Morphological characteristics and habitat conditions of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) around Mount Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia
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Abstract. Mutaqin AZ, Kurniadie D, Iskandar J, Nurzaman M, Husodo T. 2021. Morphological characteristics and habitat conditions of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) around Mount Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2591-2600. Indonesia is a country that has abundant biodiversity, especially the diversity of plant species. One of the plant species that widely distributed across Indonesia is Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson, or locally known as suweg. This study aims to identify morphological characteristics of A. paeoniifolius and its habitat conditions around Mount Ciremai National Park, West Java Province, Indonesia. Several stages of the exploratory survey were randomly carried out followed by purposive intensive observations. The method used to collect and analyze data is qualitative methods combined with simple measurements of quantitative technique. The results showed that suweg in the studied areas had distinctive morphological characteristics, which are different from the rest of the species from Amorphophallus genus. The plant is found in 4 types of land, namely home gardens, gardens, rice fields, and pond edges, whether with open or closed canopy conditions. The density of suweg in the study area is generally low. The climatic and edaphic conditions of suweg habitat in several study areas showed that there are a lot of similarities of conditions with other references. There are also 156 species of plants found that grow around suweg, both in the category of cultivated and wild plants. This- study enriches the existing knowledge on the botanical and ecological information of A. paeoniifolius in the context of geographical area (i.e., Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia).
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References
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Sitanggang RSH, Wahyudi K, & Tafonao P. 2017. Analysis of the relationship between altitude and species and classification of flora in the Sibolangit Forest area. Tunas Geografi, 6 (2): 124-130
Sulistiyo, RH., Soetopo L., dan Damanhuri. 2015. Exploration and identification of the morphological characters of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri B.) in East Java. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman 3 (5): 353-361 [Indonesia]
Supriati Y. 2016. Biodiversity of Iles-iles (Amorphophallus spp.) and its potency for functional food, cosmetics, and bioethanol industries. J Litbang Pertanian 35 (2): 69-80 [Indonesian]
Sutoyo. 2010. Indonesia's biodiversity (An overview: Problems and solutions). Buana Sains, 10 (2): 101-106 [Indonesia]
Toledo M, Pena-Claros M, Bongers F, Alarcon A, Balcazar J, Chuvina J, Leano C, Licona JC, and Poorter L. Distribution patterns of tropical woody species in response to climatic and edaphic gradients. Journal of Ecology, 100: 253-263
Trimanto & Hapsari L. 2016. Botanical survey in thirteen montane forests of Bawean Island Nature Reserve, East Java Indonesia: Flora diversity, conservation status, and bioprospecting. Biodiversitas, 17 (2): 832-846
Xu W-B, Svenning J-C, Chen G-K, Zhange M-G, Huang J-H, Chen B, Ordonez A, and Ma K-P. 2019. Human activities have opposing effects on distributions of narrow-ranged and widespread plant species in China. PNAS Latest Articles: 1-8. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1911851116
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Yuzammi. 2018. The diversity of aroids (Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, conservation and utilization. Biodiversitas 19 (1): 140-152
Zuquim G, Costa FRC, Tuomisto H, Moulatlet GM, & Figueiredo FOG. 2020. The importance of soils in predicting the future of plant habitat suitability in a tropical forest. Plant Soil, 450: 151-170
Bamford MJ & Calver MC. 2014. A precise definition of habitat is needed for effective conservation and communication. Australian Zoologist:, 37 (2): 245-247.
Beyene M, Mohammed M, and Nigatu L. 2018. Plant species diversity and structure in home garden agroforestry system of Bulen District, North-Western Ethiopia. Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, 7 (3): 121-132
Creswell, John W. 2014. Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Research Approaches. Yogyakarta, Pustaka Pelajar [Indonesia]
Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. 2020. World checklist of useful plant species. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London
Fonge BA, Focho DA, Egbe EA, Tening AS, Fongod AN, Neba GA, and Mvondo ZA. 2011. The effect of climate and edaphic factors on plant colonisation of lava flows on Mount Cameroon. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, 3 (8): 255-267
Fujimara S, Shi P, Iwama K, Zhang X, Gopal J, and Jitsuyama Y. Effect of altitude on the response of net photosynthetic rate to carbon dioxide increase by Spring Wheat. Plant Prod. Sci, 13 (2): 141-149
Heriyansyah F, Soetopo L, Saptadi D. 2017. Exploration and identification of the morphological characteristics of the Suweg plant (Amorphophallus campanulatus BI) in East Java. J Produksi Tanaman 5 (3): 377-382. [Indonesian]
Hatfield JL & Prueger JH. 2015. Temperature extremes: Effect on plant growth and development. Weather and Climate Extremes, 1-7
Hetterscheid WLA & Ittenbach S. 1996, “Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Amorphophallus, But Were Afraid to Stick Your Nose Into!!!!!”. Aroideana 19: 7–131.
Hetterscheid WLA & Mangelsdorff RD. 2006. Notes on the genus Amorphophallus 14 new species from Madagascar. Aroideana, 29: 44-52
Hickman, C.P. Jr., Roberts, L.S., Keen, S.L., Larson, A. And Eisenhour, D.J. 2012. Animal Diversity. 6th edition. McGraw-Hill, New York
Hidayat, S. 2019. Short Communication: The study of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) and other undergrowth species in teak plantation forest of Temengeng, Blora, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20 (1): 37-42
Indonesian Institute of Sciences. 2014. The uniqueness of Indonesia's biodiversity in 2014. Jakarta, LIPI Press [Indonesia]
Indriyani, S., Arisoesilaningsih E., Wardiyati T., and Purnomobasuki H. 2011. A model of relationship between climate and soil factors related to
oxalate content in porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) corm. Biodiversitas 12 (1): 45-51
Iskandar J. and Iskandar BS. 2011. Sundanese Agroecosystems. Edition 1. Kiblat Buku Utama, Bandung [Indonesia]
Iskandar J and Iskandar BS. 2016. Plant Architecture: The structure of rural homegardens and urban green open spaces. Edition 1. Teknosain, Yogyakarta [Indonesia]
Jintan, Yuzammi, Suwastika I. N., and Pitopang R. 2015. Botany Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Dennst. Nicolson (Araceae) in Palu Valley. Jurnal of Natural Science 4 (1): 17-31 [Indonesia]
Knox, B., Ladiges, P., Evans, B and Saint, R. 2010. Biology: an Australian Focus. McGraw-Hill Australia, Pty. Ltd., North Ryde N.S.W
Kromer T, Acebey A, Kluge J, and Kessler M. 2013. Effects of altitude and climate in determining elevational plant species richness patterns: A case study from Loz Tuxtlas, Mexico. Flora, 208: 197-210
Kumar PKR, Kolli SK, Suneetha, J, and Hemanth G. 2015. Cultivation of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson (Elephant Foot Yam) in Kovvur Mandal of West Godavari District, Andhrapradesh India. International Journal of Current Research, 7 (05): 15549-15553
Kumar R & Kumar V. 2018. A review of phylogeography: biotic and abiotic factors, Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes, DOI: 10.1080/24749508.2018.1452486
Kurniawan A., Wibawa I. P. A. H., & Adjie B. 2011. Species diversity of Amorphophallus (Araceae) in Bali and Lombok with attention to genetic study in A. paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson. Biodiversitas 12 (1): 7-11
Luo LM and Zhang WJ. 2014. A review on biological adaptation: with applications in engineering science. Selforganizology, 1(1): 23-30
Mandal R. Nag S. Tarafdar J. Mitra S. 2016. A comparison of efficiency parameters of SSR markers genetic diversity analysis in Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson. Braz Arch Biol Tech 59: 1-7
Mulyati, Djufri, & Supriatno. 2017. Vegetation analysis of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson shade in Padang Tiji District, Pidie Regency. Student Scientific Journal of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Unsyiah , 2 (1): 98-106
Mutaqin AZ, Kurniadie D, Iskandar J, Nurzaman M, & Partasasmita R. 2020a. Ethnobotany of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius): Folk classification, habitat, and traditional conservation in Cisoka Village, Majalengka District, Cimanuk Watershed Region, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21 (2): 546-555
Mutaqin AZ, Kurniadie D, Iskandar J, Nurzaman M, & Partasasmita R. 2020b. Ethnobotany of suweg, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius: Utilization and cultivation in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21 (4): 1635-1644
Mutaqin AZ, Kurniadie D, Iskandar J, Nurzaman M, & Partasasmita R. 2020c. Ethnobotany of suweg, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius: Morphology, folk classification, and habitat in area around Mt Ciremai, Cimanuk Watershed Region, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21 (8): 3898-3909
Permatasari M., Pitoyo A., dan Suratman. 2014. The diversity of suweg (Amorphophallus campanulatus) in the former Surakarta residency is based on morphological, anatomical, and isozyme banding patterns. Bioteknologi 11 (1): 11-18. [Indonesian]
Sedayu A., Eurlings MCM., Gravendeel B., Hetterscheid WLA. 2010. Morphological character evolution of Amorphophallus (Araceae) based on a combined phylogenetic analysis of trnL, rbcL, and LEAFY second intron sequences. Botanical Studies, 51: 473-490
Sitanggang RSH, Wahyudi K, & Tafonao P. 2017. Analysis of the relationship between altitude and species and classification of flora in the Sibolangit Forest area. Tunas Geografi, 6 (2): 124-130
Sulistiyo, RH., Soetopo L., dan Damanhuri. 2015. Exploration and identification of the morphological characters of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri B.) in East Java. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman 3 (5): 353-361 [Indonesia]
Supriati Y. 2016. Biodiversity of Iles-iles (Amorphophallus spp.) and its potency for functional food, cosmetics, and bioethanol industries. J Litbang Pertanian 35 (2): 69-80 [Indonesian]
Sutoyo. 2010. Indonesia's biodiversity (An overview: Problems and solutions). Buana Sains, 10 (2): 101-106 [Indonesia]
Toledo M, Pena-Claros M, Bongers F, Alarcon A, Balcazar J, Chuvina J, Leano C, Licona JC, and Poorter L. Distribution patterns of tropical woody species in response to climatic and edaphic gradients. Journal of Ecology, 100: 253-263
Trimanto & Hapsari L. 2016. Botanical survey in thirteen montane forests of Bawean Island Nature Reserve, East Java Indonesia: Flora diversity, conservation status, and bioprospecting. Biodiversitas, 17 (2): 832-846
Xu W-B, Svenning J-C, Chen G-K, Zhange M-G, Huang J-H, Chen B, Ordonez A, and Ma K-P. 2019. Human activities have opposing effects on distributions of narrow-ranged and widespread plant species in China. PNAS Latest Articles: 1-8. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1911851116
Yuzammi, Kurniawan A., Asih NPS., Erlinawati I., and Hetterscheid W. 2017. The Amorphophallus of Indonesia. Center for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bogor
Yuzammi. 2018. The diversity of aroids (Araceae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia: Collection, conservation and utilization. Biodiversitas 19 (1): 140-152
Zuquim G, Costa FRC, Tuomisto H, Moulatlet GM, & Figueiredo FOG. 2020. The importance of soils in predicting the future of plant habitat suitability in a tropical forest. Plant Soil, 450: 151-170
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