Short Communication: Drying methods and diversity of contaminant fungi on coffee beans in South Ogan Komering Ulu District, South Sumatra, Indonesia
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Abstract. Lilia D, Damiri N, Zulkarnain M, Mulawarman. 2021. Short Communication: Drying methods and diversity of contaminant fungi on coffee beans in South Ogan Komering Ulu District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1037-1042. South Ogan Komering Ulu District is a Robusta coffee-producing area in South Sumatra. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of two drying methods on reducing the moisture content of coffee beans by comparing beans dried on tarpaulin and on asphalt roads. The study also assessed the diversity and percentage of fungal contaminants found in coffee beans from each drying method (including OTA-producing fungi). Data was obtained from May until July 2020 from surveys, interviews and samples collected from 30 farmers drying on tarpaulin and 30 farmers drying on the asphalt. The results showed that the moisture content was higher after drying on tarpaulin (13.97% ± 0.55) than on the asphalt road (11.68% ± 0.40). Furthermore, 13 different types of fungi were found for the coffee beans drying on the tarpaulin and 10 types of fungi for those drying on asphalt. In the two methods of drying, it was found that two types of fungi namely Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus ochraceus were potential of producing ochratoxin A (OTA). At the drying on tarpaulin was found mix of more than 93.3% A.niger and A. ochraceus, meanwhile at the drying on asphalt were found mix of more than 90% A.niger and A.ochraceus respectively.
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References
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Rezende EF, Borges JG, Cirillo MÂ, Prado G, Paiva LC, Batista LR. 2013. Ochratoxigenic fungi associated with green coffee beans ( Coffea arabica L .) in conventional and organic cultivation in Brazil, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 44(2):377–384.
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Yani, A. (2008). Fungal Infection at Coffee Beans during Primary Processing ( Case Study in Bengkulu Province ), Jurnal Akta Agrosia 11(1):87-95.
Barcelo JM, Barcelo RC. 2017. Post-harvest practices linked with ochratoxin A contamination of coffee in three provinces of Cordillera Administrative Region , Philippines. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 35(2):1–13.
Bradford KJ, Dahal P, Asbrouck JV, Kunusoth K, Bello P, Thompson, J, Wu F. 2018. The dry chain: Reducing postharvest losses and improving food safety in humid climates. Trends in Food Science & Technology 71:84-93.
Bui-klimke TR, Wu F. 2015. Ochratoxin A and Human Health Risk?: A Review of the Evidence Ochratoxin A and Human Health Risk?: A Review of the Evidence. Food Sci. Nutr 55(13):1860-1869.
Duris D, Mburu JK, Durand N, Clarke R, Frank JM, Guyod B. 2010. Ochratoxin A contamination of coffee batches from Kenya in relation to cultivation methods and postharvest processing treatments. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part A, 27(6): 836-841.
Dharmaputra OK, Santi Ambarwati, I. R. and N. N. (2019). Fungal Infection of Stored Arabica Coffee (Coffeea arabica) Beans in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia.Biotropia 26(2):127-135.
Djossou O, Sevastianos R, Gaime I, Macarie H, Germain KT, Labrousse Y. 2015. Fungal population , including Ochratoxin A producing Aspergillus section Nigri strains from Ivory Coast coffee bean, African Journal of Agricultural Research 10(26):2576-2589.
Ghosh P and Venkatachalapathy N. 2014. Processing and Drying of Coffee–A Review. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology 3(12): 785-794.
Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Seifert KA, Overy DP, Tuthill, DM, Valdez JG, Samson RA. 2012. New penicillin-producing Penicillium species and an overview of section Chrysogena, Persoonia 29:78-100.
International Coffee Organization. 2019. Growing for prosperity Economic viability as the catalyst for a sustainable coffee sector. Coffee Development Report 2019-Overview. International Coffee Organization, 15 pp.
Leitao AL.2019. Occurrence of Ochratoxin A in Coffee?: Threads and Solutions—A Mini-Review. Beverage 5(2):36.
National Standardization Agency of Indonesia. 2017. Overview of Indonesian National Standards: Coffee beans; Cocoa beans and Seaweed. National Standardization Agency of Indonesia, 60 pp.
Neto DPC, Pereira GVM, Tanobe VOA, Soccol VT, Silva BJG, Rodrigues C, Soccol CR. 2017. Yeast Diversity and Physicochemical Characteristics Associated with Coffee Bean Fermentation from the Brazilian Cerrado Mineiro Region. Fermentation 3(11): 1-11
Nganou ND, Durand N, Tatsadjieu NL, Métayer I., Montet D, Mbofung CMF. 2014. Fungal Flora and Ochratoxin A Associated with Coffee in Cameroon, British Microbiology Research Journal 4(1):1-17.
Noonim P, Mahakarnchanakul W, Nielsen KF, Frisvad JC, Samson RA. 2008. Isolation , identification and toxigenic potential of ochratoxin A-producing Aspergillus species from coffee beans grown in two regions of Thailand. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 128(2): 197–202.
Noonim P, Mahakarnchanakul W, Varga J, Frisvad JC, Samson, RA. 2008. Two novel species of Aspergillus section Nigri from Thai coffee beans. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58(7):1727-1734.
Rezende EF, Borges JG, Cirillo MÂ, Prado G, Paiva LC, Batista LR. 2013. Ochratoxigenic fungi associated with green coffee beans ( Coffea arabica L .) in conventional and organic cultivation in Brazil, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 44(2):377–384.
Samson RA, Hoekstra, ES, Frisvad JC. Introduction to Food and Airborne Fungi, 7th ed., Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, Netherlands,389 pp.
Samson RA, Visagie CM., Houbraken J, Hong SB, Vubka V, Klaassen CH, Perrone G, Seifert KA, Susca A, Tanney JB, Varga, J, Kocsube S, Szigeni G, Yaguchi T, Frisvard JC.2014. Phylogeny, identification and nomenclature of the genus Aspergillus. Stud Mycol 78:141-73.
Taniwaki MH., Pitt JI, Copetti MV, Teixeira AA, Iamanaka BT. 2019. Understanding Mycotoxin Contamination Across the Food Chain in Brazil?: Challenges and Opportunities, Toxins 11(411): 1–17.
Varga J, Frisvad S, Kocsubé S, Brankovics B, Tóth B, Szigeti G, Samson A. 2011. New and revisited species in Aspergillus section Nigri. Studies in Mycology 69(1):1-17.
Yani, A. (2008). Fungal Infection at Coffee Beans during Primary Processing ( Case Study in Bengkulu Province ), Jurnal Akta Agrosia 11(1):87-95.
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