Isolation of bacteria from Apis cerana hive, their antibacterial potency and cytotoxicity
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Abstract. Yasmin Y, Fitri L, Fauziah, Wasliyah F. 2019. Isolation of bacteria from Apis cerana hive, their antibacterial potency and cytotoxicity. Biodiversitas 20: 2733-2738. This study aimed to identify bacteria from Apis cerana hive; to determine their antibacterial activity, and cytotoxic effect of hive extract as well as bacterial extract. Identification of bacteria isolated from the hive was carried out based on morphological and biochemical characters. The antibacterial assay of beehive bacteria isolates was done by disk diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Toxicity test of beehive extract and beehive bacterial extract were carried out using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) with six final concentrations (32 ppm, 64 ppm, 126 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1000 ppm). The LC50 value was determined by probit analysis using SPSS. Bacterial isolation showed there were four bacterial isolates from A. cerana hive were the genus Bacillus (BSL1, and BSL3), the genus Micrococcus (BSL2) and the genus Neisseria (BSL4). The antibacterial assay showed that BSL4 isolate has the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus with the diameter of the inhibitory zone was 32.6 mm. Toxicity test showed that A. cerana hive extract and bacterial ethanol extract from A. cerana hive had LC50 value of 67,744 ppm and 86.985 ppm respectively and categorized as toxic.
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References
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Gamse T. 2002. Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Solid-Liquid Extraction. Institute of Thermal Process and Environmental Engineering Graz University of Technology, Austria.
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Piccini C, Antunez K, Zunino P. 2004. An Approach to The Characterization of The Honey Bee Hive Bacterial Flora. Journal of Apicultural Research 43(3): 101-104.
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Promnuan Y, Kudo T, Chantawannakul P. 2009. Actinomycetes Isolated from Beehives in Thailand. World Journal Microbiol Biotechnol 25: 1685-1689.
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Rosyidi D, Radiati LE, Minarti, Mustakim, Susilo A, Jaya F, Azis A. 2018. Comparison of Antioxidant Properties of Propolis in Two Types of Bees (Apis mellifera and Trigona sp.) In Mojokerto and Batu, East Java, Indonesia. Journal of Animal Husbandry Science and Technology 13 (2): 108- 117.[Indonesian]
Snowdon JA, Cliver DO. 1996. Microorganisms in Honey. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 31: 1-26.
Thamrin A, Erwin, Syafrizal. 2016. Phytochemical Test, Toxicity and Antioxidant of Incolis Trigona Bee Honey Propolis Extract with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) Method. Mulawarman Chemistry Journal 14 (1): 54-60.[Indonesian]
Yuliana R, Sutariningsih E, Santoso HB, Hendarto Train, Riendrasari Elementary School. 2015. Antimicrobial Power of Honeycomb Honey Trigona spp. Against Pathogenic Microbes. Bioeducation Journal. 8 (1): 67-70.
Cowan ST, Steel KJ. 1993. Manual for The Identification of Medical Bacteria 3rd Edition. Cambridge University Press, London.
Damus MS, Otis GW. 1997. A Morphometric Analysis of Apis cerana F and Apis nigrocincta Smith Populations from Southeast Asia. Apidologie 28: 309-323.
Davis WW, Stout TR. 1971. Disc Plate Method of Microbiological Antibiotic Assay. Appl. Microbiol 22(4): 659-665.
Dharmawan IWE, Retno K, Made SP. 2009. Isolation of Streptomyces spp. in Bali Barat National Park and Inhibition Test to Five Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strain. Jurnal Biologi 13(1): 1-6.
Gamse T. 2002. Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Solid-Liquid Extraction. Institute of Thermal Process and Environmental Engineering Graz University of Technology, Austria.
Gupte S. 1990. Basic Microbiology. Translation from The Short Textbook of Medical Microbiology By Suryawidjaja E. Bina Rupa Aksara, Jakarta.[Indonesia]
Gilliam M, Roubik DW, Lorenz BJ. 1990. Microorganisms Associated with Pollen, Honey, Brood Provisions in The Nest of a Stingless Bee, Melipona fasciata. Apidologie 21: 89-97.
Hadisoesilo S, Otis GW. 1998. Differences in Drone Cappings of Apis cerana and Apis nigrocincta. Journal of Apicultural Research 37(1): 11-15.
Hardy PS. 2002. Human Microbiology. CRC Press, London.
Hartini. 2017. Antifungi Activity Test of Bee Nest Extract from North Luwu Against Candida albicans. Bioeducation Journal 10 (2): 44-46.[Indonesian]
Hasan AEZ, Mangunwidjaja D, Sunarti TC, Suparno O, Setiyono A. 2013. Optimization of Propolis Extraction Using Maseration Method with 70% Ethanol Solvent and Microwave Heating and Characterization as Anticancer Breast Material. Journal of Agricultural Industry Technology 23 (1): 13-21.[Indonesian]
Holt JG, Krieg NR, Sneath PHA, Staley JT, William ST. 1994. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology 9th Edition. William and Wilkins, Baltimore.
Koetz AH. 2013. Ecology, Behaviour, and Control of Apis cerana with a Focus on Relevance to the Australian Incursion. Insects 4: 558-592.
Kurnijasanti R, Hamid IS, Rahmawati K. 2008. In vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Mahkota Dewa Fruit Extract (Phaleria macrocarpa) Against Mieloma Cancer Cell Culture. Research Journal. Med. Exact 7 (1): 48- 54.[Indonesian]
Lay WB. 1994. Microbial Analysis in Laboratory Edition I. PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.[Indonesian]
Mardany M P, Chrystomo LY, Karim AK. 2016. Phytochemical Screening and Cytotoxic Activity Test of the Semut Sarang Plant (Myrmecodia beccarii Hook.f.) Origin of Merauke Regency. Papua Biology Journal. 8 (1): 13-22.[Indonesian]
Meyer BN, Ferrigni NR, Putnam JE, Jacobson LB, Nichols DE, McLaughlin JL. 1982. Brine Shrimp: A Convenient General Bioassay for Active Plant Constituents. Planta Medica 45: 31-34.
Novita, Rustama S, Sutriyono. 2013. Morphometric Analysis of Working Honey Bees Apis cerana Cultivating at Two Altitudes of Different Places. Indonesian Animal Husbandry Journal. 8 (1): 41-46.[Indonesian]
Piccini C, Zunino P. 2001. American Foulbrood in Uruguay: Isolation of Paenibacillus larvae subspecies Larvae from Larvae with Clinical Symptoms and Adult Honeybees, and Susceptibility to Oxytetracycline. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 78: 176-177.
Piccini C, Antunez K, Zunino P. 2004. An Approach to The Characterization of The Honey Bee Hive Bacterial Flora. Journal of Apicultural Research 43(3): 101-104.
Prescott LM, Harley, Klein. 2002. Microbiology 5th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education, New York.
Promnuan Y, Kudo T, Chantawannakul P. 2009. Actinomycetes Isolated from Beehives in Thailand. World Journal Microbiol Biotechnol 25: 1685-1689.
Pujiati. 2014. Isolation of Actinomycetes from Garden Land as a Material for Microbiology Practicum Guidance. Journal of Florea 1 (2): 42-46.[Indonesian]
Rosyidi D, Radiati LE, Minarti, Mustakim, Susilo A, Jaya F, Azis A. 2018. Comparison of Antioxidant Properties of Propolis in Two Types of Bees (Apis mellifera and Trigona sp.) In Mojokerto and Batu, East Java, Indonesia. Journal of Animal Husbandry Science and Technology 13 (2): 108- 117.[Indonesian]
Snowdon JA, Cliver DO. 1996. Microorganisms in Honey. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 31: 1-26.
Thamrin A, Erwin, Syafrizal. 2016. Phytochemical Test, Toxicity and Antioxidant of Incolis Trigona Bee Honey Propolis Extract with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) Method. Mulawarman Chemistry Journal 14 (1): 54-60.[Indonesian]
Yuliana R, Sutariningsih E, Santoso HB, Hendarto Train, Riendrasari Elementary School. 2015. Antimicrobial Power of Honeycomb Honey Trigona spp. Against Pathogenic Microbes. Bioeducation Journal. 8 (1): 67-70.
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