High genetic connectivity in a scleractinian coral (Lobophyllia corymbosa) around Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Abstract. Umar W, Tassakka ACMAR, Jompa J. 2019. High genetic connectivity in a scleractinian coral (Lobophyllia corymbosa) around Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3484-3492. The life cycle of scleractinian corals begins with a pelagic larval phase subject to the influence of currents, with the potential to disperse propagules over vast geographical distances. We investigated the mitochondrial COI genome to investigate genetic population structure and potential biophysical barriers (in particular water mass movements) that could affect connectivity between populations in the seas around Sulawesi, in the Indonesian Coral Triangle. Lobophyllia corymbosa was selected as representative of corals with a broadcast spawning reproductive strategy and relatively long Pelagic Larval Dispersal (PLD) period. Analysis of mtDNA sequences from 103 colonies collected at depths of 3 to 10 meters in 4 locations (Manado, Toli-Toli, Spermonde, and Wakatobi) resulted in FST = 0.00632, indicating no genetic isolation or significant differentiation. The tendency towards genetic homogeneity across the entire population indicates that gene flow has been maintained, most likely through widespread dispersal of propagules within the study area. The dominant surface flow directions recorded during the reproductive period of this species provide support for this gene flow model, as the currents could enable dispersal and recruitment patterns maintaining connectivity between L. corymbosa populations around Sulawesi.
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References
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Tay Y, Todd P, Rosshaug P, et al. 2012. Simulating the transport of broadcast coral larvae among the Southern Islands of Singapore, Aquatic Biology, 15:283-29.
Timm J, Kochzius M, Madduppa HH, et al. 2017. Small Scale Genetic Population Structure of Coral Reef Organisms in Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia, Front. Mar, Sci. 4:294. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00294.
Umar W, Jompa J, and Tassakka ACMAR. 2019. Potential Uses of Genetic Studies for MPA Design, IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ, Sci.253 012032.
Underwood JN, Wilson SK, Ludgerus L, et al. 2013. Integrating connectivity science and spatial conservation management of coral reefs in north-west Australia, Journal for Nature Conservation, 21(3):163–172.
Veron JEN, DeVantier LM, Turak E, et al. 2009. Delineating the Coral Triangle, Galaxea Journal of Coral Reef Studies, 11: 91–100.
Vollmer SV, Palumbi SR. 2007. Restricted gene flow in the Caribbean staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis: implications for the recovery of endangered reefs, ?J Hered, 98: 40–50. ?
Yusuf S, Jompa J, Ahmad M, et al. 2019. Biogeography and Diversity of Lobophyllia, an Ornamental Coral Traded in the Coral Triangle, IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 253 012030.
Botsford LW, White JW, Coffroth MA., et al. 2009. Connectivity and Resilience of Coral Reef Metapopulations in Marine Protected Areas: Matching Empirical Efforts to Predictive Needs, Coral Reefs, 28:327–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-009-0466-z.
Briggs JC. 2009. Diversity, endemism and evolution in the coral triangle, J. Biogeogr, 36, 2008–2010. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02146.x.
Burke L, Selig E, and Spalding M. 2006. Reefs at Risk in Southeast Asia, Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.
Casilagan I LN, Juinio-Meñez MA, and Crandall ED. 2013. Genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history of exploited sea urchin populations (Tripneustes gratilla) in the Philippines, J Exp Mar Biol Eco, 449: 284?293.
Chiu Y, Bor H, Tan M, et al. 2013. Phylogeography and genetic differentiation among populations of the moon turban snail Lunella granulate, Int J Moll, Sci. 14:9062-9079.
Connolly SR, and Baird AH. 2010. Estimating dispersal potential for marine larvae: dynamic models applied to scleractinian corals. Ecology, 91, 3572–3583. doi: 10.1890/10-0143.1.
Cowen RK, Sponaugle S. 2009. Larval dispersal and marine population connectivity. Annual Review of Marine Science, 1(1):443–466.
Excoffier L, Smouse PE, and Quattro JM. 1992. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data, Genetics, 131: 479–491.?
Frankham R. 2010. Challenges and opportunities of genetic approaches to biological conservation, Biol. Conserv, 143, pp. 1919-1927.
Fu YX., Li WH. 1993. Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations. Genetics. 133: 693–709.?
Gaonkar CA, Samiksha SV, George G, et al. 2012. Numerical simulations of barnacle larval dispersion coupled with field observations on larval abundance, settlement and recruitment in a tropical monsoon influenced coastal marine environment, Journal of Marine Systems, 94:218–231.
Giyanto M, Abrar TA, Hadi A, et al. 2017. Status Terumbu Karang Indonesia 2017. COREMAP-CTI Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi, Jakarta, 30 hlm.
Gleason DF, Hofmann DK. 2011. Coral larvae: From gametes to recruits, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 408(1–2):42–57.
Hellberg ME. 2009. Gene flow and isolation among populations of marine animals. Ann Rev Ecol Evol System, 40:291–310.
Hemond EM and Vollmer SV. 2010. Genetic Diversity and Connectivity in the Threatened Staghorn Coral (Acropora cervicornis) in Florida, PLoS ONE, 5(1): e8652. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008652.
Hutabarat S. 2001. Pengaruh Kondisi Oseanografi Terhadap Perubahan Iklim, Produktivitas dan Distribusi Biota Laut, Pidato Pengukuhan Guru Besar, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro, Serang.
Johannesson K, Ring AK, Johannesson KB, et al. 2018. Oceanographic barriers to gene flow promote genetic subdivision of the tunicate Ciona intestinalis in a North Sea archipelago, Mar Biol, 165: 126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-018-3388-x.
Kawecki TJ and Ebert D. 2004. Conceptual issues in local adaptation, Ecology Letters, 7: 1225-1241. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00684.x.
Kortschak RD, Samuel G, Saint R. et al. 2003. EST Analysis of the Cnidarian Acropora millepora Reveals Extensive Gene Loss and Rapid Sequence Divergence in The Model Invertebrates, Current Biology, 13:2190–2195. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2003.11.030.
Lequeux BD, Ahumada-Sempoal MA, López-Pérez A, et al. 2018. Coral connectivity between equatorial eastern Pacific marine protected areas: A biophysical modeling approach, PloS one, 13(8), e0202995. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202995.
Librado PJR and Rozas J. 2009. DnaSP v5: A Software for Comprehensive Analysis of DNA Polymorphism Data, Bioinformatics, 25(11):1451-2.
Lundgren P. 2011. Genetics and Genetics Tools in Coral Reef Management, Australian Government.
Nathan R and Muller-Landau HC. 2000. Spatial patterns of seed dispersal, their determinants and consequences for recruitment. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 15, 278-285.
Nei M. 1987. Molecular evolutionary genetics. New York (USA): Columbia University Press.
Palumbi SR. 2003. Population Genetics, Demographic Connectivity, and The Design of Marine Reserves, Ecological Applications, vol 13, pp. 146-158.
Rozas J, Sanchez-DeI BJC, Messeguer, et al. 2003. Dnasp, DNA Polymorphism Analyses by The Coalescent and Other Methods, Bioinformatics, 19: 2496–2497.
Schneider S, Roessli D, and Excoffier L. 2000. Arlequin version 2.000: a software for population genetics data analysis, Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Scitable. The Genetic Variation in a Population Is Caused by Multiple Factors. [https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/the-genetic-variation-in-a-population-is-6526354], accessed at 1st August 2019.
Strathmann RR, Staver RM, and Hoffman JR. 2002. Risk and the evolution of cell-cycle durations of embryos. Evolution, 56: 708 – 720.
Tajima F. 1989. The effect of change in population size on DNA polymorphism. ?Genetics, 123: 597–601.
Tay Y, Todd P, Rosshaug P, et al. 2012. Simulating the transport of broadcast coral larvae among the Southern Islands of Singapore, Aquatic Biology, 15:283-29.
Timm J, Kochzius M, Madduppa HH, et al. 2017. Small Scale Genetic Population Structure of Coral Reef Organisms in Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia, Front. Mar, Sci. 4:294. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00294.
Umar W, Jompa J, and Tassakka ACMAR. 2019. Potential Uses of Genetic Studies for MPA Design, IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ, Sci.253 012032.
Underwood JN, Wilson SK, Ludgerus L, et al. 2013. Integrating connectivity science and spatial conservation management of coral reefs in north-west Australia, Journal for Nature Conservation, 21(3):163–172.
Veron JEN, DeVantier LM, Turak E, et al. 2009. Delineating the Coral Triangle, Galaxea Journal of Coral Reef Studies, 11: 91–100.
Vollmer SV, Palumbi SR. 2007. Restricted gene flow in the Caribbean staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis: implications for the recovery of endangered reefs, ?J Hered, 98: 40–50. ?
Yusuf S, Jompa J, Ahmad M, et al. 2019. Biogeography and Diversity of Lobophyllia, an Ornamental Coral Traded in the Coral Triangle, IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 253 012030.
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