Autecology of Amorphophallus gigas in Batang Natal Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Issue
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Abstract. Rambey R, Rahmawaty, Suratman MN, Rauf A, Nababan ESM, Delvian, Aththorick TA, Ismail MH, Gendaseca S. 2024. Autecology of Amorphophallus gigas in Batang Natal Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2887-2900. Amorphophallus gigas Teijsm. & Binn., a member of the Araceae family, is distributed across Sumatra, particularly within the Batang Natal watershed of Mandailing Natal District. This plant population thrives significantly under the forest canopy in high-humidity environments, such as a watershed, despite being exposed to certain challenges. The Batang Natal Watershed, spanning 70.5 km and originating in the Batang Natal Sub-district, is frequently subjected to mining activities. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the autecology of A. gigas in the watershed, focusing on factors such as occurrence, associated plant species, vegetation composition, and soil characteristics. The occurrences of A. gigas were identified through direct interviews with the local community, complemented by field collection of coordinate points in five villages. The vegetation around A. gigas habitats was then analyzed using nested sampling with a plot size of 1 ha. There was no A. gigas in Aek Garingging Village despite the reported presence in 2020, while there were nine individuals in each village of Rao-Rao and Lubuk Bondar Panjang and six and three individuals in Bangkelang and Aek Nangali, respectively. There were 63 tree and 39 understory species recorded around the A. gigas habitat. Lubuk Bondar was dominated by Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg. across several strata, with generally low to very low associations. Bangkelang was characterized by Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm. in the pole and tree strata, with similarly low associations. In Rao-Rao, Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner was prominent in the seedling and sapling strata, showing low but consistent associations, and Selaginella willdenowii (Desv.) Baker in the understorey had a high positive association. The dominant species in each site typically had low to very low associations with other species, indicating limited ecological connectivity with A. gigas. The spatial distribution of A. gigas suggested a clumped pattern to ensure A. gigas preservation in the Batang Natal Watershed, it is essential to designate the plant's natural habitat as an in situ conservation area.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
References
REFERENCES
Aglanu, L. M. (2014). Watersheds and rehabilitation measures – A Review. Resources and Environment 4(2): 104–114. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.re.20140402.04
Amaral MK, Netto P, Lingnau, Filho F. 2014. Evaluation of the Morisita index for determination of the spatial distribution of species. J Applied Ecology And Environmental Research 13(2): 361-372. DOI: 10.15666/aeer/1302_361372
Ashan MA, Bahrun AH, Ashan MD. 2023. Amorphophallus muelleri blume diversity based on morphological characteristics in South Sulawesi. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 123(1):1-7.
Bykova, O., I. Chuine & X. Morin (2019). Highlighting the importance of water availability in reproductive processes to understand climate change impacts on plant biodiversity. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 37: 20–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2019.01.003
Brower JE, Zar JH & Ende CNV. 1989. Field and laboratory method for general ecology fourth edition. McGraw-Hill Publication. Boston, USA. xi + 273p.
Cantonati, M., S. Poikane, C. M. Pringle, L. E. Stevens, E. Turak, J. Heino, … & P. Znachor (2020). Characteristics, main impacts, and stewardship of natural and artificial freshwater environments: Consequences for biodiversity conservation. Water 12(1): 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010260
Dharma W, Zakaria R. 2022. Vegetation analysis of 10 urban forests in the city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia.Biodiversitas 23:4131-4137. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230834
Flotemersch, J. E., S. G. Leibowitz, R. A. Hill, J. L. Stoddard, M. C. Thoms & R. E. Tharme (2016). A Watershed integrity definition and assessment approach to support strategic management of watersheds. River Research and Applications 32(7): 1654–1671. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2978
Fontarum-Bulawin NF, Medecilo-Guiang MMP, Calaramo MA, Alejandro GJD. 2023. Palynology of Philippine Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne.(Araceae) and its taxonomic implications. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 24(7).
Indriyanto. 2008. Ekologi Hutan. Bumi Aksara. Angkasa Pres. Jakarta.
Handayani T, Yuzammi, Hadiah JT. 2020. Inflorescence morphology and development of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 21(12).
Hidayat S. 2019. The study of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) and other undergrowth species in teak plantation forestof Temengeng, Blora, Indonesia.Biodiversitas 20: 37-42.
Kakishima S, Terajima Y, Murata J, Tsukaya H. 2010. Infrared thermography and odour composition of the Amorphophallus gigas (Araceae) inflorescence: the cooling effect of the odorous liquid. Plant Biology 13 (3), pp. 502-507, Wiley, ISSN 1435-8603.
Ludwig, J.A. and Reynolds, J.F. (1988). Statistical Ecology: A Primer on Methods and Computing. Wiley-Interscience Pub., New York.
Komsiati dan Achyani 2021 Struktur dan Komposisi Tumbuhan pada Habitat Bunga Bangkai (Amorphophallus titanum Becc) Cagar Alam Pagar Gunung IV Kepahiang Bengkulu. J Biolova Vol 2 No 1.
Magurran, A.E. 1988. Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement. New Jersey. Princeton University Press.
Mayor, S., E. Allan, F. Altermatt, F. Isbell, M. E. Schaepman, B. Schmid & P. A. Niklaus (2023). Diversity–functioning relationships across hierarchies of biological organization. Oikos 2024(1): e10225. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10225.
Munawaroh E, Yuzammi. 2017. Peta Sebaran Populasi A. titanum (Becc.) Becc. ex Arcang di Lampung, Sumatera: Upaya Menuju Proposal Ke IUCN Red Data List Dan Konservasi Ex Situ. Buletin Kebun Raya 20(2): 119-129.
Mursyidin DH, Hernanda MA. 2021. Phylogenetic positions of three Amorphophallus species natively growing in the Meratus Mountains, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2821-2828.
Mutaqin AZ, Kurniadie D, Iskandar J, Nurzaman M, Husodo T. 2021. Morphological characteristics and habitat conditions of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) around Mount Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia.Biodiversitas 22:2591-2600
Mutaqin, A. Z., D. Kurniadie, J. Iskandar, M. Nurzaman & R. Partasasmita (2020a). Ethnobotany of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius): Folk classification, habitat, and traditional conservation in Cisoka Village, Majalengka District, Cimanuk Watershed Region, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21(2): 546 – 555. https://doi.org/10.1088/10.13057/biodiv/d210216
Mutaqin, A. Z., D. Kurniadie, J. Iskandar, M. Nurzaman & R. Partasasmita (2020b). Ethnobotany of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius: Morphology, folk classification, and habitat in area around Mt. Ciremai, Cimanuk Watershed Region, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21(8): 3898–3909. https://doi.org/ 10.13057/biodiv/d210861
Mutaqin, A. Z., D. Kurniadie, D., J. Iskandar, M. Nurzaman, E. N. Megantara, T. Husodo, … & S. S. Shanida (2023). The local knowledge and potential of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) in the Citanduy and Cimanuk watersheds of West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24(1): 324–332. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240139
Naidu, M.T. & Kumar O. A., (2016). Tree diversity, stand structure and community composition of tropical forests in eastern Ghats of Andhra Peadesh, India. Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 9(3). DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2016.03.019
Nursanti, Wulan C, Felicia MR. 2019. Bioekologi Bunga Bangkai (Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc.) Di Desa Muara Hemat Resort Kerinci Selatan Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat (Bioecology of titan arum (Amorphophallus titanium (Becc.) Becc.) In Muara Hemat Village, South Kerinci Resort, Kerinci Seblat National Park). Jurnal Silva Tropika Vol 3 (2).
Odum. 1996. Fundamental of ecology. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Purwowidodo. 2004. Practicum guide to knowing soil forest sciences (in Indonesian). Laboratory of Forest Influence Forest Management Department, Faculty of Forestry, IPB. Bogor
Ramadhania AF, Wijayanto FN, Mubarok Z, Bagus MI, Matondang MR. 2022. The Spatial Analysis of Water Quality in Batang Natal River Estuary Area, MandailingNatal Regency, North Sumatra. Insparagonsociety. Vol 1 (2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.54482/PROBILITAS
Rambey, R., Rahmawaty, A. Rauf & E. S. M. Nababan (2023). Association of Amorphophallus gigas on rubber land cover in the Sabungan Village, South Labuhanbatu, North Sumatra. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1241(1): 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1241/1/012001
Rambey, R., Rahmawaty, A. Rauf & E. S. M. Nababan (2022). Identification of the generative phases of Amorphophallus gigas in the Sabungan Village and Langga Payung Village, Sungai Kanan District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1115(1): 012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1115/1/012026
Rambey, R., Rahmawaty, A. Rauf & E. S. M. Nababan (2021). Phenology of the bunga bangkai (Amorphophallus gigas) in North Padang Lawas, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 782(3): 032019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/782/3/032019
Rambey R, Saputra N, Rambe IF, Nopandry B, Zunaidi S, Christy EL, Setiawan T, Afifuddin Y, Hartanto A. 2023. Population and autecology of the endangered Rafflesia meijeriin Batang Gadis National Park, Indonesia.Biodiversitas 24:1845-1852. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240360
Rugayah, K. S. Yulita, D. Arifiani, H. Rustiami & D. Girmansyah (2017). Tumbuhan Langka Indonesia: 50 Jenis Tumbuhan Terancam Punah. LIPI Press, Jakarta, xiv+157 pp.
Saputro ME, Qomariah UKN, Faizah M. 2022. Analysis Morphological Character and Relationship of Suweg (Amorphophallus campanulatus) Plant in Jombang District. AGARICUS: Advances Agriculture Science & Farming, 1(3):101-108.
Silva, L. C. R. & H. Lambers (2020). Soil-plant-atmosphere interactions: structure, function, and predictive scaling for climate change mitigation. Plant and Soil 461: 5–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04427-1
Steinecke, Hilke. 2016. Amorphophallus gigas blüht erstmals im Palmengarten. Der Palmengarten. 80(1):47-50, DOI 10.1111/j.1438- 8677.2010.00399.x, https://doi.org/10.21 248/palmengarten.29 3
Stohlgren TJ, Falkner MB, Scehell LD. 1995. A Modified-Wittaker nested vegetation sampling method. J vegetation 117: 113-121
Sumarwoto, S. (2005). Iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume); Description and other characteristics. Biodiversitas 6(3): 185–190. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d060310
Suratissa, D. M. & Rathnayake, U.S. (2016). Diversity and distribution of fauna of the Nasese Shore, Suva, Fiji, Islands with reference to existing threats to the biota. Asia-Pacific Biodiversity. 9 (2016): 11-16.
Sundarapandian S., Swamy P. 2000. Forest ecosystem structure and composition along an altitudinal gradient in the Western Ghats, South India. J Trop ForSci12: 104-123.
Wahidah BF, Afiati N, Jumari. 2021. Community knowledge of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume: Cultivation and utilization in Central Java, Indonesia.Biodiversitas 22:2731-2738. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220722
Wang, G., S. Mang, H. Cai, S. Liu, Z. Zhang, L. Wang & J. L. Innes (2016). Integrated watershed management: evolution, development and emerging trends. Journal of Forestry Research 27: 967–994. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-016-0293-3
Wahyu J, Virgota A, Sukiman, Farista B dan Suripto. 2022. Preliminary Study: Habitat Characteristics of Amorphophallus spp. to Support Cultivation Development in East Lombok. Jurnal Biologi Tropis 2 (1): 62 – 69
Willig, M. R., D. M. Kaufman & R. D. Stevens (2003). Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: Pattern, process, scale, and synthesis. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34: 273–309. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.012103.144032
Wulandari, R. S., S. Ivo & H. Darwati (2022). Population distribution of Amorphophallus at several altitudes in Mount Poteng, Raya Pasi Nature Reserve, West Kalimantan. Jurnal Sylva Lestari 10(1): 167–179. https://doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v10i1.552
Yuzammi, Y. (2014). Conservation status of Amorphophallus discophorus Backer & Alderw. (Araceae) in Java, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 14(1): 27–33. https://doi.org/10.55981/reinwardtia.2014.392
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- RIDAHATI RAMBEY, ARIDA SUSILOWATI, AHMAD BAIQUNI RANGKUTI, ONRIZAL ONRIZAL , DESRITA, RIO ARDI, ADRIAN HARTANTO, Plant diversity, structure and composition of vegetation around Barumun Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
- DENI ELFIATI, DELVIAN, HAMIDAH HANUM, ARIDA SUSILOWATI, HENTI HENDALASTUTI RACHMAT, Potential of phosphate solubilizing fungi isolated from peat soils as inoculant biofertilizer , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 6 (2021)
- RAHMAWATY, SINTIKE FRASTIKA, ABDUL RAUF, RIDWANTI BATUBARA, FITRAH SYAWAL HARAHAP, Land suitability assessment for Lansium domesticum cultivation on agroforestry land using matching method and geographic information system , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 21 No. 8 (2020)
- IFHAM FUADI RAMBE, RIDAHATI RAMBEY, SAHLAN SIREGAR, Species diversity, abundance, and wildlife conservation status in Batang Gadis National Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 11 (2021)
- RAHMAWATY, J.B. SAMOSIR, R. BATUBARA, A. RAUF, Diversity and distribution of medicinal plants in the Universitas Sumatera Utara Arboretum of Deli Serdang, North Sumatra, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 20 No. 5 (2019)
- RAHMAWATY, SINTIKE FRASTIKA, RUTH MARIA ELTIANA MARPAUNG, RIDWANTI BATUBARA, ABDUL RAUF, Short Communication: Use of Geographic Information System for mapping of Aquilaria malaccensis land suitability in North Sumatra, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 20 No. 9 (2019)
- SIMON H. SIDABUKKE, TERNALA ALEXANDER BARUS, BUDI UTOMO, DELVIAN, The undergrowth composition and distribution in different forest area utilization , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
- NOORAIMY RAZALI, MOHD HASMADI ISMAIL, NORIZAH KAMARUDIN, PAKHRIAZAD HASSAN ZAKI, Short Communication: Effect of skid trails on the regeneration of commercial tree species at Balah Forest Reserve, Kelantan, Malaysia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 15 No. 2 (2014)
- RIDAHATI RAMBEY, ARIDA SUSILOWATI, NELLY ANNA, Genetic diversity of mindi (Melia azedarach) from community forest in Deli Serdang, North Sumatra, Indonesia revealed by microsatellite marker , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 20 No. 6 (2019)
- DESRITA, FANNI K. HASUGIAN, ERI YUSNI, VINDY R. MANURUNG, RIDAHATI RAMBEY, Feeding habits of Tinfoil barb, Barbonymus schwenenfeldii in the Tasik River, South Labuhanbatu, North Sumatra, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)