Taxonomic and functional diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrate from natural forest as reference for streams health indicators in Lasolo Watershed, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

NASARUDDIN
LAODE SABARUDDIN
KANGKUSO ANALUDDIN
LA BACO SUDIA

Abstract

Abstract. Nasaruddin N, Sabaruddin L, Analuddin K, Sudia LB. 2023. Taxonomic and functional diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrate from natural forest as reference for streams health indicators in Lasolo Watershed, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5523-5538. Macroinvertebrates are known to play a crucial role in nutrient recycling and serve as valuable stream degradation indicators. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the structural and functional diversity of macroinvertebrate communities as a reference for stream health indicators in tropical Sulawesi, Indonesia. Spatial sampling using a multi-habitat method was conducted between September 2021 and March 2022 in five streams connected to natural forest and three from drainage areas in dryland farming. Data on forest cover, physical-chemical variables, and macroinvertebrate samples were collected, while the species richness and diversity trends across streams were analyzed using individual rarefaction curves. In addition, the composition of macroinvertebrate functional group was also evaluated. The results showed that 2474 individuals belonging to 77 genera were recorded throughout the area. We found a reduction in taxa composition by comparing the reference and impacted stream at the genus, family, and order levels with approximate values of 83.1%, 74.07%, and 55.6%, respectively. At least seven significantly different potential metrics that differentiated between reference and the impacted ecosystem were found, including the number of family taxa (#family), the number of insect taxa (#insect), the number of Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera taxa (#EPT), the number of scraper taxa (#scraper), as well as Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson Evenness, and Margalef Richness index. These metrics offer a strong method for assessing land use change and their impact on freshwater biodiversity, emphasizing the importance of conservation efforts in the ecosystem.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

References
Aazami J, Esmaili Sari A, Abdoli A, Sohrabi H, Van den Brink PJ. 2015. Assessment of ecological quality of the Tajan River in Iran using a multimetric macroinvertebrate index and species traits. Environ manage. 56: 260-269. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-015-0489-x.
Adnan AA, Effendi AD, Thamrin FS, Nongko MB, Fatanah N, Jusri TN, Widodo, Bachtiar, and Rahman A. 2017. “Arahan Rencana Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan Hidup Pulau Sulawesi Berbasis Indikasi Daya Dukung dan Daya Tampung Lingkungan Hidup Lokus Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan Gorontalo Terkait Isu Ketahanan Pangan,” (Pusat Pengendalian Pembangunan Ekoregion Sulawesi dan Maluku Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Makassar, Indonesia).
Agouridis CT, Wesley ET, Sanderson TM, Newton BL. 2015. Aquatic Macroinvertebrates?: Biological Indicators of Stream Health. J Agric Nat Resour 5: 1–5. DOI:
Agra J, Ligeiro R, Heino J, Macedo DR, Castro DMP, Linares MS, Callisto M. 2021. Anthropogenic disturbances alter the relationships between environmental heterogeneity and biodiversity of stream insects. Ecol. Indic. 121:107079. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107079.
Analuddin K, Nasaruddin N, Septiana A, Sarliyana WO, Nurlyati A, Masa W, Rahim S. Spatial 2015. Pattern in Beta Diversity of Echinoidea and Asteroidea Communities from the Coastal Area of Tomia Island, Wakatobi Marine National Park, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biotropia (Bogor) 22(1): 33 - 43. DOI: 10.11598/btb.2015.22.1.355.
Arman NZ, Salmiati S, Said MI, Aris A. 2019. Development of macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index and establishment of biocriteria for river health assessment in Malaysia. Ecol. Indic. 104: 449-58. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.04.060.
Armitage PD, Moss D, Wright JF, Furse MT. 1983. The performance of a new biological water quality score system based on macroinvertebrates over a wide range of unpolluted running-water sites. Water Res. 17(3): 333-47. DOI: 10.1016/0043-1354(83)90188-4
Badjoeri M, Samir O. 2022. Effect of Anthropogenic Activity on Benthic Macroinvertebrate Functional Feeding Groups in Small Streams of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Sains Malays. 51: 3551-66. DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2022-5111-04
Bhandari B, Shah RD, Sharma S. 2018. Status, Distribution and Habitat Specificity of Benthic Macro-Invertebrates: a Case Study in Five Tributaries of Buddhiganga River in Western Nepal. J. Sci. Technol. 23: 69-75. DOI: 10.3126/jist.v23i1.22198
Bouchard RW, Ferrington LC, Karius ML. 2004. Guide to aquatic invertebrates of the Upper Midwest. University of Minnesota, Water Resources Research Center, United States.
Brito JG, Roque FO, Martins RT, Nessimian JL, Oliveira VC, Hughes RM, de Paula FR, Ferraz SF, Hamada N. 2020. Small forest losses degrade stream macroinvertebrate assemblages in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. Biol. Conserv. 241: 108263. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108263.
Calderon MR, Gonzalez SP, Perez-Iglesias JM, Jofre MB. 2023. Anthropogenic impacts on rivers: use of multiple indicators to assess environmental quality status. Hydrobiologia 850: 469-87. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-022-05090-6.
Chellaiah D, Yule CM. 2018. Riparian buffers mitigate impacts of oil palm plantations on aquatic macroinvertebrate community structure in tropical streams of Borneo. Ecol. Indic. 95: 53-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.07.025.
Chen Q, Zhang X, Shen L, Zhang X, Dongjiong XU. 2017. Community structure and species diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in Taihu Basin of Jiangsu Province. J. Lake Sci. 29: 1398-411. DOI: 10.18307/2017.0612.
Clapcott JE, Goodwin EO, Snelder TH, Collier KJ, Neale MW, Greenfield S. 2017. Finding reference: a comparison of modelling approaches for predicting macroinvertebrate community index benchmarks. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 51(1): 44-59. DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2016.1265994.
Cummins KW, Lauff GH. 1969. The influence of substrate particle size on the microdistribution of stream macrobenthos. Hydrobiologia 34: 145-81. DOI: 10.1007/BF00141925.
Cummins KW, Merritt RW, Andrade PC. 2005. The use of invertebrate functional groups to characterize ecosystem attributes in selected streams and rivers in south Brazil. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 40(1): 69-89. DOI: 10.1080/01650520400025720.
Damarraya A, Bustomi AF and Rhama DFP. 2021. Deforestasi Indonesia Tahun 2019-2020. Direktorat Jenderal Planologi Kehutanan dan Tata Lingkungan. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. https://geoportal.menlhk.go.id/
Damborenea C, Rogers DC, Thorp JH (eds). 2020. Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates: Volume 5: Keys to Neotropical and Antarctic Fauna. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, San Diego, United States.
de Carvalho DR, Leal CG, Junqueira NT, de Castro MA, Fagundes DC, Alves CB, Hughes RM, Pompeu PS. 2017. A fish-based multimetric index for Brazilian savanna streams. Ecol. Indic. 77: 386-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.02.032.
Dobriyal P, Badola R, Tuboi C, Hussain SA. 2017. A review of methods for monitoring streamflow for sustainable water resource management. Appl Water Sci. 7(6): 2617–2628. DOI: 10.1007/s13201-016-0488-y.
Dobson M, Pawley S, Fletcher M, Powell A. 2012. Guide to freshwater invertebrates. Freshwater Biological Association, Cumbria UK.
Edwards P. 2014. Stream Insects. Center for Science Education Portland State University, United States.
Espinoza-Toledo A, Mendoza-Carranza M, Castillo MM, Barba-Macías E, Capps KA. 2021. Taxonomic and functional responses of macroinvertebrates to riparian forest conversion in tropical streams. Sci. Total Environ. 757: 143972. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143972.
Etemi FZ, Bytyçi P, Ismaili M, Fetoshi O, Ymeri P, Shala–Abazi A, Muja-Bajraktari N, Czikkely M. 2020. The use of macroinvertebrate based biotic indices and diversity indices to evaluate the water quality of Lepenci river basin in Kosovo. J. Environ. Health 55(6), 748–758. DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1738172.
Feio MJ, Hughes RM, Callisto M, Nichols SJ, Odume ON, Quintella BR, Kuemmerlen M, Aguiar FC, Almeida SF, Alonso-EguíaLis P, Arimoro FO. 2021. The biological assessment and rehabilitation of the world’s rivers: An overview. Water 13(3): 371. DOI: 10.3390/w13030371
Fierro P, Valdovinos C, Arismendi I, Díaz G, Jara-Flores A, Habit E, Vargas-Chacoff L. 2019. Examining the influence of human stressors on benthic algae, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblages in Mediterranean streams of Chile. Sci. Total Environ. 686: 26-37. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.277.
Forio MA and Goethals PL. 2020. An integrated approach of multi-community monitoring and assessment of aquatic ecosystems to support sustainable development. Sustainability 12(14): 5603. DOI: 10.3390/su12145603.
Gracia A, Rangel-Buitrago N, Oakley JA, Williams AT. 2018. Use of ecosystems in coastal erosion management. Ocean Coast. Manag. 156: 277-289. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.07.009.
Gerth WJ, Li J, Giannico GR. 2017. Agricultural land use and macroinvertebrate assemblages in lowland temporary streams of the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA. Agric Ecosyst Environ 236:154-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2016.11.010.
Godoy BS, Queiroz LL, Simiao-Ferreira J, Lodi S, Camargos LM, Oliveira LG. 2022. The effect of spatial scale on the detection of environmental drivers on aquatic insect communities in pristine and altered streams of the Brazilian Cerrado. Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci. 42: 2173-82. DOI: 10.1007/s42690-022-00738-1.
Gomes PG, Lima EL, Silva SR, Juen L, Brasil LS. 2022. Does land use and land cover affect adult communities of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT)? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Environ. Monit. Assess. 194(10): 697. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10352-w.
Green NS, Li S, Maul JD and Overmyer JP. 2022. Natural and anthropogenic factors and their interactions drive stream community integrity in a North American river basin at a large spatial scale. Sci. Total Environ. 835:155344. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155344.
Guareschi S, Laini A, England J, Johns T, Winter M, Wood PJ. 2021. Invasive species influence macroinvertebrate biomonitoring tools and functional diversity in British rivers. J Appl Ecol. 58: 135-47. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13795.
Hamid A, Bhat SU, Jehangir A. 2021. Assessment of ecological characteristics of macroinvertebrate communities and their relationship with environmental factors in a stream ecosystem. Chem. Ecol. 37: 746-66. DOI: 10.1080/02757540.2021.1987419.
Hammer Ø, Harper DA, Ryan PD. 2001. PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol. Electron. 4(1): 1–9.
Hansen MC, Wang L, Song XP, Tyukavina A, Turubanova S, Potapov PV, Stehman SV. 2020. The fate of tropical forest fragments. Sci. Adv. 6(11): eaax8574. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax8574.
Harahap A, Mahadewi EP, Ahmadi D, Tj HW, Ganiem LM, Rafika M, Hartanto A. 2021. Monitoring of macroinvertebrates along streams of Bilah River, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Int. J. Conserv. Sci. 12: 247-58.
Hawkins CP and Carlisle DM. 2022. Biological Assessments of Aquatic Ecosystems. In T. Mehner and K. Tockner (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Inland Waters (Second Edition). Elsevier, Amsterdam. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819166-8.00100-6.
Hess S, Alve E, Andersen TJ, Joranger T. 2020. Defining ecological reference conditions in naturally stressed environments–How difficult is it?. Mar. Environ. Res. 156: 104885. DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104885.
Hilsenhoff WL. 1988. Rapid field assessment of organic pollution with a family-level biotic index. J. North Am. Benthol. Soc. 7(1): 65-8. DOI: 10.2307/1467832. DOI: 10.2307/1467832.
Hou D, Bolan NS, Tsang DC, Kirkham MB, O'Connor D. 2020. Sustainable soil use and management: An interdisciplinary and systematic approach. Sci. Total Environ. 729: 138961. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138961.
Hughes RM, Kaufmann PR, Weber MH. 2011. National and regional comparisons between Strahler order and stream size. J. North Am. Benthol. Soc. 30(1): 103-21. DOI: 10.1899/09-174.1.
Hui WA, Fikri AH. 2021. Comparative analyses of biotic indices based on benthic macroinvertebrates for stream water quality assessment at tropical streams. Serangga 26(2): 47-67.
Ilmi F, Muntalif BS, Chazanah N, Sari NE, Bagaskara SW. 2023. Benthic macroinvertebrates functional feeding group community distribution in rivers connected to reservoirs in the midstream of Citarum River, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1773-1784. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240352
Kahirun K, Sabaruddin L, Mukhtar M, Kilowasid LM. 2019. Evaluation of land use impact on river water quality using macroinvertebrates as bioindicator in Lahumoko Watershed, Buton Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1658-1670. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200623.
Karr JR, Larson ER, Chu EW. 2022. Ecological integrity is both real and valuable. Conserv. Sci. Pract. 4(2): e583. DOI: 10.1111/csp2.583.
Katano I, Negishi JN, Minagawa T, Kawaguchi Y, Kayaba Y. 2021. Effects of sediment replenishment on riverbed environments and macroinvertebrate assemblages downstream of a dam. Sci. Rep. 11(1): 1-7. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86278-z.
Kimmel WG, Argent DG. 2019. Impacts of point-source Net Alkaline Mine Drainage (NAMD) on stream macroinvertebrate communities. J. Environ. Manage. 250:109484. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109484.
Kuehne LM, Olden JD, Strecker AL, Lawler JJ, Theobald DM. 2017. Past, present, and future of ecological integrity assessment for fresh waters. Front Ecol Environ 15(4): 197-205. DOI: 10.1002/fee.1483.
Laini A, Viaroli P, Bolpagni R, Cancellario T, Racchetti E and Guareschi S. 2019. Taxonomic and functional responses of benthic macroinvertebrate communities to hydrological and water quality variations in a heavily regulated river. Water 11(7): 2-18. DOI: 10.3390/w11071478.
Leitner P, Graf W, Hauer C. 2021. Ecological assessment of high sediment loads based on macroinvertebrate communities in the Bohemian Massif in Austria–A sensitivity analysis. Limnologica 98:125941. DOI: 10.1016/j.limno.2021.125941.
Lorenz S, Wolter C. 2019. Quantitative response of riverine benthic invertebrates to sediment grain size and shear stress. Hydrobiologia 834(1): 47-61. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-019-3908-9.
Li Z, Heino J, Liu Z, Meng X, Chen X, Ge Y, Xie Z. 2021. The drivers of multiple dimensions of stream macroinvertebrate beta diversity across a large montane landscape. Limnol. Oceanogr. 66: 226-36. DOI: 10.1002/lno.11599.
Luiza-Andrade A, Brasil LS, Torres NR, Brito J, Silva RR, Maioli LU, Barbirato MF, Rolim SG and Juen L. 2020. Effects of Local Environmental and Landscape Variables on the Taxonomic and Trophic Composition of Aquatic Insects in a Rare Forest Formation of the Brazilian Amazon. Neotrop. Entomol. 49(6): 821–831. DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00814-6.
Macedo DR, Hughes RM, Ferreira WR, Firmiano KR, Silva DR, Ligeiro R, Kaufmann PR, Callisto M. 2016. Development of a benthic macroinvertebrate multimetric index (MMI) for Neotropical Savanna headwater streams. Ecol. Indic. 64: 132-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.12.019.
Malacarne TJ, Machado NR, Moretto Y. 2023. Influence of land use on the structure and functional diversity of aquatic insects in neotropical streams. Hydrobiologia 26:1-6. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-023-05207-5.
Marques NC, Jankowski KJ, Macedo MN, Juen L, Luiza-Andrade A, Deegan LA. 2021. Riparian forests buffer the negative effects of cropland on macroinvertebrate diversity in lowland Amazonian streams. Hydrobiologia. 848: 3503-20. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-021-04604-y.
Masese FO, Achieng AO, O'Brien GC, McClain ME. 2021. Macroinvertebrate taxa display increased fidelity to preferred biotopes among disturbed sites in a hydrologically variable tropical river. Hydrobiologia 848: 321-43. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-020-04437-1.
McDaniel T, Pascoe T. 2017. Applying the reference condition approach to Lake of the Woods: sediment and benthic invertebrate community assessment for lake-wide management. Lake Reserv. Manag. 33(4): 452-71. DOI: 10.1080/10402381.2017.1379573.
Mello Kde, Valente RA, Randhir TO and Vettorazzi CA. 2018. Impacts of tropical forest cover on water quality in agricultural watersheds in southeastern Brazil. Ecol. Indic. 93: 1293–1301. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.06.030.
Merritt RW, Cummins KW, Berg MB. 2017. Trophic relationships of macroinvertebrates. In: Hauer FR, Gary AL (eds) Methods in Stream Ecology. Volume 1 Third Edition, Academic Press, United States
Narumon S and Boonsoong B. 2006. Identification of Freshwater Invertebrates of the Mekong River and its Tributaries. Mekong River Commission, Cambodia.
Nasaruddin N, Sabaruddin L, Analuddin K, Sudia LB. 2023. Macroinvertebrate species richness in oil palm landscape with different anthropogenic pressures: A case study at Lalindu streams, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: AIP Conference Proceedings 2023 May 30 (Vol. 2704, No. 1). AIP Publishing, USA.
Nguyen HH, Everaert G, Gabriels W, Hoang TH, Goethals PL. 2014. A multimetric macroinvertebrate index for assessing the water quality of the Cau river basin in Vietnam. Limnologica 45: 16-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.limno.2013.10.001.
Oduor CO, Karanja NK, Onwonga RN, Mureithi SM, Pelster D, Nyberg G. 2018. Enhancing soil organic carbon, particulate organic carbon and microbial biomass in semi-arid rangeland using pasture enclosures. BMC Ecol. 18:1-9. DOI: 10.1186/s12898-018-0202-z.
Pallottini M, Cappelletti D, Fabrizi A, Gaino E, Goretti E, Selvaggi R, Céréghino R. 2017. Macroinvertebrate functional trait responses to chemical pollution in agricultural–industrial landscapes. River Res Appl. 33(4): 505-13. DOI: 10.1002/rra.3101.
Polhemus, D. A., & Polhemus, J. T. (2013). Guide to the aquatic heteroptera of Singapore and peninsular Malaysia. XI. Infraorder Nepomorpha-families Naucoridae and Aphelocheiridae. Raffles Bull. Zool. 61(2), 665–686.
Prakoso SB, Miyake Y, Ueda W, Suryatmojo H. 2023. Impact of land use on water quality and invertebrate assemblages in Indonesian streams. Limnologica 101:126082. DOI: 10.1016/j.limno.2023.126082.
Retnaningdyah C, Arisoesilaningsih E, Vidayanti V, Purnomo P, Febriansyah SC. 2023. Community structure and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality in some waterfall ecosystems, Bawean Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 370-378. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240144.
Santos JI, Vidal T, Gonçalves FJ, Castro BB, Pereira JL. 2021. Challenges to water quality assessment in Europe–Is there scope for improvement of the current Water Framework Directive bioassessment scheme in rivers?. Ecol. Indic. 121:107030. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107030
Sany ZM, Arisoesilaningsih E, Retnaningdyah C. 2023. Evaluation of Menala River Water Quality Based on Benthic Macroinvertebrate as Bioindicator to Support Tourism in Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies. 11(1): 1-0. DOI: 10.21776/ub.jitode.2023.011.01.01.
Singh AK, Jiang XJ, Yang B, Wu J, Rai A, Chen C, Ahirwal J, Wang P, Liu W, Singh N. 2020. Biological indicators impacted by land use change, soil resource availability and seasonality in dry tropics. Ecol. Indic. 115:106369. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106369.
Shuman TC, Smiley Jr PC, Gillespie RB, Gonzalez JM. 2020. Influence of physical and chemical characteristics of sediment on macroinvertebrate communities in agricultural headwater streams. Water 12(11): 2976. DOI: 10.3390/w12112976.
Sumudumali RG and Jayawardana JM. 2021. A review of biological monitoring of aquatic ecosystems approaches: with special reference to macroinvertebrates and pesticide pollution. Environ Manage. 67(2): 263-76. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01423-0.
Tampo L, Lazar IM, Kaboré I, Oueda A, Akpataku KV, Djaneye-Boundjou G, Bawa LM, Lazar G, Guenda W. 2020. A multimetric index for assessment of aquatic ecosystem health based on macroinvertebrates for the Zio river basin in Togo. Limnologica 83: 125783. DOI: 10.1016/j.limno.2020.125783.
USEPA 2017. National Rivers and Stream Assessment 2018/19: Field Operation Manual-Wadeable. EPA-841-B-17-003a. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington DC.
Wan Abdul Ghani WM, Abas Kutty A, Mahazar MA, Al-Shami SA, Ab Hamid S. 2018. Performance of biotic indices in comparison to chemical-based Water Quality Index (WQI) in evaluating the water quality of urban river. Environ. Monit. Assess. 190: 1-4. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6675-6.
Wakhid W, Rauf A, Krisanti M, Sumertajaya IM, Maryana N. 2021. Aquatic insect communities in headwater streams of Ciliwung River watershed, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 30-41. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220105.
Weerasooriya RR, Liyanage LP, Rathnappriya RH, Bandara WB, Perera TA, Gunarathna MH, Jayasinghe GY. 2021. Industrial water conservation by water footprint and sustainable development goals: a review. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 1:1-49. DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-01184-0.
Winterbourn MJ, Gregson KL, Dolphin CH. 1989. Guide to the aquatic insects of New Zealand. Auckland: Entomological Society of New Zealand, New Zealand.
Zettel H, Papá?ek M and Kovac D. 2011. Guide to the aquatic heteroptera of Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia: VII. family helotrephidae. Raffles Bull. Zool. 59(2): 171–179.
Zhang Y, Cheng L, Tolonen KE, Yin H, Gao J, Zhang Z, Li K, Cai Y. 2018. Substrate degradation and nutrient enrichment structuring macroinvertebrate assemblages in agriculturally dominated Lake Chaohu Basins, China. Sci. Total Environ. 627: 57-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.232
Zhang J, Jiang P, Chen K, He S, Wang B, Jin X. 2020. Development of biological water quality categories for streams using a biotic index of macroinvertebrates in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Ecol. Indic. 117:106650. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106650.

Most read articles by the same author(s)