Morphotype diversity of Prorocentrum lima in the western part of Indonesian waters
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RIANI WIDIARTI
♥
NEVIATY PUTRI ZAMANI
DIETRIECH GEOFFREY BENGEN
HAWIS MADDUPPA
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4260-5625
Abstract
Abstract. Widiarti R, Zamani NP, Bengen DG, Madduppa H. 2021. Morphotype diversity of Prorocentrum lima in the western part of Indonesian waters. Biodiversitas 22: 609-616. Prorocentrum lima is one of the toxic benthic dinoflagellates, known to produce various toxins, including okadaic acid and dinophysis toxins. The species have a wide range of morphological variability, and possess morphotype diversity, which makes it essential to have detailed morphology observation for identification and other purposes. However, such comprehensive observation has never been reported from Indonesian waters. This study aims to determine the morphological characteristics (including pore size and number of pores) of P. lima morphotypes, in the western part of Indonesian waters (Bintan Island, Belitung Island, Seribu Islands, and Karimunjawa Islands). The results showed three different and unique morphotypes of P. lima, namely morphotype 1, morphotype 2, and morphotype 3. Three clusters were presented by Cluster Analysis, corresponded to the three morphotypes, which were Belitung Island clusters, Seribu Islands and Karimunjawa Islands cluster, and Bintan Island cluster, respectively. These findings support distribution of P. lima and its potential risk of toxicity in Indonesian waters, which prompts the necessity of conducting future research, to avoid the negative impact.
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References
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Widiarti R, Pudjiarto RK, Pratama I. 2016a. Potentially toxic benthic dinoflagellate in Gili Meno and Gili Air waters, Lombok. In: Setyawan AD, Sugiyarto, Pitoyo A, Sutomo, Widiastuti A, Windarsih G (eds.) Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia 5(3). Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 7 November 2015. [Indonesian]
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Yusuf M. 2013. Coral reef condition and fish potency in Karimunjawa National Park waters, Jepara District]. Bull Oseanografi Mar (2): 54-60. [Indonesian]
Zhang H, Li Y, Cen J, Wang H, Cui L, Dong Y, Lu S. 2015. Morphotypes of Prorocentrum lima (Dinophyceae) from Hainan Island, South China Sea: morphological and molecular characterization. Phycologia 54(5): 503-516.
Chomérat N, Bilien G, Zentz F. 2019. A taxonomical study of Prorocentrum species (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae) from Anse Dufour (Martinique Island, eastern Carribean Sea). Mar Biodiv 49(3): 1299-1319.
De Sylva DP. 1994. Distribution and ecology of ciguatera fish poisoning in Florida, with emphasis on the Florida Keys. Bull Mar Sci 54(3): 944-954.
Dwivayana TMS, Thamrin, Efriyeldi. 2015. Analysis of the abundance of benthic dinoflagellate on the artificial substrate at Padang City waters, West Sumatera. J Ilmu Lingkungan (9): 122-130. [Indonesian]
Eboni W, Thamrin, Mubarak. 2015. The distribution of toxic benthic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus sp., Prorocentrum sp. and Ostreopsis sp. on Sargassum sp. in the coastal of Nipah River, Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra Province. https://jom.unri.ac.id/ [Indonesian]
Estradivari, Setyawan E, Yusri S. 2009. Jakarta’s coral reef: Long term observation on coral reef at Seribu Islands (2003-2007). Indonesian Coral Reef Foundation, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Faust MA. 1990. Morphologic details of six benthic species of Prorocentrum (Pyrrophyta) from a mangrove island, Twin Cays, Belize, including two new species. J Phycol (26): 548-558.
Fukuyo Y. 1981. Taxonomical study on benthic dinoflagellates collected in coral reefs. Bull Japan Soc Sci Fish 47(8): 967-978.
Grzebyk D, Sako Y, Berland B. 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of nine species of Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) inferred from 18S Ribosomal DNA sequences, morphological comparisons, and description of Prorocentrum panamensis, sp. Nov. 1055. J Phycol (34): 1055-1068.
Hoppenrath M, Chomérat M, Horiguchi T, Schweikert M, Nagahama Y, Murray S. 2013. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the benthic Prorocentrum species (Dinophyceae) - A proposal and review. Harmful Algae (27): 1-28.
Hoppenrath M, Murray SA, Chomérat N, Horiguchi T. 2014. Marine Benthic Dinoflagellate: Unveiling Their Worldwide Biodiversity. Senckenberg-Reihe, Germany.
Nagahama Y, Fukuyo Y. 2005. Redescription of Cryptomonas lima, collected from Sorrento, Italy, the basionym of Prorocentrum lima. Plankton Biol Ecol 52(2): 107-109.
Oktavian B, Thamrin, Siregar YI. 2017. Analysis of epiphytic dinoflagellates on Thalassia hemprichii at Nirwana Beach Waters, Kabung Bay District, Padang City, West Sumatera Province. https://jom.unri.ac.id. [Indonesian]
Seygita V, Thamrin, Siregar YI. 2015. Analisis Kelimpahan Dinoflagellata Bentik Beracun di Perairan Teluk Bayur, Sumatera Barat. Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia (2): 92-99. [Indonesian]
Skinner MP, Lewis RJ, Morton S. 2011. The abundance of potentially toxic epiphytic dinoflagellates and nutrients from Bali and Gili Trawangan, Indonesia. Mar Res Indo (36): 11-23. https://doi.org/10.14203/mri.v36i2.38
Sneath PHA. 2005. Numerical taxonomy. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM (eds.) Bergey's manual® of systematic bacteriology 2(Pt A): The Proteobacteria, introductory essay. Springer, USA
Steidinger KA, Baden DG. 1984. Toxic marine Dinoflagellates. In: Spector DC (ed.) Dinoflagellates. Academic Press, New York
Susetiono, Pratomo A, Kurniawan D, Susiana. 2016. Monitoring on the health of the coral reef and related ecosystem at Bintan District 2014. UMRAH - CRITC - LIPI, Tanjung Pinang. [Indonesian]
Thamrin. 2014. Analysis of benthic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, and Prorocentrum density on the west coast of Sumatera Island and Bintan Island coast in Riau Archipelago, Indonesia. In: Hutauruk RM, Heltonika B, Karnila R, Windarti, Syawal H, Efriyeldi (eds.) Proceeding of 3rd International Seminar of Fisheries and Marine Science. University of Riau, Pekanbaru, 9-10 October 2014. https://repository.unri.ac.id/handle/123456789/8121
Widiarti R. 2002. Epibenthic dinoflagellate on macroalgae at Penjaliran Barat Island reef flat, Jakarta Bay. Sains Indonesia 1(7): 1-9. [Indonesian]
Widiarti R. 2010. Dinoflagellate which cause Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) in Belitung Island waters. In: Nababan B (ed.) Prosiding Pertemuan Ilmiah Tahunan ISOI VII. Ikatan Sarjana Oseanologi Indonesia, Pangkalpinang, 4 October 2010. [Indonesian]
Widiarti R. 2011. Toxic dinoflagellate, which causes Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in Seribu Islands waters, North Jakarta: Preliminary study on species distribution. In: Nababan B, (ed.) Prosiding Pertemuan Ilmiah Nasional Tahunan ISOI VIII. Ikatan Sarjana Oseanologi Indonesia, Makassar, 25-27 September 2011. [Indonesian]
Widiarti R, Adi APW. 2016. The potentially toxic benthic dinoflagellate in Pahawang Besar dan Kelagian Kecil Islands, Lampung. In: Nababan B (ed.) Prosiding Pertemuan Ilmiah Nasional Tahunan ISOI XII. Ikatan Sarjana Oseanologi Indonesia, Banda Aceh, 10-12 December 2015. [Indonesian]
Widiarti R, Pudjiarto RK. 2015. Dinoflagellata Toksik Penyebab Ciguatera Fish Poisoning di Perairan Pulau Tidung, Kepulauan Seribu. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Biologi 1(1): 5-8. [Indonesian]
Widiarti R, Pudjiarto RK, Pratama I. 2016a. Potentially toxic benthic dinoflagellate in Gili Meno and Gili Air waters, Lombok. In: Setyawan AD, Sugiyarto, Pitoyo A, Sutomo, Widiastuti A, Windarsih G (eds.) Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia 5(3). Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 7 November 2015. [Indonesian]
Widiarti R, Pudjiarto RK, Fathoniah I, Adi APW. 2016b. Epiphytic dinoflagellate on macroalgae which potentially cause Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in Weh Island waters, Aceh. In: Setyawan AD, Sugiyarto, Pitoyo A, Sutomo, Widiastuti A, Windarsih G. (eds.) Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia 2(1). Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 23 April 2016. [Indonesian]
Yusuf M. 2013. Coral reef condition and fish potency in Karimunjawa National Park waters, Jepara District]. Bull Oseanografi Mar (2): 54-60. [Indonesian]
Zhang H, Li Y, Cen J, Wang H, Cui L, Dong Y, Lu S. 2015. Morphotypes of Prorocentrum lima (Dinophyceae) from Hainan Island, South China Sea: morphological and molecular characterization. Phycologia 54(5): 503-516.
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