Morphological and molecular identification of Fusarium spp. isolated from maize kernels in Java and Lombok, Indonesia
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Abstract. Widiastuti A, Karlina ML, Dhanti KR, Chinta YD, Joko T, Suryanti, Wibowo A. 2020. Morphological and molecular identification of Fusarium spp. isolated from maize kernels in Java and Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2741-2750. Fungal contamination of maize is a serious problem in Indonesia. Fusarium spp. infect maize in the field will be continuing to contaminate in the post-harvest period even though disease symptoms are not always emerged. Some Fusarium spp. produced mycotoxins which are harmful to human and animal health. Aims of this research were to reveal the presence of Fusarium spp. from both symptomatic and unsymptomatic maize, and to identify them based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis. Samples of maize were collected from maize cultivation areas in East Java (EJ), Central Java (CJ), West Java (WJ), Yogyakarta Special Province (DIY), and Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Fusarium spp. were isolated in a single spore method and cultured in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium for morphological identification of macro-and microconidia. Molecular identification was conducted by PCR assay using species-specific primers. Furthermore, unidentified species were analyzed by DNA sequence. This research found four species of mycotoxigenic Fusarium isolated from maize-based on molecular identification, which were Fusarium verticillioides (15 isolates), F. proliferatum (6 isolates), F. graminearum (1 isolate) and F. asiaticum (1 isolate). This research showed a novel report of F. asiaticum infection on maize kernel in Indonesia.
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References
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Studt L et al. 2012. Biosynthesis of Fusarubins Accounts for Pigmentation of Fusarium fujikuroi Perithecia. Appl Environ Microbiol. 78(12): 4468–4480.
Tan?i? S et al. 2012. Diversity of the Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum isolates according to their fumonisin B1 production potencial and origin. Genetika, Vol 44, No. 1,163 -176.
Tandiabang J et al. 2005. Practice of postharvest technologies of maize in Indonesia and its implication to insect pest and disease. Proceeding of National Seminar on Maize : 538-547.
Vincelli P, Parker G. 2002. Fumonisin, Vomitoxin, and Other Mycotoxins in Corn Produced by Fusarium Fungi. Coop. Ext. Service. Univ. of Kentucky. Coll. Of Agric.
Alvindia DG et al. 2001. Identification of Fungi Isolated from Post Harvest Diseases of Nonchemical Bananas Imported from The Phillipines. J. Agr. Sci., Tokyo Univ. Agric. 45: 253 – 270.
Anonim. 2005. X11 colors name. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_colors. Accessed on 8 June 2014.
Anonim. 2013. Panen dan pascapanen.
http://diperta.jabarprov.go.id/index.php/subMenu/1209. Department Pertanian Provinsi Jawa Barat. Accessed on 10 Mei 2013.
Anonim. 2015. Fusarium sp.
http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/Fungal_Descriptions/Hyphomycetes_%28hyaline%29/Fusarium/ accessed on January 06.2015.
Aoki T. 2009. Taxonomic System of The Genus Fusarium. Microbiol. Cult. Coll. 25 (1): 1 – 12.
Bennet JW, Klinch M. 2003. Mycotoxins. Clinical Mycrobiology Reviews 16(3): 497-516.
Boonyapranai K et al. 2008. Optimization of Submerged Culture for the Production of Naphthoquinones Pigment by Fusarium verticillioides. Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2008; 35(3) : 457-466.
Darnetty E, Salleh B. 2013. Toxigenicity of Fusarium Species in Giberella fujikuroi species complex (GFSC) Associated with Stalk and Ear Rot Disease of Corn. ESci J. Plant Pathol. 02 (03). 147-154.
Dhanti KR et al., 2017. Detection of mycotoxin-related genes in Fusarium spp. isolated from maize kernels in Indonesia. Proceeding of 1st Internat. Conf. On Trop. Agric. Springer Internat. Publ. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-60363-6: 117 – 123.
Glenn AE. 2007. Mycotoxigenic Fusarium species in animal feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology 137: 213-240.
Greyling S, Flett B. 2013. Fusarium graminearum species complex on maize has reached epidemic proportions. http://www.grainsa.co.za/fusarium-graminearum-species-complex-on-maize-has-reached-epidemic-proportions. Accessed on 27 February 2015.
Ivic D et al. 2009. Fusarium spp. contamination of wheat, maize, soybean, and pea in Croatia. ArhHigRadaToksikol 60: 435-442.
Izzati MZNA et al. 2011. Contribution to the Knowledge of Diversity of Fusarium Associated with Maize in Malaysia. Plant Protect. Sci. Vol. 47. No. 1: 20–24
Jurado M et al. 2005. PCR detection assays for the trichothecene-producing species Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium poae, Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium sporotrichioides. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 28: 562-568.
Komen JJ et al. 2008. Economics of post-harvest maize grain losses in trans Nzoia and Uasin Gishu Districts of Northwest Kenya. 1228 – 1233.
Leslie JF, Summerell BA. 2006. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing. Manhattan. 388 p.
Mansour MB et al. 2012. Rapid macroconidia production in Fusarium graminearum 3- and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (ADON) chemotypes using sucrose-water medium. Ann Microbiol. 62:965–971.
Mejía D. 2003. MAIZE: Post-Harvest Operation. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), AGST Technical Book. 99p.
Mostafa AT, Kazem ZZ. 2011. Fungi associated with harvested corn grains of Golestan province in Iran. Annals of Biological Research 2 (5) : 681-688.
Muckle AE. 2013. Management of Fusarium Head Blight and Septoria tritici Blotch in Winter Wheat through the use of Host Resistance and Chemical Controls and the Investigation of Fusarium graminearum Chemotype Diversity, Aggressiveness and Toxicity. Master Thesis. University of Guelph. Ontario. Canada.
Pakki S, Talanca AH. 2007.
Pengelolaan penyakit pascapanen jagung. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia, Maros.
http://balitsereal.litbang.deptan.go.id/ind/images/stories/satusembilan.pdf. Accesed on 8 May 2013.
Rahjoo V et al. 2008. Morphological and Molecular Identification of Fusarium Isolated from Maize Ears in Iran. J. of Plant Pathol., 90 (3), 463-468.
Studt L et al. 2012. Biosynthesis of Fusarubins Accounts for Pigmentation of Fusarium fujikuroi Perithecia. Appl Environ Microbiol. 78(12): 4468–4480.
Tan?i? S et al. 2012. Diversity of the Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum isolates according to their fumonisin B1 production potencial and origin. Genetika, Vol 44, No. 1,163 -176.
Tandiabang J et al. 2005. Practice of postharvest technologies of maize in Indonesia and its implication to insect pest and disease. Proceeding of National Seminar on Maize : 538-547.
Vincelli P, Parker G. 2002. Fumonisin, Vomitoxin, and Other Mycotoxins in Corn Produced by Fusarium Fungi. Coop. Ext. Service. Univ. of Kentucky. Coll. Of Agric.
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