9(2), pp. 81–90.
Rayad and Idwar. 2010. Interaksi genetik x lingkungan dan stabilitas komponen hasil berbagai genotipe Kedelai di Provinsi Riau. Indonesian Journal of Agronomy, 38(1):25–29. doi: 10.24831/jai.v38i1.1673.
Regassa TH and Wortmann CS. 2014. Sweet sorghum as a bioenergy crop: Literature review’, Biomass and Bioenergy, 348–355. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.03.052.
Sihono. 2013. Uji adaptasi galur mutan harapan sorgum manis hasil iradiasi di Citayam bogor’, in Seminar Nasional Sains dan Teknologi Nuklir PTNBR-BATAN, pp. 353–359.
Sihono, Wijaya and Human S. 2010. Perbaikan Kualitas Sorgum Manis Melalui Teknik Mutasi untuk Bioetanol , Prosiding Pekan Serealia Nasional, pp. 978–979.
Sitaresmi T, Gunarsih C, Nafisah N, Nugraha Y. Abdullah B, Hanarida I, Aswidinnoor H. Muliarta IGP., Daradjat AA , Suprihatno BJ. 2017. Interaksi Genotipe x Lingkungan untuk Hasil Gabah Padi Sawah’, Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 35(2), p. 89. doi: 10.21082/jpptp.v35n2.2016.p89-98.
Subagio H and Akil M.2013. Pengembangan Produksi Sorgum. Seminar Nasional Inovasi Teknologi Pertanian, pp. 199–214
Sulistyowati Y, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Sopandie D, Ardie SW, Nugroho. 2016.Parameter Genetik dan Seleksi Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Populasi F4 Hasil Single Seed Descent (SSD) , Biologi Indonesia, 12(2), pp. 175–184.
Sungkono, Trikoesoemaningtyas D, Wirnas, Sopandie D, Human S, Yudiarto MA. 2009. Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Selection of Sorghum Mutant Lines under Acid Soil Stress Conditions, Indonesian Journal of Agronomy , 37(3):220–225. doi: 10.24831/jai.v37i3.1238.
Wanga MA, Kumar AA, Kangueehi GN, Shimelis H, Horn LN, Sarsu FJ. Andowa FN. 2018. Breeding Sorghum Using Induced Mutations: Future Prospect for Namibia . American Journal of Plant Sciences, 09(13), pp. 2696–2707. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2018.913196.
Yuliasti. 2017. Analisis Interaksi Genotipe x Lingkungan dan Stabilitas Galur Mutan Harapan Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata (L.)). Jurnal Ilmiah Aplikasi Isotop dan Radiasi, 12(1), 37-48. doi: 10.17146/jair.2016.12.1.3216.
Yuliasti Y and Reflinur R. 2017. Field Performance of Five Soybean Mutants Under Drought Stress Conditions and Molecular Analysis Using SSR Markers’, Atom Indonesia, 43(2), p. 103-109. doi: 10.17146/aij.2
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