Antibacterial activity and bioactive compounds of symbiotic bacterial isolates from Polycarpa aurata in Barrang Lompo Island, Makassar, Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Abstract Views: 366
File Views: 93
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract. Herwin, Alam G, Sartini, Hasan N, Rahim A, Rante H, Yulianti R, Rahman L. 2025. Antibacterial activity and bioactive compounds of symbiotic bacterial isolates from Polycarpa aurata in Barrang Lompo Island, Makassar, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2339-2354. Polycarpa aurata is a marine organism capable of producing secondary metabolites from its symbiont microorganism and has therapeutic potential, such as antitumor and antimicrobial. P. aurata isolated from the symbiont bacteria obtained the AQ2-1 isolate, and secondary metabolites were produced through fermentation to obtain the AQ2-1 fermented ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate extract was a bioactive compound isolated using radial chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography to obtain isolate 1 and isolate 2. Using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy analysis, one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy, the structure of the compound showed an adenine riboside compound (isolate 1), which has a ? max of 242 nm, 10 carbon atoms, 13 hydrogen atoms, 5 nitrogen atoms, 4 oxygen atoms, and molecular formula of C10H13N5O4, m/z 267, and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate (isolate 2), which has a ? max of 218 nm, 24 carbon atoms, 38 hydrogen atoms, 4 oxygen atoms, and a molecular formula of C24H38O4, m/z 390. Based on an analysis of the biological activity of compounds 1 and 2 using bioautography thin-layer chromatography, these compounds were found to be active against Escherichia coli ATTC 25922, Salmonella typhi NCTC 786, Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Vibrio cholerae ATCC 25175 bacteria.
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Al Tanto T, Kusumah G. 2016. Waters quality in Bungus Bay based on sea water quality standards in different season. Maspari J 8 (2): 135-146. [Indonesian]
Ambarwati A, Wahyuono S, Moeljopawiro S, Yuwono T. 2020. Antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate extracts of Streptomyces sp. CRB46 and the prediction of their bioactive compounds chemical structure. Biodiversitas 21: 3380-3390. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210763.
Ariani N, Niah R. 2019. Antibacterial activity test of ethanol extract unripe kepok banana’s skin ethanol extract in vitro. Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung 5 (2): 161-166. DOI: 10.51352/jim.v5i2.270. [Indonesian]
Asmara AP, Prasansuklab A, Tencomnao T, Ung AT. 2023. Identification of phytochemicals in bioactive extracts of Acacia saligna growing in Australia. Molecules 28 (3): 1028. DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031028.
Aulia UN. 2011. Eksplorasi potensi dan fungsi senyawa bioaktif Ascidian didemnum Molle sebagai antifouling. [Ho, Thesis]. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Ayuningrum D, Kristiana R, Nisa AA, Radjasa SK, Muchlissin SI, Radjasa OK, Sabdono A, Trianto A. 2019a. Bacteria associated with tunicate, Polycarpa aurata, from Lease Sea, Maluku, Indonesia exhibiting anti-multidrug resistant bacteria. Biodiversitas 20 (4): 956-964. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200404.
Ayuningrum D, Liu Y, Riyanti, Sibero MT, Kristiana R, Asagabaldan MA, Wuisan ZG, Trianto A, Radjasa OK, Sabdono A, Schäberle TF. 2019b. Tunicate-associated bacteria show great potential for the discovery of antimicrobial compounds. PLoS One 14 (3): e0213797. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213797.
Boss R, Overesch G, Baumgartner A. 2016. Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus from raw fish and seafood imported into Switzerland. J Food Prot 79 (7): 1240-1246. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-463.
Carrano L, Marinelli F. 2015. The relevance of chemical dereplication in microbial natural product screening. J Appl Bioanal 1 (2): 55-67. DOI: 10.17145/jab.15.010.
Casertano M, Imperatore C, Luciano P, Aiello A, Putra MY, Gimmelli R, Ruberti G, Menna M. 2019. Chemical investigation of the Indonesian tunicate Polycarpa aurata and evaluation of the effects against Schistosoma mansoni of the novel alkaloids Polyaurines A and B. Mar Drugs 17 (5): 278. DOI: 10.3390/md17050278.
Casertano M, Menna M, Imperatore C. 2020. The Ascidian-derived metabolites with antimicrobial properties. Antibiotics 9 (8): 510. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080510.
Cherfia R, Zaiter A, Akkal S, Chaimbault P, Abdelwahab AB, Kirsch G, Chaouche NK. 2020. New approach in the characterization of bioactive compounds isolated from Calycotome spinosa (L.) link leaves by the use of negative electrospray ionization LITMSn, LC-ESI-MS/MS, as well as NMR analysis. Bioorg Chem 96: 103535. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103535.
Cragg GM, Newman DJ. 2013. Natural products: A continuing source of novel drug leads. Biochim Biophys Acta 1830 (6): 3670-3695. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.02.008.
Credo D, Mabiki FP, Machumi F, Cornett C. 2022. Structural elucidation and toxicity evaluation of bioactive compounds from the leaves and stem woods of Synadenium glaucescens Pax. Pharm Sci Res 9 (2): 59-66. DOI: 10.7454/psr.v9i2.1262.
Dawa SI, Shagal MH, Abdulrahman FI, Sodipo OA, Yakubu J, Mamza UT. 2023. Isolation and characterization of bis (2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1, 2-dicarboxylate from the roots of Detarium microcarpum. Eur J Med Health Res 1: 38-44. DOI: 10.59324/ejmhr.2023.1(2).06.
Dhingra S, Rahman NAA, Peile E, Rahman M, Sartelli M, Hassali MA, Islam T, Islam S, Haque M. 2020. Microbial resistance movements: An overview of global public health threats posed by antimicrobial resistance, and how best to counter. Front Public Health 8: 535668. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.535668.
Dou X, Dong B. 2019. Origins and bioactivities of natural compounds derived from marine Ascidians and their symbionts. Mar Drugs 17 (12): 670. DOI: 10.3390/md17120670.
Farabi K, Nurlelasari N, Pratiwi SH, Harneti D, Maharani R, Safari A, Supratman U. 2021. Steroids from the stem bark of Aglaia grandis (Meliaceae). Al-Kimia 9 (1): 44-49. DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v9i1.17936. [Indonesian]
Furusawa C, Horinouchi T, Maeda T. 2018. Toward prediction and control of antibiotic-resistance evolution. Curr Opin Biotechnol 54: 45-49. DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.01.026.
Gultom R. 2016. Isolation of steroid compounds from Gynura Pseudochina (Lour) DC plants and analgetic activity test against male mice (Mus musculus). Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Imelda 2 (2): 132-142. DOI: 10.2411/jikeperawatan.v2i2.248. [Indonesian]
Gulve RM, Deshmukh AM. 2012. Antimicrobial activity of the marine Actinomycetes. Intl Multidiscip Res J 2 (3): 16-22.
Haghi M, Maadi H, Delshad R, Nezhady MAM, Golizade SS. 2010. Antibiotic resistance pattern of Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burnt patients in Urmia, Iran. Intl J Acad Res 2 (6): 377-380.
Hidayat M, Mufidah M, Rante H. 2018. Isolation and molecular characterization of endophytic microbe of Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) plant as antimicrobial. Majalah Farmasi dan Farmakologi 22 (2): 56-60. DOI: 10.20956/mff.v22i2.5702. [Indonesian]
Jabir NB, Litaay M, Priosambodo D. 2022. Tunicates diversity in Pannikiang Island, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi. Jurnal Ilmu Alam dan Lingkungan 13 (2): 40-44. [Indonesian]
Javed MR, Salman M, Tariq A, Tawab A, Zahoor MK, Naheed S, Shahid M, Ijaz A, Ali H. 2022. The antibacterial and larvicidal potential of bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Molecules 27 (21): 7220. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217220.
Kabir N, Umar IA, Dama HA, James DB, Inuwa HM. 2021. Isolation and structural elucidation of novel antidiabetic compounds from leaves of Momordica balsamina Linn and Leptadenia hastata (Pers) Decne. Iran J Pharm Res 20: 390-402. DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.113632.14440.
Khiralla A, Spina R, Varbanov M, Philippot S, Lemiere P, Slezack-Deschaumes S, André P, Mohamed I, Yagi SM, Laurain-Mattar D. 2020. Evaluation of antiviral, antibacterial and antiproliferative activities of the endophytic fungus Curvularia papendorfii, and isolation of a new polyhydroxyacid. Microorganisms 8 (9): 1353. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091353.
Krishnan P, Bhat R, Kush A, Ravikumar P. 2012. Isolation and functional characterization of bacterial endophytes from Carica papaya fruits. J Appl Microbiol 113: 308-317. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05340.x.
Kumayas AR, Wewengkang DS, Sudewi S. 2015. Antibacterial activity and functional group characterization of Polycarpa aurata tunicates. Pharmacon 4: 32-44. DOI: 10.35799/pha.4.2015.6481. [Indonesian]
Kurniawan RN, Ersam T. 2018. Isolasi senyawa Rubrasanton dan Parvifolisanton C dari ekstrak kulit batang Garcinia tetrandra Pierre. Jurnal Sains dan Seni ITS 7 (1): 10-14. DOI: 10.12962/j23373520.v7i1.29400. [Indonesian]
Litaay M, Christine G, RG, B, Dwyana Z. 2015. Bioactivity of Polycarpa aurata tunicate symbionts as antimicrobials. Prosiding Semnas PBI Ke-23, Jayapura, September 2015. [Indonesian]
Lu Q-P, Huang Y-M, Liu S-W, Wu G, Yang Q, Liu L-F, Zhang H-T, Qi Y, Wang T, Jiang Z-K, Li J-J, Cai H, Liu X-J, Luo H, Sun C-H. 2021. Metabolomics tools assisting classic screening methods in discovering new antibiotics from mangrove Actinomycetia in Leizhou Peninsula. Mar Drugs 19 (12): 688. DOI: 10.3390/md19120688.
Manoppo CJ, Yudistira A, Wewengkang DS. 2019. Antimicrobial activity of extracts and fractions of tunicates (Polycarpa aurata) collected in Lembeh Strait, Bitung against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Pharmacon 8 (1): 243. DOI: 10.35799/pha.8.2019.29259. [Indonesian]
Marzuki I, Noor A, La Nafie N, Djide MN. 2018. Isolation and identification of amylase enzime-producing sponge simbiont bacteria from Melawai Beach Balikpapan. Jurnal Ilmiah dr. Aloei Saboe 1 (2): 11-18. DOI: 10.17605/osf.io/r4jya. [Indonesian]
Menna M, Fattorusso E, Imperatore C. 2011. Alkaloids from marine Ascidians. Molecules 16: 8694-8732. DOI: 10.3390/molecules16108694.
Murray CJ, Ikuta KS, Sharara F et al. 2022. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: A systematic analysis. Lancet 399 (10325): 629-655. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0.
O’Neill J. 2016. Review on antimicrobial resistance: Tackling drug-resistant infections globally: Final report and recommendations. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://apo.org.au/node/63983&ved=2ahUKEwiu6Ki38ImNAxW8RmwGHa31FXsQFnoECBsQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0jNeGFpOcDE_Q0ecjgm2re.
Pham C-D, Weber H, Hartmann R, Wray V, Lin W, Lai D, Proksch P. 2013. New cytotoxic 1,2,4-thiadiazole alkaloids from the Ascidian Polycarpa aurata. Org Lett 15 (9): 2230-2233. DOI: 10.1021/ol400791n.
Prasetya AA, Etikawati N, Susilowati A. 2024. Antibacterial activities of combinations of areca nuts (Areca catechu), cardamon seeds (Amomum compactum), and green betel leaves (Piper betle) ethanol extracts against Staphylococcus aureus. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 22 (2): 67-73. DOI: 10.13057/biofar/f220203.
Rahayu WP. 2000. Aktivitas antimikroba bumbu masakan tradisional hasil olahan industri terhadap bakteri patogen dan perusak. Buletin Teknologi and Industri Pangan XI (2): 42-48. [Indonesian]
Raisa S, Utomo AW, Hapsari R, Mahati E. 2021. Identification of secondary metabolite compounds in tunicate (Polycarpa aurata) associated bacteria. Diponegoro Med J 10 (6): 401-406. DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v10i6.30103.
Rante H, Alam G, Usmar U, Anwar RA, Ali A. 2022. Isolation of sponge bacterial symbionts from Kodingareng Keke Island-Makassar Indonesia which is potential as a producer of antimicrobial compounds. J Pure Appl Microbiol 16 (1): 737-743. DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.1.79.
Rocchetti G, Alcántara C, Bäuerl C, García-Pérez JV, Lorenzo JM, Lucini L, Collado MC, Barba FJ. 2020. Bacterial growth and biological properties of Cymbopogon schoenanthus and Ziziphus lotus are modulated by extraction conditions. Food Res Intl 136: 109534. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109534.
Rompas SAT, Wewengkang DS, Mpila DA. 2022. Antibacterial activity test of marine organisms tunicates type Polycarpa aurata against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmacon 11 (1): 1271-1278. DOI: 10.35799/pha.11.2022.39137. [Indonesian]
Salsabila S, Hartati R, Al Muqarrabun LMR, Qomaladewi NP, Haniffadli A, Rosandy AR, Chahyadi A, Elfahmi. 2022. Isolation of bioactive compounds with tyrosinase inhibitory activity from the methanol extract of meniran herb (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.). Curr Res Biosci Biotechnol 3 (2): 196-201. DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2022.3.2/goo6zulv.
Sari F, Widyorini N, Sabdaningsih A. 2021. Isolation and identification with 16S rRNA gene from bacteria associations of sponges class Demospongiae in the waters of Tulamben Bali. Jurnal Pasir Laut 5 (2): 110-118. DOI: 10.14710/jpl.2021.49558. [Indonesian]
Schmidt EW, Donia MS, McIntosh JA, Fricke WF, Ravel J. 2012. Origin and variation of tunicate secondary metabolites. J Nat Prod 75 (2): 295-304. DOI: 10.1021/np200665k.
Selviati R, Herwin H, Nuryanti S. 2024. Antibacterial activity of tunicata ethanol extract Polycarpa aurata against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi by TLC-bioautography and agar diffusion. J Microbiol Sci 4 (1): 128-140. DOI: 10.56711/jms.v4i1.1040.
Shetty PR, Buddana SK, Tatipamula VB, Naga YVV, Ahmad J. 2014. Production of polypeptide antibiotic from Streptomyces parvulus and its antibacterial activity. Braz J Microbiol 45 (1): 303-312. DOI: 10.1590/S1517-83822014005000022.
Sidabutar EA, Sartimbul A, Handayani M. 2019. Distribution of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen to depth in the waters of Prigi Bay, Trenggalek Regency. J Fish Mar Res 3 (1): 46-52. DOI: 10.21776/ub.jfmr.2019.003.01.6. [Indonesian]
Sipriyadi S, Wahyudi AT, Suhartono MT, Meryandini A. 2020. Optimization of xylanase production by Streptomyces costaricanus 45I-3 using various substrates through submerged fermentation. Microbiol Indones 14 (1): 34-43. DOI: 10.5454/mi.14.1.5.
Suhendar U, Sogandi S. 2019. Identification of active compounds in clove leaf extract (Syzygium aromaticum) as an inhibitor of Streptococcus mutans. Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi 12 (2): 229-239. DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.12251. [Indonesian]
Sun W, Wu W, Liu X, Zaleta-Pinet DA, Clark BR. 2019. Bioactive compounds isolated from marine-derived microbes in China: 2009-2018. Mar Drugs 17 (6): 339. DOI: 10.3390/md17060339.
Syame SM, Mohamed SM, Elgabry EA, Darwish YAA, Mansour AS. 2022. Chemical characterization, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potentials of Swietenia mahagoni. AMB Express 12 (1): 77. DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01406-w.
Tejamukti EP, Setyaningsih W, Irnawati, Yasir B, Alam G, Rohman A. 2020. Application of FTIR spectroscopy and HPLC combined with multivariate calibration for analysis of xanthones in mangosteen extracts. Sci Pharm 88 (3): 35. DOI: 10.3390/scipharm88030035.
Tomou E-M, Chatziathanasiadou MV, Chatzopoulou P, Tzakos AG, Skaltsa H. 2020. NMR-based chemical profiling, isolation and evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of the diterpenoid siderol from cultivated Sideritis euboea Heldr. Molecules 25 (10): 2382. DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102382.
Vind K, Maffioli S, Ciruelos BF, Waschulin V, Brunati C, Simone M, Sosio M, Donadio S. 2022. N -acetyl-cysteinylated streptophenazines from Streptomyces. J Nat Prod 85 (5): 1239-1247. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01123.
Watters DJ. 2018. Ascidian toxins with potential for drug development. Mar Drugs 16 (5): 162. DOI: 10.3390/md16050162.
Wessels M, König GM, Wright AD. 2001. New 4-methoxybenzoyl derivatives from the Ascidian Polycarpa aurata. J Nat Prod 64 (12): 1556-1558. DOI: 10.1021/np000570c.
Wimmerstedt A, Kahlmeter G. 2008. Associated antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. Clin Microbiol Infect 14: 315-321. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01946.x.
WHO [World Health Organization]. 2017. WHO publishes list of bacteria for which new antibiotics are urgently needed. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
WHO [World Health Organization]. 2019. Antibacterial agents in clinical development: An analysis of the antibacterial clinical development pipeline. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.