The effect of planting technique on the growth of two Shorea species in Gunung Dahu, Bogor, Indonesia
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Abstract
One of the rehabilitation efforts undertaken by the Forest Research and Development Center in Bogor was to establish a mixed meranti(Dipterocarp) forest in the Gunung Dahu Research Forest, Bogor - West Java. The rehabilitation activities adopted several planting techniques, including total and line planting, used several types of red meranti (Shorea spp.). The purpose of this study was to assess the success of rehabilitation effort by analyzing the growth performance of Shorea leprosula and Shorea selanicastands in which applying total and line planting techniques. Diameter and height, as well as environmental factors such as soil texture, average litter thickness, slope, the average thickness of topsoil, and canopy density, were plant growth parameters that were observed. Growth data analysis was performed using ANOVA and followed by Duncan's test. The results showed that planting techniques affected the diameter growth. The highest growth rate was found in S. selanicaspecies with line planting techniques with the average diameter and height increment was 1.13 cm/year and 0.78 cm/year. Line planting techniques also scored the highest value of basal area and stand volumes, 0.06 m2 and 0.64 m3per year for S. leprosulaand 0.06 m2and 0.66 m3per year for S. selanica.
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References
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Adjers G, Kuusipalo, Hadengganan S, Nuryanto K, Vesa L. 1996. Performance of ten dipterocarp species in restocking logged-over forest areas subjected to shifting cultivator. J Trop For Sci, 9: 151-160.
Appanah S, Weinland G. 1996. Experience with planting Dipterocarps in Peninsular Malaysia. Di dalam: Schulte A, Schone D, editor. Dipteroccarp Forest Ecosystem: Towards Sustainable Management. Singapur, World Scientific Publishing.
Arifin M, Putri ND, Sandrawati A, Harryanto R. 2018. Pengaruh posisi lereng terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia tanah pada inceptisols di Jatinangor. Soilrens 16: 37-44.
Arim HD. 1995. Studi pertumbuhan tanaman meranti (Shorea spp) di BKPH Jasinga, KPH Bogor .[Skripsi]. IPB University, Bogor. [Indonesia]
Bebber D, Brown N, Speight M, Moura-Costa P, Wai YS. 2002. Spatial stucture of light and dipterocarp seedling growth in a tropical secondary forest. For Ecol Manage 72: 1-12.
Bray JR, Gorham. 1964. Litter Production In Forest of The World. Di dala. Cragg JB (Ed). Advances In Ecological Research. Vol 11. London-New York: Academic Press. Hal 102-157
Forest Watch Indonesia. 2018. Angka Deforestasi sebagai “Alarm” Memburuknya Hutan Indonesia. FWI, Bogor.
Hardjana AK, Suastati. 2014. Produktivitas tegakan tanaman meranti tembaga (Shorea leprosula) dari cabutan alam dan stek pucuk. Jurnal Penelitian Dipterokarpa 8:47-58.
Hasnah TM. 2014. Keragaman genetik meranti (Shorea leprosula Miq.) asal Kalimantan dengan analisis isozim. Jurnal Penelitian Dipterokarpa 8: 35-46.
Indrawan A. 2003. Model sistem pengelolaan hutan alam setelah penebangan dengan sistem Tebang Pilih Tanam Indonesia (TPII). Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika 9: 19-33.
Kosasih AS, Mindawati N. 2011. Pengaruh jarak tanam pada pertumbuhan tiga jenis meranti di Hutan Penelitian Haurbentes. Jurnal Dipterokarpa 5: 1-10.
Kusdamayanti. 2000. Pengaruh kondisi simpan, inhibitor dan matriconditioning terhadap viabilitas benih dan pertumbuhan bibit Shorea selanica Blume [tesis]. IPB University, Bogor. [Indonesia] [unplished].
Mawazin, Suhaendi H (2011) Kajian pertumbuhan tanaman pada sistem silvikultur tebang pilih tanam indonesia intensif (TPTII) di Kalimantan Tengah. J Penelit Hutan Konservasi Alam 8(3):253–261.
Mindawati, N and Tiryana, T. 2002. Pertumbuhan pohon Khaya anthotecha di Jawa Barat (Growth of Khaya anthotheca in West Java). Buletin Penelitian Hutan (Forest Resources Bulletin), No. 632/2002, page: 47–58.
Ministry of Environment and Forestry. 2018. Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Jakarta.
Murtinah V, Marjenah, Ruchaemi A, Ruhiyat D. 2015. Pertumbuhan hutan tanaman jati (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) di Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal AGRIFOR 14: 287-292.
Novak J, Slodivack M, Kacalek D, Dusek D. 2010. The effect of different stand density on diameter growth response in scots pine stands in relation to climate situations. Journal of Forest Science 56: 461-473.
Panjaitan S, Wahyuningtyas RS, Adawiyah R. 2012. Kondisi lingkungan tempat tumbuh Shorea johorensis Foxw. di areal HPH PT Aya Yayang Indonesia, Kaliamantan Selatan. Jurnal Penelitian Dipterokarpa 6: 11-21.
Phitaloka SA, Sunyoto, Kamal M, Hidayat KF. 2015. Pengaruh kerapatan tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa varietas sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). J. Agrotek Tropika 3: 56-63.
Pirard R, Petit H, Baral H dan Achdiawan R. 2016. Dampak Hutan Tanaman Industri di Indonesia: Analisis Persepsi Masyarakat Desa di Sumatera, Jawa dan Kalimantan. Occasional Paper 153. CIFOR, Bogor.
Pordan M. 1968. Forest Biometrcs. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Prayogi J. 2010. Pertumbuhan meranti merah (Shorea leprosula Miq) dalam sistem silvikultur tebang pilih tanam jalur [Skripisi]. IPB University, Bogor. [Indonesia] [unplished]
Purwaningsih. 2004. Sebaran ekologi jenis-jenis Dipterocarpaceae di Indonesia. Biodiveritas 5: 89-95.
Putra RM. 2017. Respon burung terhadap struktur laskap ruang terbuka hijau di Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta [Skripsi]. IPB University, Bogor.[Indonesia] [unplished]
Rachmat, H. H., Subiakto, A., Susilowati, A. 2018. Mass vegetative propagation of rare and endangered tree species of Indonesia by shoot cuttings by KOFFCO method and effect of container type on nursery storage of rooted cuttings. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 19(6), 2353-2358.
Rachmat HH, Fambayun RA. 2019. Konservasi Kehati Skala Demo-Plot. IPB Press, Bogor.
Ratnasih A. 2012. Kemampuan hutan kota dalam mereduksi kebisingan lalu lintas di Bumi Serpong Damai City Kota Tangerang Selatan [Skripsi]. IPB University, Bogor.[Indonesia] [unplished]
Risdiyanto I, Setiawan R. 2007. Metode neraca energi untuk perhitungan indeks luas daun menggunakan data citra satelit multi spektral. Agromet Indonesia 21: 27-28.
Riyanto, Indriyanto, Bintoro A. 2013. Produksi seresah pada tegakan hutan di Blok Penelitian dan Pendidikan Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman Provinsi Lampung. Jurnal Sylva Lestari 1: 1-8.
Sakai C, Subiakto A. 2007. Pedoman Pembuatan Stek Jenis-jenis Dipterokarpa dengan KOFFCO System. Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan Konservasi Alam, Bogor.
Sari KD, Iskandar AM, Hardiansyah G. 2013. Potensi pertumbuhan meranti di areal bekas tebangan dengan sistem silvikultur Tebang Pilih Tanam Jalur (TPTJ) di PT. Suka Jaya Makmur Kabupaten Ketapang Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Hutan Lestari 1: 417-428.
Septiawan W, Indriyanto, Duryat. 2017. Jenis tanaman, kerapatan, dan stratifikasi tajuk pada hutan kemasyarakatan kelompok tani rukun makmur 1 di register 30 gunung tanggamus, lampung. Jurnal Sylva Lestari 5: 88-101.
Sitorus CGE, Sunyoto, Hadi MS, Kamal M. 2015. Pengaruh kerapatan tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench) pada sistem tumpangsari dengan ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta crantz). J. Agrotek Tropika 3: 332-340.
Subiakto A, Rachmat, HH, Sakai C. 2016. Choosing native tree species for establishing man-made forest: A new perspective for sustainable forest management in changing world. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 17 :620–625
Sukendro A, Sugiarto E. 2012. Respon pertumbuhan anakan Shorea leprosula Miq, Shorea mecistopteryx Ridley, Shorea ovalis (Korth) Blume dan Shorea selanica (DC) Blume terhadap tingkat intensitas cahaya matahari. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika 3:22-27.
Suwarsono, Arief M, Hidayat, Sulma S, Suryo, Sulyantoro H, Setiawan KT. 2011. Pengembangan metode penentuan indeks luas daun pada penutup lahan hutan dari data satelit penginderaan jauh spot-2. Jurnal Penginderaan Jauh 8: 50-59.
Wahyudi A, Sari N, Saridan A, Cahyono DDN, Rayan, Noor M, Femandes A, Abdurachman, Apriani H, Handayani R et al. . 2014. Shorea leprosula Miq dan Shorea johorensis Foxw : Ekologi, Silvikultur, Budidaya dan Pengembangan. Balai Besar Penelitian Dipterokarpa, Samarinda.
Welder, R. K., Wright, S. J. 1995. Tropical forest litter dynamics and dry season irrigation on Barro Colorado Island, Panaman. Ecology, 76:1971-1979.
Wistara, N. J., Sukowati, M., & Pamoengkas, P. 2016. The properties of red meranti wood (Shorea leprosula Miq) from stand with thinning and shade free gap treatments. Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science, 13(1), 21-32.
Abdurachman, Apriani H, Noor M. 2013. Pengaruh pemulsaan terhadap pertumbuhan meranti tembaga (Shorea leprosula Miq) di Semoi, Penajam Paser Utara, Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Penelitian Dipterokarpa 7: 93-100.
Adjers G, Hadengganan, Kuusipalo, Nuryanto K, Vesa L. 1995. Enrichment planting of dipterocarps in logged-over secondary forests; effect of width, direction and maintenance method of planting line on selected Shorea spesies. Forest Ecology and Management 73:259-270.
Adjers G, Kuusipalo, Hadengganan S, Nuryanto K, Vesa L. 1996. Performance of ten dipterocarp species in restocking logged-over forest areas subjected to shifting cultivator. J Trop For Sci, 9: 151-160.
Appanah S, Weinland G. 1996. Experience with planting Dipterocarps in Peninsular Malaysia. Di dalam: Schulte A, Schone D, editor. Dipteroccarp Forest Ecosystem: Towards Sustainable Management. Singapur, World Scientific Publishing.
Arifin M, Putri ND, Sandrawati A, Harryanto R. 2018. Pengaruh posisi lereng terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia tanah pada inceptisols di Jatinangor. Soilrens 16: 37-44.
Arim HD. 1995. Studi pertumbuhan tanaman meranti (Shorea spp) di BKPH Jasinga, KPH Bogor .[Skripsi]. IPB University, Bogor. [Indonesia]
Bebber D, Brown N, Speight M, Moura-Costa P, Wai YS. 2002. Spatial stucture of light and dipterocarp seedling growth in a tropical secondary forest. For Ecol Manage 72: 1-12.
Bray JR, Gorham. 1964. Litter Production In Forest of The World. Di dala. Cragg JB (Ed). Advances In Ecological Research. Vol 11. London-New York: Academic Press. Hal 102-157
Forest Watch Indonesia. 2018. Angka Deforestasi sebagai “Alarm” Memburuknya Hutan Indonesia. FWI, Bogor.
Hardjana AK, Suastati. 2014. Produktivitas tegakan tanaman meranti tembaga (Shorea leprosula) dari cabutan alam dan stek pucuk. Jurnal Penelitian Dipterokarpa 8:47-58.
Hasnah TM. 2014. Keragaman genetik meranti (Shorea leprosula Miq.) asal Kalimantan dengan analisis isozim. Jurnal Penelitian Dipterokarpa 8: 35-46.
Indrawan A. 2003. Model sistem pengelolaan hutan alam setelah penebangan dengan sistem Tebang Pilih Tanam Indonesia (TPII). Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika 9: 19-33.
Kosasih AS, Mindawati N. 2011. Pengaruh jarak tanam pada pertumbuhan tiga jenis meranti di Hutan Penelitian Haurbentes. Jurnal Dipterokarpa 5: 1-10.
Kusdamayanti. 2000. Pengaruh kondisi simpan, inhibitor dan matriconditioning terhadap viabilitas benih dan pertumbuhan bibit Shorea selanica Blume [tesis]. IPB University, Bogor. [Indonesia] [unplished].
Mawazin, Suhaendi H (2011) Kajian pertumbuhan tanaman pada sistem silvikultur tebang pilih tanam indonesia intensif (TPTII) di Kalimantan Tengah. J Penelit Hutan Konservasi Alam 8(3):253–261.
Mindawati, N and Tiryana, T. 2002. Pertumbuhan pohon Khaya anthotecha di Jawa Barat (Growth of Khaya anthotheca in West Java). Buletin Penelitian Hutan (Forest Resources Bulletin), No. 632/2002, page: 47–58.
Ministry of Environment and Forestry. 2018. Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Jakarta.
Murtinah V, Marjenah, Ruchaemi A, Ruhiyat D. 2015. Pertumbuhan hutan tanaman jati (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) di Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal AGRIFOR 14: 287-292.
Novak J, Slodivack M, Kacalek D, Dusek D. 2010. The effect of different stand density on diameter growth response in scots pine stands in relation to climate situations. Journal of Forest Science 56: 461-473.
Panjaitan S, Wahyuningtyas RS, Adawiyah R. 2012. Kondisi lingkungan tempat tumbuh Shorea johorensis Foxw. di areal HPH PT Aya Yayang Indonesia, Kaliamantan Selatan. Jurnal Penelitian Dipterokarpa 6: 11-21.
Phitaloka SA, Sunyoto, Kamal M, Hidayat KF. 2015. Pengaruh kerapatan tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa varietas sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). J. Agrotek Tropika 3: 56-63.
Pirard R, Petit H, Baral H dan Achdiawan R. 2016. Dampak Hutan Tanaman Industri di Indonesia: Analisis Persepsi Masyarakat Desa di Sumatera, Jawa dan Kalimantan. Occasional Paper 153. CIFOR, Bogor.
Pordan M. 1968. Forest Biometrcs. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Prayogi J. 2010. Pertumbuhan meranti merah (Shorea leprosula Miq) dalam sistem silvikultur tebang pilih tanam jalur [Skripisi]. IPB University, Bogor. [Indonesia] [unplished]
Purwaningsih. 2004. Sebaran ekologi jenis-jenis Dipterocarpaceae di Indonesia. Biodiveritas 5: 89-95.
Putra RM. 2017. Respon burung terhadap struktur laskap ruang terbuka hijau di Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta [Skripsi]. IPB University, Bogor.[Indonesia] [unplished]
Rachmat, H. H., Subiakto, A., Susilowati, A. 2018. Mass vegetative propagation of rare and endangered tree species of Indonesia by shoot cuttings by KOFFCO method and effect of container type on nursery storage of rooted cuttings. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 19(6), 2353-2358.
Rachmat HH, Fambayun RA. 2019. Konservasi Kehati Skala Demo-Plot. IPB Press, Bogor.
Ratnasih A. 2012. Kemampuan hutan kota dalam mereduksi kebisingan lalu lintas di Bumi Serpong Damai City Kota Tangerang Selatan [Skripsi]. IPB University, Bogor.[Indonesia] [unplished]
Risdiyanto I, Setiawan R. 2007. Metode neraca energi untuk perhitungan indeks luas daun menggunakan data citra satelit multi spektral. Agromet Indonesia 21: 27-28.
Riyanto, Indriyanto, Bintoro A. 2013. Produksi seresah pada tegakan hutan di Blok Penelitian dan Pendidikan Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman Provinsi Lampung. Jurnal Sylva Lestari 1: 1-8.
Sakai C, Subiakto A. 2007. Pedoman Pembuatan Stek Jenis-jenis Dipterokarpa dengan KOFFCO System. Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan Konservasi Alam, Bogor.
Sari KD, Iskandar AM, Hardiansyah G. 2013. Potensi pertumbuhan meranti di areal bekas tebangan dengan sistem silvikultur Tebang Pilih Tanam Jalur (TPTJ) di PT. Suka Jaya Makmur Kabupaten Ketapang Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Hutan Lestari 1: 417-428.
Septiawan W, Indriyanto, Duryat. 2017. Jenis tanaman, kerapatan, dan stratifikasi tajuk pada hutan kemasyarakatan kelompok tani rukun makmur 1 di register 30 gunung tanggamus, lampung. Jurnal Sylva Lestari 5: 88-101.
Sitorus CGE, Sunyoto, Hadi MS, Kamal M. 2015. Pengaruh kerapatan tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench) pada sistem tumpangsari dengan ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta crantz). J. Agrotek Tropika 3: 332-340.
Subiakto A, Rachmat, HH, Sakai C. 2016. Choosing native tree species for establishing man-made forest: A new perspective for sustainable forest management in changing world. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 17 :620–625
Sukendro A, Sugiarto E. 2012. Respon pertumbuhan anakan Shorea leprosula Miq, Shorea mecistopteryx Ridley, Shorea ovalis (Korth) Blume dan Shorea selanica (DC) Blume terhadap tingkat intensitas cahaya matahari. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika 3:22-27.
Suwarsono, Arief M, Hidayat, Sulma S, Suryo, Sulyantoro H, Setiawan KT. 2011. Pengembangan metode penentuan indeks luas daun pada penutup lahan hutan dari data satelit penginderaan jauh spot-2. Jurnal Penginderaan Jauh 8: 50-59.
Wahyudi A, Sari N, Saridan A, Cahyono DDN, Rayan, Noor M, Femandes A, Abdurachman, Apriani H, Handayani R et al. . 2014. Shorea leprosula Miq dan Shorea johorensis Foxw : Ekologi, Silvikultur, Budidaya dan Pengembangan. Balai Besar Penelitian Dipterokarpa, Samarinda.
Welder, R. K., Wright, S. J. 1995. Tropical forest litter dynamics and dry season irrigation on Barro Colorado Island, Panaman. Ecology, 76:1971-1979.
Wistara, N. J., Sukowati, M., & Pamoengkas, P. 2016. The properties of red meranti wood (Shorea leprosula Miq) from stand with thinning and shade free gap treatments. Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science, 13(1), 21-32.
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