Short Communication: The effect of water quality on the population density of Pterygoplichthys pardalis in the Ciliwung River, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Abstract. Elfidasari D, Wijayanti F, Muthmainah HF. 2020. Short Communication: The effect of water quality on the population density of Pterygoplichthys pardalis in the Ciliwung River, Jakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4100-4106. The quality of waters is determined by the average value of the measured parameter range with a direct impact on aquatic biota due to pollution. The Ciliwung River is one of the polluted waters in Jakarta, which is the habitat for Pterygoplichthys pardalis (plecos catfish) that dominates the river. This study, therefore, aimed to analyze the influence of Ciliwung River quality on the density of P. pardalis. Data were obtained by measuring DO, BOD, pH, rainfall, temperature, water clarity, turbidity, current velocity, river depth, ammonia, and phosphate levels, as well as the fish population density. The research result showed that the density of P. pardalis population was greatly influenced by the DO, BOD, pH, turbidity, and ammonia parameters of the Ciliwung River. The waters quality with the DO condition of 2.6 mg/L, BOD of 1,2 mg/L, pH of 7.2, the turbidity of 3.85 FTU and ammonia of 2.65 ppm were the optimum conditions for the highest population density of P. pardalis in the Ciliwung River
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References
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Anhwange, B. & Edith, A., 2012. Impact assessment of human activities and seasonal variation on river benue, within Makurdi Metropolis. International J. of Science and Technology, 2(5), pp. 248-254.
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Boyd, C. E., 1990. Water quality in ponds for aquaculture. Birmingham: Birmingham Publishing Co.
da Cruz, A. L. et al., 2013. Air breathing behavior and physiological responses to hypoxia and air exposure in the air breathing Loricariid fish, Pterygoplichthys anisitsi. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, Volume 39, pp. 243-256.
Dauda , A. B., Ajadi, A., Tola-Fabunmi, A. S. & Akinwole, A. O., 2019. Waste production in aquaculture: source, components and managements in different culture system. Aquaculture and Fisheries, Volume 4, pp. 81-88.
De-Merona, B. & Ranking de-Merona, J., 2004. Food resource partitioning in a fish community of the Central Amazone floodolain. Neotrop. Ichthyol, 2(2), pp. 75-84.
Duarte, S. & Araujo, F. G., 2002. Fecundity of the Hypostomus affinis (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) in the lakes reservoirs, Rio de Jainero, Brazil. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 50(1), pp. 193-197.
Elfidasari, D., Qoyyimah, F. D. & Fahmi, M. R., 2016. Morphometric and meristic of common pleco (Loricariidae) on Ciliwung river watershed south Jakarta region. International Journal of Adnvance Research, 4(11), pp. 57-62.
Evans, D. H., 2010. Freshwater fish gill ion transport: August krogh to morpholinos and microprobes. Acta Physiologica, Volume 201, pp. 1-11.
Ferraris Jr, C., 1991. Catfish in the aquarium. Morris Plains: Tetras Press.
Gibbs, M. A., Kurth, B. N. & Bridges, C. D., 2013. Age and growth of the loricariid catfish Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus in Volusia Blue Spring, Florida. Aquat. Invasions, Volume 8, pp. 207-218.
Guenard, G. et al., 2015. A spatially-explicit assesment of the fish population response to flow management in a heterogenous landscape. Ecasphere, 7(5), pp. 1-12.
Guntur, G., Yanuar, A. T., Sari, S. H. & Kurniawan, A., 2017. Water quality analysis based on pollution index in East Part of Surabaya Coastal area. Depik, 6(1), pp. 81-89.
Hadiaty, R., 2011. Diversity and loss of fizh species in the Ciliwung River and Cisadane River. Berita Biologi, 10(4), pp. 491-504.
Halwa, A., 2016. Bioaccumulation of heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Cr) in pleco flesh from upstream of CIliwung river, Jakarta: Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah.
Hockley, F. A., Wilson, C. A. M. E., Brew, A. & Cable, J., 2013. Fish responses to flow velocity and turbulence in relation to size, sex and parasite load. J. R. Soc. Interface, Volume 11, pp. 8-14.
Hubilla, M., Kis, F. & Primavera, J., 2007. Janitor fish Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus in the Agusan Marsh: a threat to freshwater biodiverity. J. of Environmental Science and Management, 10(1), pp. 10-23.
Hussan, A., Arabinda, D. & Tanmoy, G. C., 2016. Suckermouth sailfin catfishes: a future threat to aquatic ecosystem of India. Aquaculture Times, 3(14), pp. 1-12.
Josefsson, M. & Andersson, B., 2001. The environmental consequences of alien species in the Swedish Lakes Malaren, Hjalmaren, Vanern and Vattern. Ambio, 30(8), pp. 514-521.
Kisku, S. et al., 2017. A cross-sectional study on water quality in realtion to fish diversity of Pachim Medinipur, West Bengal, India through geoinformatic approaches. Egyptian J. of Aquatic Research, Volume 43, pp. 283-289.
Krebs, J. C., 1972. The experimental analysis of the distribution and abundance. 3 penyunt. New York: Harper and Rowl Publi..
Levin, B. A., Phuong, P. H. & Pavlon, D. S., 2008. Discovery of the Amazon sailfin catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) (Teleostei: Loricariidae) in Vietnam. J. Appl. Ichthyol, Volume 24, pp. 715-717.
MacCormack, T. J. et al., 2003. Mitochondrial KATP Channels and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Influence Cardiac Force Development Under Anoxia in The Amazonian Armored Catfish Liposarcus pardalis.. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Volume 134, pp. 441-448.
Mahdiah, E., 2010. The effect of the addition of binding material on the phisical characteristics of otak-otak from pleco (Liposarcus pardalis) flesh, Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Maturbong, M. R., 2015. The influence of the level of turbidity of the water on the composition of macro algae species ini Rutong_Leahari water.. Agricola, 5(1), pp. 21-31.
Nair, A. M., Reshma, J. K., Mathew, A. & Aswathy, A. J., 2015. Effect of water quality on phytoplankton abundance in selected ponds of Nedumangad Block Panchayat, Kerala. Emer. Life Sci. Res, 1(2), pp. 35-40.
Nico, L. et al., 2012. Discovery of south American suckermouth armored catfish (Loricariidae, Pterygoplichthys spp.) in the Santa Fe River drainage, SUwannee Riser Basin, USA.. Bioinvasions Records, 1(3), pp. 179-200.
Nico, L. G., 2010. Nocturnal and diurnal activity of suckermouth catfish (Loricariidae: Pterygoplichthys) associated with winter Florida manatees. Neotropical Ichtyology, Volume 8, pp. 893-893.
Nugroho, A. A., Rudiyanti, S. & Haerudin, 2014. The Effectiveness of the use of broom fish to improve the quality of ish processing wastewater (depend on BOD, COD, TOM). Diponegoro Journal of Maquares, 3(4), pp. 15-23.
Odum, E. P., 1988. Fundamental of ecology. Philadelphia: WB Sounders Company.
Pambudi, A., Priambodo, T. W., Noriko, N. & Basma, 2016. Ciliwung River phytoplankton diversity after the "Ciliwung Bersih" programme. J. Al Azhar Indonesia Seri Sains dan Teknologi, 3(4), pp. 204-211.
Pescod, M. B., 1973. Investigation of National Affluence and Stream Standart for Tropical Countriens., San Fransisco: U.S. Army Research and Development Group.
Power, M. E., 1990. Resource enhancement by indirect effects of grazers:armored catfish, algae, and sediment.. Ecology, 71(2), pp. 897-904.
Pysek, P. & Richardson, D. M., 2010. Invasive species environmental change and management and health. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour, Volume 35, pp. 25-55.
Rosnaeni, Elfidasari, D. & Fahmi, M. R., 2017. DNA Barcodes of the Pleco (Loricariidae, Pterygoplichthys) in the Ciliwung River.. International Journal of Advance Research, 5(2), pp. 33-45.
Rubio, V. Y., Gibbs, M. A., Work, K. A. & Bryan, C. E., 2016. Abundant feces from an exotic armored catfish, Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (Weber, 1991), create nutrient hotspots and promote algal growth in a Florida spring. Aquatic Invasions, 11(3), pp. 337-350.
Salmin, 2005. Disolved Oxigen (DO) and Biological Oxigen Demand (BOD) as one indicator of water quality. Jurnal Oseana, Volume 30, pp. 21-26.
Shetty, A., Venkateshwarlu, M. & Muralidharan, M., 2015. Effect of water quality on the composition of fish communities in three coastal rivers of Karnataka, India. Int'l J. of Aquatic Biology, 3(1), pp. 42-51.
Sinha, R. K., Sinha, R. K., Sarkar, U. K. & Lakra, W. S., 2010. First record of the southern sailfin catfish, Pterygoplichthys anisitsi Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 (Teleostei: Loricariidae), in India. J. Appl. Ichthyol, Volume 26, pp. 606-608.
Sugiyono, 2007. Methods of Qualitative and Quantitave Research. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Tatangindatu, F., Kalesaran, O. & Rompas, R., 2013. Study of water chemical physics parameters in the fish farming area in Danau Tondano, Desa Paleloan, Minahasa.. Budidaya Perairan, 1(2), pp. 8-19.
Van den Ende, O., 2014. Burrowing by Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthys sp.): A Potential Cause of Erosion in Disturbed Environments. Aquatic Nuisance Species Research Program, Volume 14, pp. 1-19.
Yildiz , H. Y. et al., 2017. Fish welfare in aquaponic systems: its relation to water qualoty with an emphasis on feed and faeces-A review. Water, 9(13), pp. 1-17.
Yossa, M. I. & Araujo-Lima, C., 2011. Detritivory in two Amazonian fish species. Journal of Fish Biology, 50(2), pp. 1141-1153
Anguiar, L. F. & Di-Bernardo, M., 2004. Diet and feeding behavior of Helicops infrataeniatus (Serpentes: Colubridae: Xenodontinae) in Southern Brazil.. Studies on Neotropical fauna and environment, 39(1), pp. 7-14.
Anhwange, B. & Edith, A., 2012. Impact assessment of human activities and seasonal variation on river benue, within Makurdi Metropolis. International J. of Science and Technology, 2(5), pp. 248-254.
Barbour, A. B., Allen, M. S., Frazer, T. K. & Sherman, K. D., 2011. Evaluating the potential efficacy of invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans) removals.. PloS One, 6(5), pp. 1-7.
Barus, T. A., 2004. Introduction to limnology studies on terestrial water ecosystem. Medan: USU Press.
Bonini, M., Lescano, J. J., Haro , J. G. & Leynaud, G. C., 2009. Diet of Hydromedusa tectifera (Testudines-Chelidae) in a mountain stream of Cordoba Province, Argentina. Amphibia-Reptilia, 30(4), pp. 545-554.
Boyd, C. E., 1990. Water quality in ponds for aquaculture. Birmingham: Birmingham Publishing Co.
da Cruz, A. L. et al., 2013. Air breathing behavior and physiological responses to hypoxia and air exposure in the air breathing Loricariid fish, Pterygoplichthys anisitsi. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, Volume 39, pp. 243-256.
Dauda , A. B., Ajadi, A., Tola-Fabunmi, A. S. & Akinwole, A. O., 2019. Waste production in aquaculture: source, components and managements in different culture system. Aquaculture and Fisheries, Volume 4, pp. 81-88.
De-Merona, B. & Ranking de-Merona, J., 2004. Food resource partitioning in a fish community of the Central Amazone floodolain. Neotrop. Ichthyol, 2(2), pp. 75-84.
Duarte, S. & Araujo, F. G., 2002. Fecundity of the Hypostomus affinis (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) in the lakes reservoirs, Rio de Jainero, Brazil. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 50(1), pp. 193-197.
Elfidasari, D., Qoyyimah, F. D. & Fahmi, M. R., 2016. Morphometric and meristic of common pleco (Loricariidae) on Ciliwung river watershed south Jakarta region. International Journal of Adnvance Research, 4(11), pp. 57-62.
Evans, D. H., 2010. Freshwater fish gill ion transport: August krogh to morpholinos and microprobes. Acta Physiologica, Volume 201, pp. 1-11.
Ferraris Jr, C., 1991. Catfish in the aquarium. Morris Plains: Tetras Press.
Gibbs, M. A., Kurth, B. N. & Bridges, C. D., 2013. Age and growth of the loricariid catfish Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus in Volusia Blue Spring, Florida. Aquat. Invasions, Volume 8, pp. 207-218.
Guenard, G. et al., 2015. A spatially-explicit assesment of the fish population response to flow management in a heterogenous landscape. Ecasphere, 7(5), pp. 1-12.
Guntur, G., Yanuar, A. T., Sari, S. H. & Kurniawan, A., 2017. Water quality analysis based on pollution index in East Part of Surabaya Coastal area. Depik, 6(1), pp. 81-89.
Hadiaty, R., 2011. Diversity and loss of fizh species in the Ciliwung River and Cisadane River. Berita Biologi, 10(4), pp. 491-504.
Halwa, A., 2016. Bioaccumulation of heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Cr) in pleco flesh from upstream of CIliwung river, Jakarta: Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah.
Hockley, F. A., Wilson, C. A. M. E., Brew, A. & Cable, J., 2013. Fish responses to flow velocity and turbulence in relation to size, sex and parasite load. J. R. Soc. Interface, Volume 11, pp. 8-14.
Hubilla, M., Kis, F. & Primavera, J., 2007. Janitor fish Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus in the Agusan Marsh: a threat to freshwater biodiverity. J. of Environmental Science and Management, 10(1), pp. 10-23.
Hussan, A., Arabinda, D. & Tanmoy, G. C., 2016. Suckermouth sailfin catfishes: a future threat to aquatic ecosystem of India. Aquaculture Times, 3(14), pp. 1-12.
Josefsson, M. & Andersson, B., 2001. The environmental consequences of alien species in the Swedish Lakes Malaren, Hjalmaren, Vanern and Vattern. Ambio, 30(8), pp. 514-521.
Kisku, S. et al., 2017. A cross-sectional study on water quality in realtion to fish diversity of Pachim Medinipur, West Bengal, India through geoinformatic approaches. Egyptian J. of Aquatic Research, Volume 43, pp. 283-289.
Krebs, J. C., 1972. The experimental analysis of the distribution and abundance. 3 penyunt. New York: Harper and Rowl Publi..
Levin, B. A., Phuong, P. H. & Pavlon, D. S., 2008. Discovery of the Amazon sailfin catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) (Teleostei: Loricariidae) in Vietnam. J. Appl. Ichthyol, Volume 24, pp. 715-717.
MacCormack, T. J. et al., 2003. Mitochondrial KATP Channels and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Influence Cardiac Force Development Under Anoxia in The Amazonian Armored Catfish Liposarcus pardalis.. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Volume 134, pp. 441-448.
Mahdiah, E., 2010. The effect of the addition of binding material on the phisical characteristics of otak-otak from pleco (Liposarcus pardalis) flesh, Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Maturbong, M. R., 2015. The influence of the level of turbidity of the water on the composition of macro algae species ini Rutong_Leahari water.. Agricola, 5(1), pp. 21-31.
Nair, A. M., Reshma, J. K., Mathew, A. & Aswathy, A. J., 2015. Effect of water quality on phytoplankton abundance in selected ponds of Nedumangad Block Panchayat, Kerala. Emer. Life Sci. Res, 1(2), pp. 35-40.
Nico, L. et al., 2012. Discovery of south American suckermouth armored catfish (Loricariidae, Pterygoplichthys spp.) in the Santa Fe River drainage, SUwannee Riser Basin, USA.. Bioinvasions Records, 1(3), pp. 179-200.
Nico, L. G., 2010. Nocturnal and diurnal activity of suckermouth catfish (Loricariidae: Pterygoplichthys) associated with winter Florida manatees. Neotropical Ichtyology, Volume 8, pp. 893-893.
Nugroho, A. A., Rudiyanti, S. & Haerudin, 2014. The Effectiveness of the use of broom fish to improve the quality of ish processing wastewater (depend on BOD, COD, TOM). Diponegoro Journal of Maquares, 3(4), pp. 15-23.
Odum, E. P., 1988. Fundamental of ecology. Philadelphia: WB Sounders Company.
Pambudi, A., Priambodo, T. W., Noriko, N. & Basma, 2016. Ciliwung River phytoplankton diversity after the "Ciliwung Bersih" programme. J. Al Azhar Indonesia Seri Sains dan Teknologi, 3(4), pp. 204-211.
Pescod, M. B., 1973. Investigation of National Affluence and Stream Standart for Tropical Countriens., San Fransisco: U.S. Army Research and Development Group.
Power, M. E., 1990. Resource enhancement by indirect effects of grazers:armored catfish, algae, and sediment.. Ecology, 71(2), pp. 897-904.
Pysek, P. & Richardson, D. M., 2010. Invasive species environmental change and management and health. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour, Volume 35, pp. 25-55.
Rosnaeni, Elfidasari, D. & Fahmi, M. R., 2017. DNA Barcodes of the Pleco (Loricariidae, Pterygoplichthys) in the Ciliwung River.. International Journal of Advance Research, 5(2), pp. 33-45.
Rubio, V. Y., Gibbs, M. A., Work, K. A. & Bryan, C. E., 2016. Abundant feces from an exotic armored catfish, Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (Weber, 1991), create nutrient hotspots and promote algal growth in a Florida spring. Aquatic Invasions, 11(3), pp. 337-350.
Salmin, 2005. Disolved Oxigen (DO) and Biological Oxigen Demand (BOD) as one indicator of water quality. Jurnal Oseana, Volume 30, pp. 21-26.
Shetty, A., Venkateshwarlu, M. & Muralidharan, M., 2015. Effect of water quality on the composition of fish communities in three coastal rivers of Karnataka, India. Int'l J. of Aquatic Biology, 3(1), pp. 42-51.
Sinha, R. K., Sinha, R. K., Sarkar, U. K. & Lakra, W. S., 2010. First record of the southern sailfin catfish, Pterygoplichthys anisitsi Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 (Teleostei: Loricariidae), in India. J. Appl. Ichthyol, Volume 26, pp. 606-608.
Sugiyono, 2007. Methods of Qualitative and Quantitave Research. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Tatangindatu, F., Kalesaran, O. & Rompas, R., 2013. Study of water chemical physics parameters in the fish farming area in Danau Tondano, Desa Paleloan, Minahasa.. Budidaya Perairan, 1(2), pp. 8-19.
Van den Ende, O., 2014. Burrowing by Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthys sp.): A Potential Cause of Erosion in Disturbed Environments. Aquatic Nuisance Species Research Program, Volume 14, pp. 1-19.
Yildiz , H. Y. et al., 2017. Fish welfare in aquaponic systems: its relation to water qualoty with an emphasis on feed and faeces-A review. Water, 9(13), pp. 1-17.
Yossa, M. I. & Araujo-Lima, C., 2011. Detritivory in two Amazonian fish species. Journal of Fish Biology, 50(2), pp. 1141-1153
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