Mangrove condition at a marine conservation area at Moramo Bay, Sulawesi, Indonesia
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Issue
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Abstract. Oetama D, Hakim L, Lelono TD, Musa M. 2023. Mangrove condition at a marine conservation area at Moramo Bay, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6536-6544. The mangrove ecosystem is one ecosystem that supports biodiversity at the Marine Conservation Area (MCA) in Moramo Bay, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The area of the mangrove ecosystem in Moramo Bay is approximately 1,933.09 hectares, with an MCA of 1,281.46 hectares. This ecosystem plays an important role in protecting the coastline from erosion due to the seawater filtration process in the bay. This study aims to provide information regarding the status of mangrove ecosystem in the MCA, including species, density, basal area, dominance, and canopy cover percentage, which was used to state the standard criteria for mangrove ecosystem damage. The methods involved a 10×10 m² transect and hemispherical photography using a fisheye lens with a 180° field of view. Seven species of mangrove were found in Moramo Bay MCA, including Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam. (dominating with a basal area value of 136,963.66), followed by Sonneratia alba Sm. (153,111.90), Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (113,708.04), Rhizophora stylosa Griffith (28,869.95), Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lam.) M.Roem. (9,326.59), Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. (3,419.46), and Rhizophora apiculata Blume with a basal area value of 1,690.11. The density of mangrove vegetation was in the criteria of rare to dense, with approximately 800-4,200 individuals per hectare. Furthermore, the mangrove ecosystem in the MCA was found to be damaged up to good condition, with canopy cover percentage values of 45.85%-98.88%. The condition of the mangrove ecosystem in Moramo Bay MCA preserves a basic deliberation for the Indonesian government for adaptive and sustainable management of conservation areas. Protection, preservation, and utilization of mangrove ecosystems should be maximized in all coastal areas to improve the quality of biodiversity.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
References
Ahmed S, Sarker SK, Friess DA, Kamruzzaman Md, Jacobs M, Sillanpa M, Naabeh CSS, Pretzsch H. 2023. Mangrove tree growth is size-dependent across a large-scale salinity gradient. For Ecol Manag 537: 120954. DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120954.
Bengen DG. 2000. Technical Guidelines for Introduction and Management of Mangrove Ecosystems. Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Cintron G, Novelli YS. 1984. Methods for studying mangrove structure. In: Snedaker SC, Snedaker JS (eds.). The Mangrove Ecosystem: Research Methods. UNESCO, Paris.
Come J, Peer N, Nhamussua JN, Miranda NAF, Macamo CCF, Cabral AS, Madivadua H, Zacarias D, Narciso J, Snow B. 2023. A socio-ecological survey in Inhambane Bay mangrove ecosystems: Biodiversity, livelihoods, and conservation. Ocean Coast Manag 244: 106813. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023106813.
Cooray PLIGM, Jayawardana DT, Gunathilake BM, Pupulewatte PGH. 2019. Characteristics of tropical mangrove soils and relationships with forest structural attributes in the northern coast of Sri Lanka. Reg Stud Mar Sci 44(5): 10174. DOI: 10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101741.
Eddy S, Ridho MR, Iskandar I, Mulyana A. 2019. Species composition and structure of degraded mangrove vegetation in the Air Telang Protected Forest, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2119-2127. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200804
English S, Wilkinson C, Baker V. 1997. Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resource (2nd Edition). Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville.
Feng Z, Tan G, Xia J, Shu C, Chen P, Wu M, Wu X. 2020. Dynamics of mangrove forests in Shenzhen Bay in response to natural and anthropogenic factors from 1988 to 2017. J Hydrol 591: 125271. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125271.
Fournier RA, Hall RJ. 2017. Hemispherical Photography in Forest Sciences: Theory, Methods, Application. Springer, New York.
Friess DA, Richards DR, Phang VXH. 2016. Mangrove forests store high densities of carbon across the tropical urban landscape of Singapore. Urban Ecosyst 19: 795-810. DOI: 10.1007/s11252-015-0511-3
Giesen W, Wulffraat S, Zieren M, Scholten L. 2006. Mangrove guidebook for Southeast Asia. FAO and Wetlands International, Netherlands.
Halili, Bahtiar, Haya LOMY, Permatahati YI. 2019. Habitat management in the lobster seed fishing area in Ranooha Raya Village, South Konawe Regency. In: Sara L, Nur I, Mustafa A (eds.). Implementation of Fisheries and Marine Science and Technology Innovation in Realizing the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals; Proceedings of the 3rd National Seminar on Sustainable Fisheries and Marine Affairs. Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, 14 September 2019. [Indonesian]
Hanggara BB, Murdiyarso D, Ginting YRS, Widha YL, Panjaitan GY, Lubis AA. 2021. Effects of diverse mangrove management practices on forest structure, carbon dynamics and sedimentation in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 259: 107467. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107467.
Hasim. 2021. Mangrove ecosystem, seagrass, coral reef: its role in self-purification and carrying capacity in coastal areas. IJPASR 2(1): 37-49. DOI: 10.47667/ijpasr.v2i1.93.
Henseler C, Nordstrom MC, Tornroos A, Snickars M, Pecuchet L, Lindegren M, Bondorff E. 2019. Coastal habitats and their importance for the diversity of benthic communities: A species- and trait-based approach. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 226: 106272. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2019.106272.
Idris NS, Mustapha MA, Sulaiman N. 2022. Analysis of mangrove distribution using satellite images in Rembau River, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Reg Stud Mar Sci 54: 102494. DOI: 10.1016/j.rsma.2022.102494.
Ilman M, Dargusch P, Dart P, Onrizal. 2016. A historical analysis of the drivers of loss and degradation Indonesia’s mangroves. Land use policy 54:448-459. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.03.010.
Iuit LRC, M’Rabet SM, Avalos JE, Hector Hernandez-Arana HA, Adame HL, Henaut Y. 2020. Genetic structure and connectivity of the red mangrove at different geographic scales through a complex transverse hydrological system from freshwater to marine ecosystems. Diversity 12: 1-19. DOI:10.3390/d12020048.
James RK, Keyzer LM, Van de Velde SJ, Herman PMJ, Van Katwijk MM, Bouma TJ. 2023. Climate change mitigation by coral reefs and seagrass beds at risk: how global change compromises coastal ecosystem services. Sci Total Environ 857(3): 159576. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159576.
Korhonen L, Korhonen KT, Rautiainen M, Stenberg P. 2016. Estimation of forest canopy cover: a comparison of field measurement techniques. Silva Fenn 40(4): 577-588. DOI: 10.14214/sf.315.
Kantharajan G, Pandey PK, Krishnan P, Ragavan P, Jeevamani JJJ, Purvaja R. , Ramesh R. 2018. Vegetative structure and species composition of mangroves along the Mumbai coast, Maharashtra, India. Reg Stud Mar Sci 19: 1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.rsma.2018.02.011.
Kusmana C, Hidayat T, Istomo, Rusdiana O. 2018. Growth performance of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza derived from cut-propagule seedling. Biodiversitas 19: 208-214. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190128.
Maini B, Blythe JL, Darling ES, Gurney GG. 2023. Charting the value and limits of other effective conservation measures (OECMs) for marine conservation: A Delphi study. Mar Pol 147: 105350. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105350.
Malhi Y, Franklin J, Seddon N, Solan M, Turner MG, Field CB and Knowlton N. 2020. Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions. Phil Trans R Soc B 375: 20190104. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0104.
Martin C, Almahasheer H, Duarte CM. 2019. Mangrove forests as traps for marine litter. Environ Pollut 247: 449-508. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.067.
McAlpine KG, Lamoureaux SL, Timmins SM. 2021. Understory vegetation provides clues to succession in woody weed stands. N Z J Ecol 45: 1-10. DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.45.4.
McIntosh E, Pressey RL, Lloyd S, Smith RJ and Grenyer R. 2017. Annual review of environment and resources. The impact of systematic conservation planning. Annu Rev Environ Resour 42: 677-97. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-enviro-102016-060902.
Mohd Razali S, Nuruddin AA, Kamarudin N. 2020. Mapping mangrove density for conservation of the ramsar site in Peninsular Malaysia. Int J Conserv Sci 11: 153-164.
Njana MA. 2020. Structure, growth, and sustainability of mangrove forests of mainland Tanzania. GECCO 24: e01394. DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01394.
Nopiana M, Yulianda F, Sulistiono, Fahrudin A. 2020. Condition of shore and mangrove area in the coastal area of Karawang Regency Indonesia. AACL Bioflux 13(2): 553-569.
Perera KARS, Amarasinghe MD, Somaratna S. 2013. Vegetation structure and species distribution of mangroves along a soil salinity gradient in a micro tidal estuary on the North-western Coast of Sri Lanka. Am J Sci 1(1): 7-15. DOI: 10.12691/marine-1-1-2.
Pototan BL, Capin NC, Delima AGD, Novero AU. 2021. Assessment of mangrove species diversity in Banaybanay, Davao Oriental, Philippines. Biodiversitas 22: 144-153. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220120.
Prameswari AASR. 2015. Analisis indeks vegetasi mangrove menggunakan citra satelit ALOS AVNIR-2 (Studi Kasus: Estuari Perancak, Bali). Geoid 11: 40-45. DOI: 10.12962/j24423998.v11i1.1094 [Indonesian]
Pricillia CC, Herdiansyah H, Patria MP. 2021. Environmental condition to support blue carbon storage in mangrove forest: A case study in the mangrove forest, Nusa Lembongan, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3304-3314. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220636.
Purwanto RH, Mulyana B, Sari PI, Hidayatullah MF, Marpaung AA, Putra ISR, Putra AD.2021. The environmental services of Pangarengan mangrove forest in Cirebon, Indonesia: conserving biodiversity and storing carbon. Biodiversitas 22: 5609-5616. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221246.
Raganas AFM, Magcale-Macandog DBM. 2020. Physicochemical factors influencing zonation patterns, niche width, and tolerances of dominant mangroves in southern Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. Ocean Life 4: 51-62. DOI: 10.13057/oceanlife/o040201.
Rahman, Wardiatno Y, Yulianda F, Rusmana I. 2020. Socio-ecologycal system of carbon-based mangrove ecosystem on the coast of West Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux 13(2): 518–528.
Rasquinha DN and Mishra DR. 2021. Impact of wood harvesting on mangrove forest structure, composition and biomass dynamics in India. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 428: 106974. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106974.
Reimer JM, Devillers R, Trouillet B, Ban NC, Agardy T, Claudet J. 2023. Conservation ready marine spatial planning. Mar Policy 153: 105655. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105655.
Rovai AS, Coelho-Jr C, Almeida Rd, Lignan MC, Menghini RP, Twilley RR, Molero GC, Novelli YS. 2021. Ecosystem-level carbon stocks and sequestration rates in mangroves in the Cananéia-Iguape lagoon estuarine system, southeastern Brazil. For Ecol Manag 479: 118553. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118553.
Santos MCFV, Zieman JC, Cohen RRH. 1997. Interpreting the upper midlittoreal zonation patterns of mangroves in Maranhao (Brazil) in response to microtopography and hydrology. In: Kjerfve B, Lacerda LD, Diop EHS (eds.). Mangrove Ecosystem Studies in Latin America and Africa. UNESCO, Paris.
Saiyood S, Inthorn D, Vangnai AS and Thiravetyan. 2013. Phytoremediation of bisphenol A and total dissolved soli by the mangrove plant, Bruguiera gymnorhiza. Int J Phytoremediation 15: 427-438. DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2012.71096.
Singh JK. 2020. Structural characteristics of mangrove forest in different coastal habitats of Gulf of Khambhat arid region of Gujarat, west coast of India. Heliyon 6: e04685. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04685.
Srikanth S, Lum SKY, Chen Z. 2016. Mangrove root: adaptations and ecological importance. Trees 30: 451-465. DOI: 10.1007/s00468-015-1233-0.
Srau M, Bawole R, Marwa J, Sinery AS, Cabuy RL. 2022. Diversity, composition, structure and canopy cover of mangrove trees in six locations along Bintuni riverbank, Bintuni Bay, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5835-5843. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231137.
Suwa R, Rollon R, Sharma S, Yoshikai M, Albano GMG, Ono K, Adi NS, Ati RNA, Kusumaningtyas MA, Kepel TL, Maliao RJ, Primavera-Tirol YH, Blanco AC, Nadaoka K. 2021. Mangrove biomass estimation using canopy height and wood density in the South East and East Asian regions. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 248: 106937. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106937.
Syarif W, Nasution S, Mubarak. 2022. Structure of the mangrove community in Batang Masang Beach Tiku V Jorong Tanjung Mutiara District Agam Regency West Sumatera. JOCOS 3(2):85-93. DOI: 10.31258/jocos.3.2.85-93. [Indonesian]
Tasidale SN, La Sara, Halili. 2020. Habitat preferences for lobster seeds (Panulirus spp.) in the Staring Bay conservation area, Moramo District, South Konawe. Jurnal Manajemen Sumber Daya Perairan 5(3): 200-209. [Indonesian]
Tomlinson PB. 2016. The Botany of Mangroves. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Umroh, Adi W, Sari SP. 2016. Detection of mangrove distribution in Pongok Island. Procedia Environ Sci 33: 253-257. DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2016.03.076.
Ward RD, de Lacerda LD, Cerqueira AS, Silva VHMC, Hernandez OC. 2023. Vertical accretion rates of mangroves in northeast Brazil: Implications for future responses and management. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 289: 108382. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108382
Wijayanto C, Yulianda F, Imran Z. 2021. The core zone decisive of marine conservation area in Southeast Sulawesi using marxan. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ 967: 1-10. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/967/1/012001.
Yudha RP, Sugito YS, Sillanpää M, Nurvianto S. 2021. Impact of logging on the biodiversity and composition of flora and fauna in the mangrove forests of Bintuni Bay, West Papua, Indonesia. For Ecol Manag 488: 119038. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119038.
Yuvaraj E, Dharanirajan K, Saravanan, Balasubramaniam J. 2017. Distribution and zonation pattern of mangrove forest in Shoal Bay Creek, Andaman Islands, India. Ind J Geo Mar Sci 46(3): 597- 604.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- MUHAMMAD MUSA, EVELLIN DEWI LUSIANA, NANIK RETNO BUWONO, SULASTRI ARSAD, MOHAMMAD MAHMUDI, The effectiveness of silvofishery system in water treatment in intensive whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) ponds, Probolinggo District, East Java, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 21 No. 10 (2020)
- SULASTRI ARSAD, KHABIB TAUFIQ PUTRA, NURUL LATIFAH, MIFTAHUL KHAIR KADIM, MUHAMMAD MUSA, Epiphytic microalgae community as aquatic bioindicator in Brantas River, East Java, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
- EVELLIN DEWI LUSIANA, MUHAMMAD MUSA, SYAHRIL RAMADHAN, Determinants of Nile tilapia’s (Oreochromis niloticus) growth in aquaculture pond in Batu, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
- YOSEPH NAHAK SERAN, SUDARTO SUDARTO, LUCHMAN HAKIM, ENDANG ARISOESILANINGSIH, Sandalwood (Santalum album) growth and farming success strengthen its natural conservation in the Timor Island, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 19 No. 4 (2018)
- DEDY OETAMA, MUHAMMAD FAJAR PURNAMA, Freshwater gastropod community in South Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
- IHWAN, USLAN, WIDODO, LUCHMAN HAKIM, Genetic diversity of Rhizophora mucronata in eastern region of Timor Island, Indonesia as revealed by RAPD , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 20 No. 11 (2019)
- ASUS MAIZAR SURYANTO HERTIKA, SRI SUDARYANTI, MUHAMMAD MUSA, KASYFUL AMRON, RENANDA BAGHAZ DZULHAMDHANI SURYA PUTRA, MUHAMMAD ASNIN ALFARISI, M. ROSYIDI HIDAYAT, MAYA PERTIWI, MARSA FATIN HALIMAH, Benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators to detect the level of water pollution in the upstream segment of Brantas River Watershed in Malang, East Java, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
- SLAMET MARDIYANTO RAHAYU, JATI BATORO, KURNIASIH SUKENTI, LUCHMAN HAKIM, Ethnobotanical study of peraq api ritual in Sasak Tribe of Lombok Island, Indonesia and its potential for sustainable tourism , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
- CATUR RETNANINGDYAH, SATRIA CAHYA FEBRIANSYAH, LUCHMAN HAKIM, Evaluation of the quality of mangrove ecosystems using macrozoobenthos as bioindicators in the Southern Coast of East Java, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)