The abundance of canopy arthropods in South Sumatra (Indonesia) freshwater swamp main and ratooned rice applied with bioinsecticides and synthetic insecticide
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Abstract. Prabawati G, Herlinda S, Pujiastuti Y. 2019. A comparative study on the arboreal arthropod abundance of rice fields between applied with fungal bioinsecticides and abamectin in the freshwater swamp of South Sumatra, Indonesia (Study case in the main and ratoon rice fields). Biodiversitas 20: 2921-2930. Ratoon rice has been cultivated by local farmers in South Sumatra and can be a source of habitat and niches for the main rice arthropods. The study aimed to compare the abundance of arthropods between main and rationed rice field applied with fungal bioinsecticides and abamectin. This study used bioinsecticides from fungi of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Cordyceps militaris and control using abamectin. Arboreal arthropods sampled using a sweep net. The abundance of arthropods in the main rice tends to be higher than in ratoon. Spiders found during the two rice seasons were Araneidae, Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, Salticidae, Theridiidae, Tetragnathidae, Theridiosomatidae, while predatory insects found were Mantidae, Coenagrionidae, Staphylinidae, Anthicidae, Latridiidae, Formicidae, Coccinellidae, Coccinellidae, Tettigoniidae, Miridae, Carabidae. The fungal bioinsecticides did not reduce the predatory arthropod abundance but the abamectin caused a decrease in the abundance of all guilds. The most drastic decrease was found in web-building spiders. The movement of hunting spiders and the predatory insects of the main to ratoon rice was faster than that of web-building spiders. The existence of ratoon rice could become habitats and niches for arthropods from the main rice. For this reason, controlling the herbivore insects could use bioinsecticides derived from entomopathogenic fungi.
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References
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Gholamzadeh-Chitgar M, Hajizadeh J, Ghadamyari M, Karimi-Malati A, Hoda H. 2017. Effect of sublethal concentration of Beauveria bassiana fungus on demographic and some biochemical parameters of predatory bug, Andrallus spinidens Fabricius (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in laboratory conditions. Trakia J Sci 15: 160–167.
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Herlinda S, Yusticia SR, Irsan C, Hadi BAR, Lakitan B, Verawaty M, Hasbi. 2019. Abundance of arthropods inhabiting canopy of rice cultivated using different planting methods and varieties. J Biopest 12:7-18.
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Mulyani A, Sarwani M. 2013. The characteristics and potential of sub optimal land for agricultural development in Indonesia. J Sumberdaya Lokal 7: 47-55. [Indonesian].
Ngin C, Suon S, Tanaka T, Yamauchi A, Kawakita K, Chiba S. 2017. Impact of insecticide applications on arthropod predators and plant feeders in Cambodian rice field. J Phytobiomes 1: 128–137.
Rachmawati R., Kinoshita H, Nihira T, 2018. Production of insect toxin beauvericin from entomopathogenic fungi Cordyceps militaris by heterologous expression of global regulator. Agrivita J Agric Sci 4: 177-184.
Rypstra LA, Carter PE, Balfour RA, Marshall SD. 1999. Architectural features of agricultural habitats and their impact on the spider inhabitants. J Arachnology 27: 371–377.
Safitri A, Herlinda S, Setiawan A. 2018. Entomopathogenic fungi of soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands of South Sumatra , Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2365–2373.
Settle WH, Ariawan H, Astuti ET, Cahyana W, Hakim AL, Hindayana DH, Lestari AS. 1996. Managing tropical rice pests through conservation of generalist natural enemies and alternative prey. Ecology 77: 1975–1988.
Sgolastra F, Fisogni A, Quaranta M, Bogo G, Bortolotti L, Galloni M. 2016. Temporal activity patterns in a flower visitor community of Dictamnus albus in relation to some biotic and abiotic factors. Bull Insectology 69: 291–300.
Sumikarsih E, Herlinda S, Pujiastuti Y. 2019. Conidial density and viability of Beauveria bassiana isolate from Java and Sumatra and their virulence against Nilaparvata lugens at different temperatures. Agrivita J Agric Sci 41: 335-349.
Suwandi, Ammar M, Irsan C. 2012. Application of extract compost increased yield and suppressed the diseases of ratoon rice crop in tidal swamp of Banyuasin Regency. J Lahan Suboptimal 1: 116–122. [Indonesia].
Yuliani D. 2016. Metarhizium anisopliae and Andrographis paniculata to non-target insect pests. JIPI 2: 20–25.
Barrion A, Litsinger J. 1995. Riceland spiders of South and Southeast Asia. Entomol IRRI, Philippines.
Dong H, Chen Q, Wang W, Peng S, Huang J, Cui K, Nie L. 2017. The growth and yield of a wet-seeded rice-ratoon rice system in Central China. Field Crops Research 208: 55–59.
Firouzbakht H, Zibaee A, Hoda H, Sohani MM. 2015. Virulence determination of Beauveria bassiana isolates on a predatory Hemipteran, Andrallus spinidens Fabricius (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 50: 115–125.
Gholamzadeh-Chitgar M, Hajizadeh J, Ghadamyari M, Karimi-Malati A, Hoda H. 2017. Effect of sublethal concentration of Beauveria bassiana fungus on demographic and some biochemical parameters of predatory bug, Andrallus spinidens Fabricius (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in laboratory conditions. Trakia J Sci 15: 160–167.
Gillespie RG. 1999. Comparison of rates of speciation in web-building and non-web-building groups within a hawaiian spider radiation. J Arachnology 27: 79–85.
Heinrichs EA. 1994. Biology and management of rice insect. IRRI, Philippines.
Herlinda S, Rizkie L, Suwandi, Susilawati, Lakitan B, Verawaty M, Hasbi. 2018. Effects of high temperature and ultraviolet-C irradiance on conidial viability and density of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae isolated from soils of lowland ecosystems in Indonesia. Eurasian J Anal Chem 13: 209-216.
Herlinda S, Yudha S, Thalib R, Khodijah, Suwandi, Lakitan B, Verawaty M. 2018. Species richness and abundance of spiders inhabiting rice in fresh swamps and tidal lowlands in South Sumatera, Indonesia. J ISSAAS 24: 82–93.
Herlinda S, Yusticia SR, Irsan C, Hadi BAR, Lakitan B, Verawaty M, Hasbi. 2019. Abundance of arthropods inhabiting canopy of rice cultivated using different planting methods and varieties. J Biopest 12:7-18.
Ishijima C, Taguchi A, Takagi M, Motobayashi T, Nakai M. Kunimi Y. 2006. Observational evidence that the diet of wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) in paddies temporarily depends on dipterous insects. Appl Entomol Zool 41: 195-200.
Kalshoven LG. 1981. The pest of crops in Indonesia. Van Hoeve, Jakarta.
Karenina T, Herlinda S, Irsan C, Pujiastuti Y. 2019. Abundance and species diversity of predatory arthropods inhabiting rice of refuge habitats and synthetic insecticide application in freshwater swamps in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. 20: 2375-2387.
Lakitan B. 2019. Cultivation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) subjected to shallow water table at riparian wetland in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Australian J Crop Sci 13: 98–104.
Lakitan B, Lindiana L, Widuri LI, Kartika K, Siaga E, Meihana M, Wijaya A. 2019. Inclusive and Ecologically-Sound Food Crop Cultivation at Tropical Non-Tidal Wetlands in Indonesia. Agrivita J Agric Sci 41: 23-31
Lopes SF, Ramos MB, Almeida GR. 2017. The role of mountains as refugia for biodiversity in Brazilian Caatinga: conservationist implications. Tropical Conservation Sci 10: 1–12.
Margono BA, Bwangoy JRB, Potapov PV, Hansen MC. 2014. Mapping wetlands in Indonesia using landsat and PALSAR data-sets and derived topographical indices. Geo-Spatial Information Sci 17: 60–71.
Mascarin GM, Jackson MA, Kobori NN, Behle RW, Delalibera Júnior Í. 2015. Liquid culture fermentation for rapid production of desiccation tolerant blastospores of Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea strains. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 127: 11–20.
Mcalpine JF, Peterson BV, Shewel GE, Teskey HJ, Vockeroth JR, Wood DM. 1987. Manual of neartic Diptera. Agriculture Canada, Research Branch.
Mulyani A, Sarwani M. 2013. The characteristics and potential of sub optimal land for agricultural development in Indonesia. J Sumberdaya Lokal 7: 47-55. [Indonesian].
Ngin C, Suon S, Tanaka T, Yamauchi A, Kawakita K, Chiba S. 2017. Impact of insecticide applications on arthropod predators and plant feeders in Cambodian rice field. J Phytobiomes 1: 128–137.
Rachmawati R., Kinoshita H, Nihira T, 2018. Production of insect toxin beauvericin from entomopathogenic fungi Cordyceps militaris by heterologous expression of global regulator. Agrivita J Agric Sci 4: 177-184.
Rypstra LA, Carter PE, Balfour RA, Marshall SD. 1999. Architectural features of agricultural habitats and their impact on the spider inhabitants. J Arachnology 27: 371–377.
Safitri A, Herlinda S, Setiawan A. 2018. Entomopathogenic fungi of soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands of South Sumatra , Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2365–2373.
Settle WH, Ariawan H, Astuti ET, Cahyana W, Hakim AL, Hindayana DH, Lestari AS. 1996. Managing tropical rice pests through conservation of generalist natural enemies and alternative prey. Ecology 77: 1975–1988.
Sgolastra F, Fisogni A, Quaranta M, Bogo G, Bortolotti L, Galloni M. 2016. Temporal activity patterns in a flower visitor community of Dictamnus albus in relation to some biotic and abiotic factors. Bull Insectology 69: 291–300.
Sumikarsih E, Herlinda S, Pujiastuti Y. 2019. Conidial density and viability of Beauveria bassiana isolate from Java and Sumatra and their virulence against Nilaparvata lugens at different temperatures. Agrivita J Agric Sci 41: 335-349.
Suwandi, Ammar M, Irsan C. 2012. Application of extract compost increased yield and suppressed the diseases of ratoon rice crop in tidal swamp of Banyuasin Regency. J Lahan Suboptimal 1: 116–122. [Indonesia].
Yuliani D. 2016. Metarhizium anisopliae and Andrographis paniculata to non-target insect pests. JIPI 2: 20–25.
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