Rice phyllosphere bacteria producing antifungal compounds as biological control agents of blast disease
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Abstract. Wiraswati SM, Nawangsih AA, Rusmana I, Wahyudi AT. 2020. Rice phyllosphere bacteria producing antifungal compounds as biological control agents of blast disease. Biodiversitas 21: 1273-1278. In vitro analysis of rice phyllosphere bacteria can be developed as biocontrol agents of blast disease using their antifungal activity. To prove the efficacy of bacterial isolates in reducing the severity of blast disease, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. Furthermore, antifungal compounds produced by potential bacterial isolate were also identified using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/ Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The application of seven rice phyllosphere bacterial isolates significantly reduced the severity of blast disease in rice (var: Ciherang). Surprisingly, the isolate STGG 14 is the most effective with 70.83% of blast disease reduction. Isolate STGG 14 has been identified as Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis which is known as various bioactive compounds producer. It was confirmed through identification of antifungal compounds produced by isolate STGG 14. The bioautography test shows that crude bioactive compounds from isolate STGG 14 could inhibit P. oryzae race 173. On the further analysis using LC-MS/MS, four bioactive compounds isolated from isolate STGG 14 were identified as moracin C, psoralen, 4,6-dimethyl-3 (4’-hydroxyphenyl) coumarin and xanthotoxin. All identified compounds except moracin C, belong to the coumarin group. According to the previous studies, among all compounds, psoralen and xanthotoxin displayed antifungal activity against several fungal pathogens.
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References
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Yang L, Li S, Qin X, Jiang G, Chen J, Li B, Yao X, Liang P, Zhang Y, Ding W. 2017. Exposure to umbelliferone reduces Ralstonia solanacearum biofilm formation, transcription of type III secretion system regulators and effectors and virulence on tobacco. Fronti Microbiol 8:1234.
Yao X, Wu D, Dong N, Ouyang P, Pu J, Hu Q, Wang J, Lu W, Huang J. 2016. Moracin C, a phenolic compound isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus, supresses lipopolysaccharide-activated inflammatory responses in murine raw 264.7 macropahages. Int J Mol Sci 17:1-15.
Yu X, Wen Y, Liang CG, Liu J, Ding YB, Zhang WH. 2017. Design, synthesis and antifungal activity of psoralen derivatives. Molecules 22:1-11
Zhang S, Wang Y, Meng L, Li J, Zhao X, Cao X, Chen X, Wang A, Li J. 2012. Isolation and characterization of antifungal lipopeptides produced by endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TF28. Afr J Microbiol Res 6:1747-1755
Zhao GQ, Xinlan M, Xu Y. 2016. Isolation and identification of antifungal compounds produced by Bacillus Y-IVI for suppressing fusarium wilt of muskmelon. Plant Protect Sci 52(3):167-175.
Asif M. 2015. Pharmacology potentials of different substituted coumarin derivatives. Chemistry International 1:1-11.
Aslam K, Khosa MK, Jahan N, Nosheen S. 2010. Synthesis and applications of coumarin. Pak J Pharm Sci 23:449–454.
Chaudhary D, Kumar R, Sihag K, Rashmu, Kumari A. 2017. Phyllospheric microflora and its impact on plant growth: a review. Agric Rev 38:51-59.
Costa TM, Tavares LBB, de Oliveira D. 2016. Fungi as a source of natural coumarins production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 100:6571-6584.
Dean R, Van Kan JAL, Pretorius ZA, Hammond-Kosack KE, Di Pietro A, Spanu PD, Rudd JJ, Dickman M, Kahmann R, Ellis J, Foster GD. 2012. The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Mol Plant Pathol 13:414-430.
Dimki? I, Stankovi? S, Ni?avi? M, Petkovi? M, Ristivojevi? P, Fira D, Beri? T. 2017. The profile and antimicrobial activity of Bacillus lipopeptides extracts of five potential biocontrol strains. Front Microbiol 8:1-12.
Gond SK, Bergen MS, Torres MS, Jr White JF. 2015. Endophytic Bacillus spp.: produce antifungal lipopeptides and induce host defence gene expression in maize. Microbiol Res 172:79-87.
Harsonowati W, Astuti RI, Wahyudi AT. 2017. Leaf blast disease reduction by rice-phyllosphere actinomycetes producing bioactive compounds. J Gen Plant Pathol 83:98-108.
Hanene R, Abdeljabbar H, Marc R, Abdellatif B, Ferid L, Najla S. 2012. Biological control of Fusarium foot rot of wheat using fengycin-producing Bacillus subtilis isolated from salty soil. Afr J Biotechnol 11(34): 8464-8475.
Islam MR, Jeong YT, Lee YS, Song CH. 2012. Isolation and identification of antifungal compounds from Bacillus subtilis C9 inhibiting the growth of plant pathogenic fungi. Mycobiology 40:59-66.
Junaid MJ, Dar NA, Bhat TA, Bhat AH, Bhat MA. 2013. Commercial biocontrol agents and their mechanism of action in the management of plant pathogens. Int J Modern Plant Animal Sci 1: 39-57.
Liao JH, Chen PY, Yang YL, Kan SC, Hsieh FC, Liu YC. 2016. Clarification of the antagonistic effect of the lipopeptides produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BPD1 againts Pyricularia oryzae via in situ MALDI-TOF IMS analysis. Molecules 21(1670): 1-11.
Luo C, Zhou H, Zou J, Wang X, Zhang R, Xiang Y, Chen Z. 2015. Bacillomycin L and surfactin contribute synergistically to the phenotypic features of Bacillus subtilis 916 and the biocontrol of rice sheath blight induced by Rhizoctonia solani. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99(4): 1897-1910.
Ribot C, Hirsch J, Balzergue S, Tharreau D, Notteghem JL, Lebrun MH, Morel JB. 2008. Susceptibility of rice to the blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea. J Plant Physiol 165:114-124.
Semangun H. 2006. Pengantar Ilmu Penyakit Tumbuhan. Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Gajah Mada University Press.
Sha Y, Wang Q, Li Y. 2016. Suppression of Magnaporthe oryzae and interaction between Bacillus subtilis and rice plants in the control of rice blast. SpringerPlus 5:1-13.
Suriani NL, Suprapta DN, Sudana IM, Temaja IGRM. 2015. Antifungal activity of Piper caninum againts Pyricularia oryzae Cav. the cause of rice balst disease on rice. J Biol Agric Health 5(8): 72-78.
Tamehiro N, Okamoto-Hosoya Y, Okomoto S, Ubukata M, Hamada M, Nagawana H, Ochi K. 2002. Bacilysocin, a novel phospholipd antibiotics produced by Bacillus subtilis 168. Antimicrob Agents Ch 46:315-320.
Tserkovniak LS, Roi AO, Kurdysh IK. 2009. Synthesis of amino acids of Bacillus subtilis IMV V-7023 in the medium with glycerophosphates. Microbiol Zhurnal 71:18-23.
Wiraswati SM, Rusmana I, Nawangsih AA, Wahyudi AT. 2019. Antifungal activities of bacteria producing bioactive compounds isolated from rice phyllosphere againts Pyricularia oryzae. J Plant Protect Res 59:86-94.
Yang X, Ma X, Yang L, Yu D, Ni H. 2007. A novel bioassay method: determining bioactivity of compounds againts rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea) with barley plants. J Plant Dis Protect 114:228-231.
Yang L, Li S, Qin X, Jiang G, Chen J, Li B, Yao X, Liang P, Zhang Y, Ding W. 2017. Exposure to umbelliferone reduces Ralstonia solanacearum biofilm formation, transcription of type III secretion system regulators and effectors and virulence on tobacco. Fronti Microbiol 8:1234.
Yao X, Wu D, Dong N, Ouyang P, Pu J, Hu Q, Wang J, Lu W, Huang J. 2016. Moracin C, a phenolic compound isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus, supresses lipopolysaccharide-activated inflammatory responses in murine raw 264.7 macropahages. Int J Mol Sci 17:1-15.
Yu X, Wen Y, Liang CG, Liu J, Ding YB, Zhang WH. 2017. Design, synthesis and antifungal activity of psoralen derivatives. Molecules 22:1-11
Zhang S, Wang Y, Meng L, Li J, Zhao X, Cao X, Chen X, Wang A, Li J. 2012. Isolation and characterization of antifungal lipopeptides produced by endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TF28. Afr J Microbiol Res 6:1747-1755
Zhao GQ, Xinlan M, Xu Y. 2016. Isolation and identification of antifungal compounds produced by Bacillus Y-IVI for suppressing fusarium wilt of muskmelon. Plant Protect Sci 52(3):167-175.
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