Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Capparis spinosa essential oils from Algeria
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Abstract. Benachour H, Ramdani M, Lograda T, Chalard P, Figueredo J. 2020. Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Capparis spinosa essential oils from Algeria. Biodiversitas 21: 161-169. The essential oils of Capparis spinosa L. collected from six locations in Algeria were obtained by hydro-distillation. The chemical composition of oils was performed by GC-MS. The disc diffusion method is applied for the antibacterial activity. The extraction produced low yield (0.03%). The result of chromatographic analysis (GC/MS) leads to the identification of 33 components; palmitic acid (38.19%), nonanal-n (12.61%), cymene-2,5-dimethoxy-para (8.94%) and octacosane (5.49%) were the major components of these oils. The result of cluster analysis based on essential oils constituents showed the presence of three chemotypes,i.e., the chemotype of Nonanal-n-Cymen 2,5 dimethoxy para-Dodecanal, the chemotype of Nonanal-n-Hexadecanoic acid-tetracosane and the chemotype Tetracosane-n-pentyl furane-2-octacosane. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of caper oils against nine bacterial species showed that the oils have no activity against E. coli and have modest activities against eight other bacterial species tested; however, the desirability test shows that the oils used were not effective on the bacteria tested.
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References
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Afsharypuor S, Jeiran K, Jazy AA. 1998. First investigation of the flavour profiles of leaf, ripe fruit and root of Capparis spinosa var. mucronifolia from Iran. Pharm Acta Helv 72: 307-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-6865(97)00023-X.
AL-Azawi AH, Ghaima KK, Salih HH. 2018. Phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Capparis spinosa L. Cultivated in Iraq. Bioscience Research 15(3): 2611-2618.https://www.isisn.org/BR15(3)2018/2611-2618-15(3)2018BR18-343.pdf
Al-Bayati FA, Al-Jarjry MT. 2007. Antibacterial Activity from Different Parts of Capparis spinosa L. Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences 19(2): 35-44. https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=article&aId=74130
Allaith AAA. 2014. Assessment of the antioxidant properties of the caper fruit (Capparis spinosa L.) from Bahrain. J. Assoc of Arab Univ. Basic Appl. Sci 19: 1–7. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaubas.2014.07.001
Al-Said MS, Abdelsattar EA, Khalifa SI, El-Feraly FS. 1988. Isolation and identification of an anti-inflammatory principle from Capparis spinosa. Pharmazie 43 (9): 640-641. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3244735
Arean AG, Ali TH, Muraih JK. 2019. Extracted chemical compounds from Capparis spinosa leaves and their antibacterial activity on pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 11(2): 603-608. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331963427
Benachour H, Ramdani M, Lograda T, Chalard P, Figueredo G. 2017. Chemotypes of Capparis spinosa L. Populations Growing in Eastern Algeria. Der Pharma Chemica 9(18): 51-57. https://www.derpharmachemica.com/pharma-chemica/chemotypes-of-capparis-spinosa-l-populations-growing-in-eastern-algeria.pdf
Benseghir-Boukhari LA, Seridi R. 2007. Le câprier, une espèce arbustive pour le développement rural durable en Algérie. Méditerranée 109: 101-105. DOI: 10.4000/mediterranee.117
Boga C, Forlani L, Calienni R, Hindley T, Hochkoeppler A, Tozzi S, Zanna N. 2011. On the antibacterial activity of roots of Capparis spinosa L. Natural Product Research 25(4): 417–421. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.487189
Bonina F, Puglia C, Ventura D, Aquino R, Tortora S, Sacchi A, Saija A, Tomaino A, Pellegrino ML, De Capraris P. 2002. In vitro antioxidant and in vivo photoprotective effects of a lyophilized extract of Capparis spinosa L. buds. Journal of Cosmetic Science 53, 321-335. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12512010
Burt S. 2004. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods–a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology 94: 223–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022
El-Naser Z. 2016. Analysis of essential oil of Capparis spinosa L. leaves and interaction between Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidopteran) which attack caper and natural enemy Cotesia glomerata (L.). International Journal of ChemTech Research 9 (7): 477-485. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307018903_
Fadili K, Zerkani H, Amalich S, Zair T. 2017. Etude phytochimique et évaluation de l’activité antioxydante des feuilles et des fruits du Capparis spinosa L. American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences 5(2): 108-118. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12128846
Gull T, Sultana B, Bhatti IA, Jamil A. 2015. Antibacterial potential of Capparis spinosa and Capparis decidua extracts. International journal of Agriculture and Biology 17(4): 727–733. DOI: 10.17957/IJAB/14.0007
Kulisic-Bilusic T, Blazevic I, Dejanovic B, Milos M, Pifat G. 2010. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of essential oils from caper (Capparis spinosa) and sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum) by different methods. Journal of food biochemistry 34: 286-302. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00330.x
Lieutaghi P. 2004. Le livre des arbres, arbustes & arbrisseaux. Éd. Actes Sud, France, 1322p.
Mahboubi M, Mahboubi A. 2014. Antimicrobial activity of Capparis spinosa as its usages in traditional medicine, Herba Pol 60: 39–48. DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2014-00XX
Masada Y. 1979. Analysis of essential oils by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Maire R. 1965. Flore de l’Afrique du Nord, Volume XII, Encyclopédie biologique. LXVII, Éd. Le Chevalier, Paris 405p.
Meddour A, Yahia M, Benkiki N, Ayachi A. 2013. Étude de l'activité antioxydante et antibactérienne des extraits d'un ensemble des parties de la fleur du Capparis spinosa L. Lebanese Science Journal 14(1): 49-60.http://lsj.cnrs.edu.lb/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/meddour.pdf
Mollica A, Stefanucci A, Macedonio G, Locatelli M, Luisi G, Novellino E, Zengin G. 2018. Chemical composition and biological activity of Capparis spinosa L. from Lipari Island, South African Journal of Botany 120: 135-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.02.397
Muhaidat R, Al-Qudah MA, Al-Shayeb A, Jacob HJ, Al-Jaber HI, Hussein E, Al-Tarawneh IN, Abu Orabi ST. 2013. Chemical profile and antibacterial activity of crude fractions and essential oils of Capparis ovata Desf. And Capparis spinosa L. (Capparaceae). International Journal of Integrative Biology 14(1): 39-47. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/244989311
NIST. 2002. Mass Spectral Search Program for the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library, vers. 2.0. fiveash data, USA.
Orooba MSI. 2012. Evaluation of anti-bacterial activity of Capparis spinosa (Al-Kabara ) and Aloe vera extracts against Isolates Bacterial Skin Wound Infections in -vitro and in-vivo. Kufa Journal for Veterinary Medical Sciences 3(2): 23-35. https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&aId=69869
Ozcan MM, Chalchat JC. 2007. The flavor profile of young shoots, flower buds, and unripe fruits of capers growing wild in turkey. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 43(3): 336–338. DOI: 10.1007/s10600-007-0125-y
Ozenda P. 1977. Flore du Sahara. 2nd Edition, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, 630p.
Panico AM, Cardile TV, Garufi F, Puglia C, Bonina F, Ronsisvalle G. 2005. Protective effect of Capparis spinosa on chondrocytes. Life sciences 77: 2479-2488. Doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2004.12.051
Ponce AG., Fritz R., Del Valle C., Roura S.I. 2003. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils on the native microflora of organic Swiss chard. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und Technologie 36 (7): 679-684. Doi:10.1016/S0023-6438(03)00088-4
Proestos C, Boziaris IS. Nychas GJE. Komaitis M. 2006. Analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids in Greek aromatic plants: Investigation of their antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Food Chemistry 95: 664 – 671. DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.01.049
Quézel P, Santa S. 1962. Nouvelle Flore de l'Algérie et des régions désertiques Méridionales. 2 Vol., Ed. C.N.R.S., Paris 636p.
Roméo V, Ziino M, Giuffrida D. 2007. Flavour profile of capers (Capparis spinosa L.) from the Eolian Archipelago by HS-SPME/GC-MS. Food Chemistry 101: 1272–1278. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.12.029
Satyanarayana T, Mathews AA, Vijetha P. 2008. Phytochemical and pharmacological Review of Some Indian Capparis Species. Pharmacognosy Reviews 2(4): 36-45. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303167986_
Sherif MM, El-Shiekh HH, Elaasser MM, Elbadry MA. 2013. In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Caper (Capparis spinosa). Journal of Applied Sciences Research 9(4): 2944-2950. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284410119_
Tesoriere L, Bufera D, Gentile C, Livrea MA. 2007. Bioactive components of caper (Capparis spinosa L.) from Sicily and antioxidant effects in a red meat simulated gastric digestion. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55: 8465–8471. DOI: 10.1021/jf0714113
Zhou H, Jian R, Kang J, Huang X, Li Y, Zhuang C,Yang F, Zhang L, Fan X, Wu T, Wu X. 2010. Antiinflammatoryeffects of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) fruit aqueous extract and the isolation of main phytochemicals. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58: 12717–12721. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf1034114
Afsharypuor S, Jeiran K, Jazy AA. 1998. First investigation of the flavour profiles of leaf, ripe fruit and root of Capparis spinosa var. mucronifolia from Iran. Pharm Acta Helv 72: 307-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-6865(97)00023-X.
AL-Azawi AH, Ghaima KK, Salih HH. 2018. Phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Capparis spinosa L. Cultivated in Iraq. Bioscience Research 15(3): 2611-2618.https://www.isisn.org/BR15(3)2018/2611-2618-15(3)2018BR18-343.pdf
Al-Bayati FA, Al-Jarjry MT. 2007. Antibacterial Activity from Different Parts of Capparis spinosa L. Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences 19(2): 35-44. https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=article&aId=74130
Allaith AAA. 2014. Assessment of the antioxidant properties of the caper fruit (Capparis spinosa L.) from Bahrain. J. Assoc of Arab Univ. Basic Appl. Sci 19: 1–7. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaubas.2014.07.001
Al-Said MS, Abdelsattar EA, Khalifa SI, El-Feraly FS. 1988. Isolation and identification of an anti-inflammatory principle from Capparis spinosa. Pharmazie 43 (9): 640-641. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3244735
Arean AG, Ali TH, Muraih JK. 2019. Extracted chemical compounds from Capparis spinosa leaves and their antibacterial activity on pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 11(2): 603-608. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331963427
Benachour H, Ramdani M, Lograda T, Chalard P, Figueredo G. 2017. Chemotypes of Capparis spinosa L. Populations Growing in Eastern Algeria. Der Pharma Chemica 9(18): 51-57. https://www.derpharmachemica.com/pharma-chemica/chemotypes-of-capparis-spinosa-l-populations-growing-in-eastern-algeria.pdf
Benseghir-Boukhari LA, Seridi R. 2007. Le câprier, une espèce arbustive pour le développement rural durable en Algérie. Méditerranée 109: 101-105. DOI: 10.4000/mediterranee.117
Boga C, Forlani L, Calienni R, Hindley T, Hochkoeppler A, Tozzi S, Zanna N. 2011. On the antibacterial activity of roots of Capparis spinosa L. Natural Product Research 25(4): 417–421. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.487189
Bonina F, Puglia C, Ventura D, Aquino R, Tortora S, Sacchi A, Saija A, Tomaino A, Pellegrino ML, De Capraris P. 2002. In vitro antioxidant and in vivo photoprotective effects of a lyophilized extract of Capparis spinosa L. buds. Journal of Cosmetic Science 53, 321-335. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12512010
Burt S. 2004. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods–a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology 94: 223–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022
El-Naser Z. 2016. Analysis of essential oil of Capparis spinosa L. leaves and interaction between Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidopteran) which attack caper and natural enemy Cotesia glomerata (L.). International Journal of ChemTech Research 9 (7): 477-485. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307018903_
Fadili K, Zerkani H, Amalich S, Zair T. 2017. Etude phytochimique et évaluation de l’activité antioxydante des feuilles et des fruits du Capparis spinosa L. American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences 5(2): 108-118. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12128846
Gull T, Sultana B, Bhatti IA, Jamil A. 2015. Antibacterial potential of Capparis spinosa and Capparis decidua extracts. International journal of Agriculture and Biology 17(4): 727–733. DOI: 10.17957/IJAB/14.0007
Kulisic-Bilusic T, Blazevic I, Dejanovic B, Milos M, Pifat G. 2010. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of essential oils from caper (Capparis spinosa) and sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum) by different methods. Journal of food biochemistry 34: 286-302. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00330.x
Lieutaghi P. 2004. Le livre des arbres, arbustes & arbrisseaux. Éd. Actes Sud, France, 1322p.
Mahboubi M, Mahboubi A. 2014. Antimicrobial activity of Capparis spinosa as its usages in traditional medicine, Herba Pol 60: 39–48. DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2014-00XX
Masada Y. 1979. Analysis of essential oils by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Maire R. 1965. Flore de l’Afrique du Nord, Volume XII, Encyclopédie biologique. LXVII, Éd. Le Chevalier, Paris 405p.
Meddour A, Yahia M, Benkiki N, Ayachi A. 2013. Étude de l'activité antioxydante et antibactérienne des extraits d'un ensemble des parties de la fleur du Capparis spinosa L. Lebanese Science Journal 14(1): 49-60.http://lsj.cnrs.edu.lb/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/meddour.pdf
Mollica A, Stefanucci A, Macedonio G, Locatelli M, Luisi G, Novellino E, Zengin G. 2018. Chemical composition and biological activity of Capparis spinosa L. from Lipari Island, South African Journal of Botany 120: 135-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.02.397
Muhaidat R, Al-Qudah MA, Al-Shayeb A, Jacob HJ, Al-Jaber HI, Hussein E, Al-Tarawneh IN, Abu Orabi ST. 2013. Chemical profile and antibacterial activity of crude fractions and essential oils of Capparis ovata Desf. And Capparis spinosa L. (Capparaceae). International Journal of Integrative Biology 14(1): 39-47. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/244989311
NIST. 2002. Mass Spectral Search Program for the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library, vers. 2.0. fiveash data, USA.
Orooba MSI. 2012. Evaluation of anti-bacterial activity of Capparis spinosa (Al-Kabara ) and Aloe vera extracts against Isolates Bacterial Skin Wound Infections in -vitro and in-vivo. Kufa Journal for Veterinary Medical Sciences 3(2): 23-35. https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&aId=69869
Ozcan MM, Chalchat JC. 2007. The flavor profile of young shoots, flower buds, and unripe fruits of capers growing wild in turkey. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 43(3): 336–338. DOI: 10.1007/s10600-007-0125-y
Ozenda P. 1977. Flore du Sahara. 2nd Edition, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, 630p.
Panico AM, Cardile TV, Garufi F, Puglia C, Bonina F, Ronsisvalle G. 2005. Protective effect of Capparis spinosa on chondrocytes. Life sciences 77: 2479-2488. Doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2004.12.051
Ponce AG., Fritz R., Del Valle C., Roura S.I. 2003. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils on the native microflora of organic Swiss chard. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und Technologie 36 (7): 679-684. Doi:10.1016/S0023-6438(03)00088-4
Proestos C, Boziaris IS. Nychas GJE. Komaitis M. 2006. Analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids in Greek aromatic plants: Investigation of their antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Food Chemistry 95: 664 – 671. DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.01.049
Quézel P, Santa S. 1962. Nouvelle Flore de l'Algérie et des régions désertiques Méridionales. 2 Vol., Ed. C.N.R.S., Paris 636p.
Roméo V, Ziino M, Giuffrida D. 2007. Flavour profile of capers (Capparis spinosa L.) from the Eolian Archipelago by HS-SPME/GC-MS. Food Chemistry 101: 1272–1278. Doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.12.029
Satyanarayana T, Mathews AA, Vijetha P. 2008. Phytochemical and pharmacological Review of Some Indian Capparis Species. Pharmacognosy Reviews 2(4): 36-45. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303167986_
Sherif MM, El-Shiekh HH, Elaasser MM, Elbadry MA. 2013. In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Caper (Capparis spinosa). Journal of Applied Sciences Research 9(4): 2944-2950. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284410119_
Tesoriere L, Bufera D, Gentile C, Livrea MA. 2007. Bioactive components of caper (Capparis spinosa L.) from Sicily and antioxidant effects in a red meat simulated gastric digestion. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55: 8465–8471. DOI: 10.1021/jf0714113
Zhou H, Jian R, Kang J, Huang X, Li Y, Zhuang C,Yang F, Zhang L, Fan X, Wu T, Wu X. 2010. Antiinflammatoryeffects of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) fruit aqueous extract and the isolation of main phytochemicals. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58: 12717–12721. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf1034114
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