Biochar enriched with organic fertilizer improves the survival and growth rate of Anthocepalus cadamba seedlings planted on degraded spodosols
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Abstract. Syahrinudin, Hartati W, Sudarmadji T, Krisdianto N, Ibrahim. 2019. Biochar enriched with organic fertilizer improves the survival and growth rate of Anthocepalus cadamba seedlings planted on degraded spodosols. Biodiversitas 20: 3741-3750. The application of biochar for the improvement of soil properties and fertility has drawn enormous interest worldwide nowadays and numerous application options are now available. This research was aimed to evaluate the effects of the application of biochar and organic fertilizers on the survival and growth of Anthocepalus cadamba seedlings planted on degraded spodosols soil on bioassay trial in the nursery. Bioassay trial was carried out in the nursery of Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia, employing a 2-factors Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factor 1 was the rate of biochar application (i.e. six levels of treatment: 0 (control), 2, 5, 10, 25 and 100%v of biochar), and factor 2 (enrichment of organic fertilizers, i.e. with enrichment and without enrichment), and each treatment combination had 3 replications. The results showed that biochar application alone improved height and diameter growth rate of A. cadamba seedlings by 253% and 116% of control treatment (without biochar), respectively. Enrichment of organic fertilizers gave further improvement in height and diameter growth rate of A. cadamba seedlings to 386% and 150% of control treatment (without biochar), respectively. Furthermore, biochar application improved survival and biomass growth rate of the seedlings. Enrichment of organic fertilizers into biochar improved not only seedling growth rate but also more interestingly the carrying capacity of spodosols to biochar application rate. We concluded that biochar application complemented with enrichment of organic fertilizers on spodosols is highly promising for the improvement of both soil carbon sequestration and plant growth performance.
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References
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Huang W, Ji H, Gheysen G, Debode J, Kyndt T. 2015. Biochar-amended potting medium reduces the susceptibility of rice to root-knot nematode infections. BMC Plant Biology 15:267-281. doi: 10.1186/s12870-015-0654-7.
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Lal R., 2010. Managing soils and ecosystems for mitigating anthropogenic carbon emissions and advancing global food security. Bioscience 60, 708–721. http://dx.doi. org/10.1525/bio.2010.60.9.8.
Lee J, Morrison IK, LeBlanc J.-D, Dumas MT, Cameron DA. 2002. Carbon sequestration in trees and re-growth vegetation as affected by clearcut and partial cut harvesting in a second-growth boreal mixedwood. For. Ecol. Manage. 169: 83–101.
Lehmann J, Gaunt J, Rondon M. 2006. Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems: A review. Mitig. Adapt. Strategies Glob. Change 11:395–419. doi:10.1007/s11027-005-9006-5.
Lehmann J, Rillig MC, Thies J, Masiello CA, Hockaday WC, Crowley D. 2011. Biochar effects on soil biota: A review. Soil Biol. Biochem. 43:1812–1836. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.022.
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Liang B, Lehmann J, Solomon D, Kinyangi J, Grossman J, O’Neill B, Skjemstad JO, Thies J, Luizão FJ, Petersen J, Neves EG. 2006. Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 70: 1719-1730, doi:10.2136/sssaj2005.0383.
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Lu WW, Ding WX, Zhang JH, Li Y, Luo JF, Bolan N, Xie ZB. 2014. Biochar suppressed the decomposition of organic carbon in a cultivated sandy loam soil: A negative priming effect. Soil Biol. Biochem., 76: 12-21, doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.029
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