Biochar enriched with organic fertilizer improves the survival and growth rate of Anthocepalus cadamba seedlings planted on degraded spodosols

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

SYAHRINUDIN
WAHJUNI HARTATI
TRIOYONO SUDARMADJI
NURMAN KRISDIANTO
IBRAHIM

Abstract

Abstract. Syahrinudin, Hartati W, Sudarmadji T, Krisdianto N, Ibrahim. 2019. Biochar enriched with organic fertilizer improves the survival and growth rate of Anthocepalus cadamba seedlings planted on degraded spodosols. Biodiversitas 20: 3741-3750. The application of biochar for the improvement of soil properties and fertility has drawn enormous interest worldwide nowadays and numerous application options are now available. This research was aimed to evaluate the effects of the application of biochar and organic fertilizers on the survival and growth of Anthocepalus cadamba seedlings planted on degraded spodosols soil on bioassay trial in the nursery. Bioassay trial was carried out in the nursery of Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia, employing a 2-factors Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factor 1 was the rate of biochar application (i.e. six levels of treatment: 0 (control), 2, 5, 10, 25 and 100%v of biochar), and factor 2 (enrichment of organic fertilizers, i.e. with enrichment and without enrichment), and each treatment combination had 3 replications. The results showed that biochar application alone improved height and diameter growth rate of A. cadamba seedlings by 253% and 116% of control treatment (without biochar), respectively. Enrichment of organic fertilizers gave further improvement in height and diameter growth rate of A. cadamba seedlings to 386% and 150% of control treatment (without biochar), respectively. Furthermore, biochar application improved survival and biomass growth rate of the seedlings. Enrichment of organic fertilizers into biochar improved not only seedling growth rate but also more interestingly the carrying capacity of spodosols to biochar application rate. We concluded that biochar application complemented with enrichment of organic fertilizers on spodosols is highly promising for the improvement of both soil carbon sequestration and plant growth performance.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

References
Abel S, Peters A, Trinks S, Schonsky H, Facklam M, Wessolek G. 2013. Impact of biochar and hydrochar addition on water retention and water repellency of sandy soil. Geoderma 202:183–191.
Akhtar SS, Andersen MN, Liu F. 2015. Biochar mitigates salinity stress in potato. J Agron Crop Sci 201:368–378.
Ali S, Rizwan M, Qayyum MF, Ok YS, Ibrahim M, et al. 2017. Biochar soil amendment on alleviation of drought and salt stress in plants: a critical review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:12700–12712. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-8904-x.
Ameloot N, De Neve S, Jegajeevagan K, Yildiz G, Buchan D, Funkuin YN, Sleutel S. 2013. Short?term CO2 and N2O emissions and microbial properties of biochar amended sandy?loam soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 57, 401–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. soilbio.2012.10.025.
Atkinson CJ, Fitzgerald JD, Hipps NA. 2010. Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils: A review. Plant and Soil, 337, 1–18. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11104?010?0464?5.
Baker JM., Ochsner TE, Venterea RT, Griffis TJ. 2007. Tillage and soil carbon sequestration - What do we really know? Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 118:1-5.
Baldock JA, Smernik, RJ. 2002. Chemical composition and bioavailability of thermally altered Pinus resinosa (red pine) wood. Organic Geochemistry 33, 1093–1109.
Bruun EW, Ambus P, Egsgaard H, Hauggaard-Nielsen H. 2012. Effects of slow and fast pyrolysis biochar on soil C and N turnover dynamics.Soil Biologyand. Biochemistry, 46, 73 –79. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.019.
Carter S, Shackley S, Sohi S, Suy TB, Haefele S. 2013. The impact of biochar application on soil properties and plant growth of pot grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and cabbage (Brassica chinensis). Agronomy 2013, 3(2): 404-418; doi:10.3390/agronomy3020404.
Chambers A, Lal R, Paustian K. 2016. Soil carbon sequestration potential of US croplands and grasslands: Implementing the 4 per Thousand Initiative, J. Soil Water Conserv., 71, 68A–74A, https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.71.3.68A.
Chan KY, Van Zwieten L, Meszaros I, Downie A, Joseph S. 2007. Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment. Aust J Soil Res 45:629–634.
Chen WJ, Chen JM, Price DT, Cihlar J, Liu J. 2000. Carbon offset potentials of four alternative forest management strategies in Canada: a simulation study. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 5: 143-169.
Cornelissen G, Martinsen V, Shitumbanuma V, Alling V, Breedveld GD, Rutherford DW, et al. 2013. Biochar effect on maize yield and soil characteristics in five conservation farming sites in Zambia. Agronomy 3: 256-274. doi:10.3390/agronomy3020256.
DeLuca T, MacKenzie M, Gundale M. 2009. Biochar effects on soil nutrient transformations. In J. Lehmann, & S. Joseph (Eds.), Biochar for environmental management: Science and technology (pp. 251–270). London, UK: Earthscan. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849770552.
Dharmakeerthi RS, Chandrasiri JAS and Edirimanne VU. 2012. Effect of rubber wood biochar on nutrition and growth of nursery plants of Hevea brasiliensis established in an Ultisol. SpringerPlus, 1:84.
Egamberdieva D, Reckling M, Wirth S. 2017. Biochar-based Bradyrhizobium inoculum improves growth of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) under drought stress. Eur J Soil Biol 78:38–42.
Farhangi-Abriz S, Torabian S. 2017. Biochar Increased Plant Growth-Promoting Hormones and Helped to Alleviates Salt Stress in Common Bean Seedlings. J Plant Growth Regul. doi: 10.1007/s00344-017-9756-9.
Freixo AA, Machado PL, Santos HP, Silva CA, Fadigas FS. 2002. Soil organic carbon and fractions of a Rhodic Ferralsol under the infl uence of tillage and crop rotation systems in southern Brazil. Soil Tillage Res 64:221–230
Gartler J, Robinson B, Burton K, Clucas L. 2013. Carbonaceous soil amendments to biofortify crop plants with zinc. Sci Total Environ 465:308–313. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.027.
Glaser B, Lehmann J, Zech W. 2002. Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal: A review. Biol. Fertil. Soils 35:219–230. doi:10.1007/s00374-002-0466-4.
Haider G, Koyro H-W, Azam F, Steffens D, Müller C, Kammann C. 2014. Biochar but not humic acid product amendment affected maize yields via improving plant-soil moisture relations. Plant Soil 395:141–157. doi: 10.1007/s11104-014-2294-3.
Harmon ME. 2001. Carbon Sequestration in Forests: Addressing the Scale Question. Journal of Forestry 99 (4): 24-29.
Herath H, Camps-Arbestain M, Hedley M. 2013. Effect of biochar on soil physical properties in two contrasting soils: an Alfisol and an Andisol. Geoderma 209–210:188–197.
Huang W, Ji H, Gheysen G, Debode J, Kyndt T. 2015. Biochar-amended potting medium reduces the susceptibility of rice to root-knot nematode infections. BMC Plant Biology 15:267-281. doi: 10.1186/s12870-015-0654-7.
IPCC. 2000. Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry. R.T. Watson, I.R. Noble, B. Bolin, N.H. Ravindranath, D.J. Verardo, and D.J. Dokken (eds.), A Special report of the IPCC, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 377 pp.
Kammann CI, Linsel S, Gößling JW, Koyro H-W. 2011. Influence of biochar on drought tolerance of Chenopodium quinoa Willd and on soil–plant relations. Plant Soil 345:195–210. doi: 10.1007/s11104-011-0771-5.
Kanouo BMD, Allaire SE, Munson AD. 2017. Quality of Biochars Made from Eucalyptus Tree Bark and Corncob Using a Pilot-Scale Retort Kiln. Waste Biomass Valor. DOI 10.1007/s12649-017-9884-2.
Kim HS, Kim KR, Yang JE, Ok YS, Owens G, Nehls T, Wessolek G, Kim KH. 2016. Effect of biochar on reclaimed tidal land soil properties and maize (Zea mays L.) response. Chemosphere 142:153–159.
Kuzyakov Y, Subbotina I, Chen H, Bogomolova I, Xu X. 2009. Black carbon decomposition and incorportaion into soil microbial biomass estimated by 14C labeling. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 41:210-219.
Lal M, Singh R. 2000. Carbon sequestration potential of Indian forests. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 60: 315-327.
Lal R. 2003. Global Potential of Soil Carbon Sequestration to Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 22 (2):151-184.
Lal R., 2010. Managing soils and ecosystems for mitigating anthropogenic carbon emissions and advancing global food security. Bioscience 60, 708–721. http://dx.doi. org/10.1525/bio.2010.60.9.8.
Lee J, Morrison IK, LeBlanc J.-D, Dumas MT, Cameron DA. 2002. Carbon sequestration in trees and re-growth vegetation as affected by clearcut and partial cut harvesting in a second-growth boreal mixedwood. For. Ecol. Manage. 169: 83–101.
Lehmann J, Gaunt J, Rondon M. 2006. Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems: A review. Mitig. Adapt. Strategies Glob. Change 11:395–419. doi:10.1007/s11027-005-9006-5.
Lehmann J, Rillig MC, Thies J, Masiello CA, Hockaday WC, Crowley D. 2011. Biochar effects on soil biota: A review. Soil Biol. Biochem. 43:1812–1836. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.022.
Lehmann J. 2007. A handful of Carbon. Nature 477:143–144. doi:10.1038/447143a.
Lenton TM, Vaughan NE. 2009. The radiative forcing potential of different climate geoengineering options. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 9:2559-2608.
Liang B, Lehmann J, Solomon D, Kinyangi J, Grossman J, O’Neill B, Skjemstad JO, Thies J, Luizão FJ, Petersen J, Neves EG. 2006. Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 70: 1719-1730, doi:10.2136/sssaj2005.0383.
Liu A, Tian D, Xiang Y, Mo H. 2016. Biochar improved growth of an important medicinal plant (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) and inhibited its cadmium uptake. J Plant Biol Soil Health 3(2): 1-6.
Lu WW, Ding WX, Zhang JH, Li Y, Luo JF, Bolan N, Xie ZB. 2014. Biochar suppressed the decomposition of organic carbon in a cultivated sandy loam soil: A negative priming effect. Soil Biol. Biochem., 76: 12-21, doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.029
Luo F, Song J, Xia WX, Dong MG, Chen MF, Soudek P. 2014. Characterization of contaminants and evaluation of the suitability for land application of maize and sludge biochars. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 21: 8707-8717, doi:10.1007/s11356-014-2797-8
Major J, Rondon M, Molina D, Riha SJ, Lehmann J. (2010) Maize yield and nutrition during 4 years after biochar application to a Colombian savanna oxisol. Plant Soil 333:117–128.
Marjenah, Kiswanto, Purwanti S, Sofyan FPM. 2016. The effect of biochar, cocopeat and saw dust compost on the growth of two dipterocarps seedlings. Nusantara Bioscience 8(1): 39-44.
Mehari ZH, Elad Y, Rav-David D, Graber ER, Harel YM. 2015. Induced systemic resistance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) against Botrytis cinerea by biochar amendment involves jasmonic acid signalling. Plant Soil 395:31–44. doi: 10.1007/s11104-015-2445-1.
Metting FB, Smith JL, Amthor JS, Izaurralde RC. 2001. Science needs and new technology for increasing soil carbon sequestration. Climatic Change 51: 11–34.
Minasny B, Malone BP, McBratney AB, Angers DA, Arrouays D, et al. 2017. Soil carbon 4 per mille. Geoderma 292, 59–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.01.002.
Ney RA, Schnoor JL, Mancuso MA. 2002. A Methodology to Estimate Carbon Storage and Flux in Forestland using Existing Forest and Soils Databases. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 78: 291–307.
Montagnin F, Porras C. 1998. Evaluating the role of plantations as carbon sinks: an example of an integrative approach from the humid tropics. Envir. Manage. 22: 459–470.
Palumbo AV, Mccarthy JF, Amonette JE, Fisher LS, Wullshleger SD, Daniels WL. 2004. Prospects for enhancing carbon sequestration and reclamation of degraded lands with fossil-fuel combustion by-products. Advances in Environmental Research 8, 425-438.
Papadopol CS. 2000. Impacts of climate warming on forests in Ontario: options for adaptation and mitigation. Forestry Chronicle 76:139–149.
Paustian K, Lehmann J, Ogle S, Reay D, Robertson GP, Smith P. 2016. Climatesmart soils. Nature 532, 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature17174.
Pelley J. 2003. Taking credit for forest carbon sinks: Is the policy getting ahead of the science? Environmental Science and Technology 59–63A.
Pratiwi EPA, Shinogi Y. 2016. Rice husk biochar application to paddy soil and its effects on soil physical properties, plant growth, and methane emission. Paddy Water Environ (2016) 14:521–532. doi: 10.1007/s10333-015-0521-z.
Ravindranath NH, Somashekhar BS, Gadgil M. 1997. Carbon flow in Indian forests. Climate Change 35: 297-320.
Rees F, Germain C, Sterckeman T, Morel J-L. 2015. Plant growth and metal uptake by a non-hyperaccumulating species (Lolium perenne) and a Cd-Zn hyperaccumulator (Noccaea caerulescens) in contaminated soils amended with biochar.
Reijnders, L. 2009. Are forestation, bio-char and landfilled biomass adequate offsets for the climate effects of burning fossil fuels? Energy Policy 37:2839-2841.
Richards M, Bruun TB, Campbell BM, Le G, Huyer S, Kuntze V, Stn M, Oldvig MB, Vasileiou I. 2016. How Countries Plan to Address Agricultural Adaptation and Mitigation: An Analysis of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions. (CCAFS dataset).
Rizwan M, Ali S, Qayyum MF, Ibrahim M, Zia-ur-Rehman M, et al. 2015. Mechanisms of biochar-mediated alleviation of toxicity of trace elements in plants: a critical review. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2016) 23:2230–2248. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-5697-7.
Rondon M, Ramirez JA, Lehmann J. 2005. Charcoal additions reduce net emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Paper read at Proceedings of the 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration, March 21-24 2005, at Baltimore, USA.
Sauerbeck DR. 2001. CO2 emissions and C sequestration by agriculture - perspecives and limitations. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 60:253-266.
Schimel DS. 1995. Terrestrial ecosystems and the carbon cycle. Global Change Biology 1: 77-91.
Schimel DS, House JI, Hibbard KA, Bousquet P, Ciais P, Peylin P, Braswell BH, Apps MJ, Baker D, Bondeau A, Canadell J, Churkina G, Cramer W, Denning AS, Field CB, Friedlingstein P, Goodale C, Heimann M, Houghton RA, Melillo JM, Moore III B, Murdiyarso D, Noble I, Pacala SW, Prentice IC, Raupach MR, Rayner PJ, Scholes RJ, Steffen WL, Wirth C. 2001. Recent patterns and mechanisms of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems. Nature 414: 169-172.
Schulz H, Glaser B. 2012. Effects of biochar compared to organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil quality and plant growth in a greenhouse experiment. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 175, 410–422. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201100143.
Smith P, Davis SJ, Creutzig F, Fuss S, Minx J, et al. 2016. Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO2 emissions. Nat. Clim. Change 6, 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2870.
Smith P, Martino D, Cai Z, Gwary D, Janzen H, et al. 2008. Greenhousegas mitigation inagriculture. Philos.Trans.R.Soc.Lond. BBiol. Sci.363, 789–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2184.
Spokas KA, Koskinen WC, Baker JM, Reicosky DC. 2009. Impacts of woodchip biochar additions on greenhouse gas production and sorption/degradation of two herbicides in Minnesota soil. Chemosphere 77:574-581.
Steiner C, Teixeira WG, Lehmann J, Nehls T, Macêdo JLV, Blum WEH, Zech W. 2007. Long term effects of manure, charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered Central Amazonian upland soil. Plant Soil, 291: 275-290, doi:10.1007/s11104-007-9193-9.
Sun D, Meng J, Liang H, Yang E, Huang Y, et al. 2015. Effect of volatile organic compounds absorbed to fresh biochar on survival of Bacillus mucilaginosus and structure of soil microbial communities. J Soils Sediments) 15:271–281. doi: 10.1007/s11368-014-0996-z. G. Eason, B. Noble, and I. N. Sneddon, “On certain integrals of Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions,” Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529–551, April 1955.
Syahrinudin S, Wijaya A, Butarbutar T, Hartati W, Ibrahim I, Sipayung M. 2018. Biochar produced by retort closed drum kiln promotes higher plant growth rate (Biochar yang diproduksi dengan tungku drum tertutup retort memberikan pertumbuhan tanaman yang lebih tinggi). ULIN: Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.32522/u-jht.v2i1.1291.
Thies J, Rillig MC. 2009. Characteristics of biochar: Biological properties. In: J. Lehmann and S. Joseph, editors, Biochar for environmental management: Science and technology. Earthscan, London. p. 85–105.
William K, Qureshi RA. 2015. Evaluation of biochar as fertilizer for the growth of some seasonal vegetables. J. Bioresource Manage. 2(1): 41-46.
Woolf D, Amonette JE, Street-Perrott FA, Lehmann J, Joseph S. 2010. Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change. Nature Commuications 1(5). doi:10.1038/ncomms1053.
Yanai Y, Toyota K, Okazaki M. 2007. Effects of charcoal addition on N2O emissions from soil resulting from rewetting air-dried soil in short-term laboratory experiments. Soil Science & Plant Nutrition 53 (2):181-188.
Yu L, Yu M, Lu X, Tang C, Liu X, Brookes PC, Xu J. 2018. Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer benefits nitrogen retention in the rhizosphere of soybean by increasing microbial biomas but not altering microbial community structure. Science of the Total Environment 640-641: 1221-1230. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.018.
Zheng RL, Cai C, Liang JH, Huang Q, Chen Z, Huang YZ, Sun GX. 2012. The effects of biochars from rice residue on the formation of iron plaque and the accumulation of Cd, Zn, Pb, As in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. Chemosphere 89:856–862. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.008.

Most read articles by the same author(s)