Morphological and molecular characterization of Termitomyces (Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales) in Thailand
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Abstract. Jannual N, Nipitwattanaphon M, Hasin S, Kaewgrajang T. 2020. Morphological and molecular characterization of Termitomyces (Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 2481-2491. Termitomyces is considered to be a highly prized delicacy collected both for home consumption and for sale in local markets. Although the taxonomic information about this genus is well known in Africa, the identification of Termitomyces species in Thailand is unclear. Therefore, this study presented an assessment of phylogenetic relationships in the genus Termitomyces by means of sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and the species characterization by combination of morphological data and molecular data. Total of 61 Termitomyces specimens was collected from a variety of geographical localities of Thailand. They were classified into six species, including T. clypeatus, T. cylindricus, T. fuliginosus, T. heimii, T. microcarpus, and T. striatus based on morphological characteristics combining with molecular characteristics. This is the first diagnostic key of Thai Termitomyces.
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References
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White TJ, Bruns T, Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylognetics, pp. 315 -322. In MA Innis, DH. Gelfand, JJ. Sninsky, and JW. White, eds. A Guide to Molecular Methods and Applications. Academic Press, New York.
Xu J, Adamowicz S. 2016. Fungal DNA barcoding. Genome 59: 913–932.
reveals potential PCR biases. BMC Microbiology 10(189): 1-9.
Bels PJ, Pataragetvit S. 1982. Edible mushrooms in Thailand cultivated by termite. In Chang ST and Quimio TH (eds.), Tropical Mushrooms Biological
Nature and Cultivation Methods, pp. 445–461. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press.
Hajibabaei M, Singer GAC, Hebert PDN, Hickey DA. 2007. DNA barcoding: how it complements taxonomy, molecular phylogenetics and population
genetics. Trends in Genetics 23(4): 167–172.
Hall TA. 1999. BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41:
95-98.
Hibbett D, Abarenkov K, Kõljalg U, Öpik M, Chai B, Cole J, Wang Q, Crous P, Robert V, Helgason T, Herr JR, Kirk P, Lueschow S, O'Donnell K,
Nilsson RH, Oono R, Schoch C, Smyth C, Walker DM, Porras-Alfaro A, Taylor JW, Geiser DM. 2016. Sequence-based classification and identification of Fungi. Mycologia 108(6): 1049–1068.
Hofstetter V, Clémençon H, Vilgalys R, Moncalvo JM. 2002. Phylogenetic analyses of the Lyophylleae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) based on nuclear and mitochondrial RDNA sequences. Mycological Research 106(9): 1043–1059.
Hyde KD, Norphanphoun C, Chen J, Dissanayake AJ, Doilom M, Hongsanan S, Jayawardena RS, Jeewon R, Perera RH, Thongbai B, Wanasinghe DN, Wisitrassameewong K, Tibpromma S. 2018. Thailand’s amazing diversity: up to 96% of fungi in northern Thailand may be novel. Fungal Diversity 93: 215–239.
Karun NC, Sridhar KR. 2013. Occurrence and distribution of Termitomyces (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in the Western Ghatsand on the west coast of India. Czech Mycology 65(2): 233–254.
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. 2008. Anisworth and Bisby’s Dictionary of Fungi. 10th ed. Wallingford, UK: Cab International.
Kosakul T, Boasri A, Chalermpongse A, Kuhiran M. 2007. Genetic diversity of Termitomyces in central Thailand using isozyme markers. The journal of scientific research Chulalongkorn University 32: 63–72.
Kumar S., Stecher G., Tamura K.. 2016. MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol. Biol. Evol. 33(7): 1870-1874.
Largent LD. 1973. How to Identify Mushrooms to Genus I: Macroscopic Features. Mad River Press, Inc., California.
Largent LD, Johnson D, Watling R. 1977. How to Identify Mushrooms to Genus III: Microscopic Features. Eureka Printing Co. Inc., Eureka. 148pp.
Marc Stadler Hussain S, Afshan NS, Ahmad H, Khalid AN. 2015. New report of edible mushroom, Termitomyces unkowaan, from Pakistan. Sylwan 159(6): 185–197.
Mossebo DC, Njounkou AL, Piatek M, Kengni Ayissi B, Djamndo Djasbe M. 2009. Termitomyces striatus f. pileatus f. nov. and f. brunneus f. nov. from Cameroon with a key to central African species. Mycotaxon 107: 315–329.
Nakamura T, Yamada KD, Tomii K, Katoh K. 2018. Parallelization of MAFFT for large-scale multiple sequence alignments. Bioinformatics 34(14): 2490–2492.
Nobre T, Eggleton P, Aanen DK. 2010. Vertical transmission as the key to the colonization of Madagascar by fungus-growing termites?. Proc. Biol. Sci. 277(1680): 359–365.
Olila D, Kyeyune G, Kabasa JD, Kisovi I, Munishi PKT. 2007. Assessment of potential for domestication of Termitomyces microcarpus: an indigenous edible and medicinal mushroom from Lake Victoria basin. Agricultural Journal 2: 627?631.
Otieno NC. 1964. Contributions to knowledge of termite fungi in East Africa. Proceedings of the East African Academy 11: 108?120.
Pegler DN, Vanhaecke M. 1994. Termitomyces of Southeast Asia. UK: Kew Bulletin.
Pitchayangkul S. 1998. Termitomyces sp. and Fusan-hybrid Mushrooms. The war veterans organization printing, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Raja HA, Miller AN, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. 2017. Fungal identification using molecular tools: a primer for the natural products research community. J. Nat. Prod. 80(3): 756–770.
Rouland-Lefevre C, Diouf MN, Brauman A, Neyra M. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships in Termitomyces (Family Agaricaceae) based on the nucleotide sequence of ITS: A first approach to elucidate the evolutionary history of the symbiosis between fungus-growing termites and their fungi.
Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 22(3): 423–429.
Sangvichien E, Taylor-Hawksworth PA. 2001. Termitomyces mushrooms: a tropical delicacy. Mycologist 15: 31–33.
Sangwanit U, Suwannarit P, Payapanon A, Luangsa-ard J, Chandrasrikul A, Sakolrak B. 2013. Checklist of mushrooms. Biodiversity-based economy development office (Public Organization), Bangkok, 374 p. (In Thai)
Seifert KA. 2009. Progress towards DNA barcoding of fungi. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 9: 83–89.
Siddiquee S, Yee WY, Taslima K, Fatihah NN, Kumar SV, Hasan MM. 2012. Sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer regions in Termitomyces heimii species. Ann. Microbiol. 62: 797–803.
Tanticharoen M. 2004. Introduction to Thai biodiversity. In: Jones EBG, Tantichareon M & Hyde KD (Eds.) Thai Fungal Diversity. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand, pp. 1–6.
Taprab Y, Ohkuma M, Johjima T, Maeda Y, Moriya S, Inoue T, Suwanarit P, Noparatnaraporn N, Kudo T. 2002. Molecular phylogeny of symbiotic basidiomycetes of fungus-growing termites in Thailand and their relationship with the host. Biosci. Biotech. Bioch. 66: 1159–1163.
Taylor JW, Jacobson DJ, Kroken S, Kasuga T, Geiser DM, Hibbett DS, Fisher MC, 2000. Phylogenetic species recognition and species concepts in fungi. Fungal Genetics and Biology 31: 21–32.
The Royal Institute. 1996. Edible mushrooms and poisonous mushrooms in Thailand. The Royal Institute Publication, Bangkok. (in Thai)
Tibuhwa DD, Kivaisi AK, Magingo FSS. 2010. Utility of the macro-micromorphological Characteristics used in classifying the species of Termitomyces. Tanz. J. Sci. 36: 31–45.
Vilgalys R, Hester M. 1990. Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus Species. J. Bacteriol. 172(8): 4238-4246.
Wei TZ, Tang BH, Yao YJ. 2009. Revision of Termitomyces in China. Mycotaxon 108: 257–285.
Wei TZ, Tang BH, Yao YJ, Pegler DN. 2006. A revision of Sinotermitomyces, a synonym of Termitomyces (Agaricales). Fungal Diversity 21: 225–237.
Wei TZ, YAO YJ, Wang B, Pegler DN. 2004. Termitomyces bulborhizus sp. nov. from China, with a key to allied species. Mycol.Res. 108(12): 1458–1462.
White TJ, Bruns T, Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylognetics, pp. 315 -322. In MA Innis, DH. Gelfand, JJ. Sninsky, and JW. White, eds. A Guide to Molecular Methods and Applications. Academic Press, New York.
Xu J, Adamowicz S. 2016. Fungal DNA barcoding. Genome 59: 913–932.
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