Investigation of biochemical characters and antioxidant properties of different winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) genotypes grown in Indonesia
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Abstract. Calvindi J, Syukur M, Nurcholis W. 2020. Investigation of biochemical characters and antioxidant properties of different winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) genotypes grown in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2420-2424. Winged bean, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L) DC, is described as having antioxidant properties. This work evaluated the biochemical and antioxidant characteristics of the P. tetragonolobus genotypes. Twelve-winged bean genotypes were calculated for total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of biochemical characters and antioxidant properties by using four methods: 2,2-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). The plant material was grown in the same location conditions in Indonesia. The total phenolic content varied from 154.6 to 161.5 mg GAE/ 100 g, and flavonoid ranged from 105.2 to 112.4 mg QE/ 100 g fresh weight. The antioxidant capacities were 30.6 - 47.0, 140.4 - 167.6, 66.9 - 170.8, and 28.0 - 52.4 µmol TE/ 100 g fresh weight as calculated by the DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays, respectively. The antioxidant activities were significantly correlated with the polyphenol content of winged bean genotypes fruits. The genotypes TU, L3, H3U, H1P, and TH were recognized higher based on their TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities, indicating that these genotypes to be promising for further breeding program and commercial purposes.
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References
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Ferreira EB, Cavalcanti PP, Nogueira DA. 2014. ExpDes: an R package for ANOVA and experimental designs. Appl Math. 5(19):2952–2958. doi:10.4236/am.2014.519280.
Gan R-Y, Deng Z-Q, Yan A-X, Shah NP, Lui W-Y, Chan C-L, Corke H. 2016. Pigmented edible bean coats as natural sources of polyphenols with antioxidant and antibacterial effects. LWT. 73:168–177. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2016.06.012.
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Mercado-Mercado G, de la Rosa LA, Alvarez-Parrilla E. 2020. Effect of pectin on the interactions among phenolic compounds determined by antioxidant capacity. J Mol Struct. 1199:126967. doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.126967.
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Nurcholis W, Khumaida N, Syukur M, Bintang M. 2016. Variability of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity Among 20 Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. Accessions of Indonesia. Asian J Biochem. 11(3):142–148. doi:10.3923/ajb.2016.142.148.
Olaiya CO, Soetan KO, Karigidi KO. 2018. Evaluation of In Vitro Antioxidant Capacities of Six Accessions of Winged Beans (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus). EC Nutr. 13(8):589–595.
Peterson BG, Carl P, Boudt K, Bennett R, Ulrich J, Zivot E. 2014. PerformanceAnalytics: Econometric tools for performance and risk analysis. R Packag version. 1(3541):107.
Singh M, Dubey RK, Koley TK, Maurya A, Singh PM, Singh B. 2019. Valorization of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L) DC) by evaluation of its antioxidant activity through chemometric analysis. South African J Bot. 121:114–120. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2018.10.026.
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Suktham T, Jones A, Soliven A, Dennis GR, Shalliker RA. 2019. A comparison of the performance of the cupric reducing antioxidant potential assay and the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay for the analysis of antioxidants using reaction flow chromatography. Microchem J. 149:104046. doi:10.1016/j.microc.2019.104046.
Tanleque-Alberto F, Juan-Borrás M, Escriche I. 2020. Antioxidant characteristics of honey from Mozambique based on specific flavonoids and phenolic acid compounds. J Food Compos Anal. 86:103377. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103377.
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Wan Mohtar WAA-QI, Hamid AA, Abd-Aziz S, Muhamad SKS, Saari N. 2014. Preparation of bioactive peptides with high angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity from winged bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.] seed. J Food Sci Technol. 51(12):3658–3668. doi:10.1007/s13197-012-0919-1.
Wang Y, Zhao C, Li J, Liang Y, Yang R, Liu J, Ma Z, Wu L. 2018. Evaluation of biochemical components and antioxidant capacity of different kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) genotypes grown in China. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 32(3):558–565. doi:10.1080/13102818.2018.1443400.
Zakuan Z, Mustapa SA, Sukor R, Rukayadi Y. 2018. Antifungal activity of Boesenbergia rotunda (temukunci) extract against filamentous spoilage fungi from vegetables. Int Food Res J. 25(1):433–438.
ZHANG H, YANG Y, ZHOU Z. 2018. Phenolic and flavonoid contents of mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruit tissues and their antioxidant capacity as evaluated by DPPH and ABTS methods. J Integr Agric. 17(1):256–263. doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61664-2.
Amoo I, Adebayo O, Oyeleye A. 2011. Chemical evaluation of winged beans (Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus), Pitanga cherries (Eugenia uniflora) and orchid fruit (Orchid fruit myristica). African J Food, Agric Dev. 6:1–12.
Chang C-C, Yang M-H, Wen H-M. 2002. Estimation of Total Flavonoid Content in Propolis by Two Complementary Colorimetric Methods. J Food Drug Anal. 10:178–182. doi:N/A.
Chay SY, Salleh A, Sulaiman NF, Zainal Abidin N, Hanafi MA, Zarei M, Saari N. 2018. Blood-pressure lowering efficacy of winged bean seed hydrolysate in spontaneously hypertensive rats, peptide characterization and a toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Funct. 9(3):1657–1671. doi:10.1039/c7fo01769c.
Devi J, Sanwal SK, Koley TK, Mishra GP, Karmakar P, Singh PM, Singh B. 2019. Variations in the total phenolics and antioxidant activities among garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes differing for maturity duration, seed and flower traits and their association with the yield. Sci Hortic (Amsterdam). 244:141–150. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2018.09.048.
Djordjevic TM, Šiler-Marinkovic SS, Dimitrijevic-Brankovic SI. 2011. Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content in Some Cereals and Legumes. Int J Food Prop. 14(1):175–184. doi:10.1080/10942910903160364.
Ferreira EB, Cavalcanti PP, Nogueira DA. 2014. ExpDes: an R package for ANOVA and experimental designs. Appl Math. 5(19):2952–2958. doi:10.4236/am.2014.519280.
Gan R-Y, Deng Z-Q, Yan A-X, Shah NP, Lui W-Y, Chan C-L, Corke H. 2016. Pigmented edible bean coats as natural sources of polyphenols with antioxidant and antibacterial effects. LWT. 73:168–177. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2016.06.012.
Ishihara J, Umesawa M, Okada C, Kokubo Y, Iso H. 2018. Relationship Between Vegetables and Fruits (Antioxidant Vitamins, Minerals, and Fiber) Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. In: Vasan RS, Sawyer DBBT-E of CR and M, editors. Oxford: Elsevier. p. 249–283.
Kalisz S, Oszmia?ski J, Kolniak-Ostek J, Grobelna A, Kieliszek M, Cendrowski A. 2020. Effect of a variety of polyphenols compounds and antioxidant properties of rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum). LWT. 118:108775. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108775.
Kaur AP, Sohal SK. 2019. Purified winged bean protease inhibitor affects the growth of Bactrocera cucurbitae. Bull Entomol Res. 109(4):550–558. doi:10.1017/S0007485318000913. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071660478&doi=10.1017%2FS0007485318000913&partnerID=40&md5=544ec64619e96f537e6c85c2087c0a6d.
Khumaida N, Syukur M, Bintang M, Nurcholis W. 2019. Phenolic and flavonoid content in ethanol extract and agro-morphological diversity of Curcuma aeruginosa accessions growing in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas J Biol Divers. 20(3):656–663.
Koley TK, Maurya A, Tripathi A, Singh BK, Singh M, Bhutia TL, Tripathi PC, Singh B. 2019. Antioxidant potential of commonly consumed underutilized leguminous vegetables. Int J Veg Sci. 25(4):362–372. doi:10.1080/19315260.2018.1519866.
Li S, Chen G, Zhang C, Wu M, Wu S, Liu Q. 2014. Research progress of natural antioxidants in foods for the treatment of diseases. Food Sci Hum Wellness. 3(3):110–116. doi:10.1016/j.fshw.2014.11.002.
Lim YP, Pang SF, Yusoff MM, Abdul Mudalip SK, Gimbun J. 2019. Correlation between the extraction yield of mangiferin to the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid content of Phaleria macrocarpa fruits. J Appl Res Med Aromat Plants. 14:100224. doi:10.1016/j.jarmap.2019.100224.
Liu Z, Ren Z, Zhang J, Chuang C-C, Kandaswamy E, Zhou T, Zuo L. 2018. Role of ROS and nutritional antioxidants in human diseases. Front Physiol. 9:477.
Ma G, Chen Y. 2020. Polyphenol supplementation benefits human health via gut microbiota: A systematic review via meta-analysis. J Funct Foods. 66:103829. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2020.103829.
Mare?ek V, Mikyška A, Hampel D, ?ejka P, Neuwirthová J, Malachová A, Cerkal R. 2017. ABTS and DPPH methods as a tool for studying antioxidant capacity of spring barley and malt. J Cereal Sci. 73:40–45. doi:10.1016/j.jcs.2016.11.004.
Mercado-Mercado G, de la Rosa LA, Alvarez-Parrilla E. 2020. Effect of pectin on the interactions among phenolic compounds determined by antioxidant capacity. J Mol Struct. 1199:126967. doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.126967.
Mohanty CS, Singh V, Chapman MA. 2020. Winged bean: An underutilized tropical legume on the path of improvement, to help mitigate food and nutrition security. Sci Hortic (Amsterdam). 260:108789. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108789.
Ng NQ. 2013. Conserving tropical leguminous food crops. In: Conservation of Tropical Plant Species. Springer. p. 213–247.
Nurcholis W, Khumaida N, Syukur M, Bintang M. 2016. Variability of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity Among 20 Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. Accessions of Indonesia. Asian J Biochem. 11(3):142–148. doi:10.3923/ajb.2016.142.148.
Olaiya CO, Soetan KO, Karigidi KO. 2018. Evaluation of In Vitro Antioxidant Capacities of Six Accessions of Winged Beans (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus). EC Nutr. 13(8):589–595.
Peterson BG, Carl P, Boudt K, Bennett R, Ulrich J, Zivot E. 2014. PerformanceAnalytics: Econometric tools for performance and risk analysis. R Packag version. 1(3541):107.
Singh M, Dubey RK, Koley TK, Maurya A, Singh PM, Singh B. 2019. Valorization of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L) DC) by evaluation of its antioxidant activity through chemometric analysis. South African J Bot. 121:114–120. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2018.10.026.
Singh V, Goel R, Pande V, Asif MH, Mohanty CS. 2017. De novo sequencing and comparative analysis of leaf transcriptomes of diverse condensed tannin-containing lines of underutilized Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. Sci Rep. 7:44733. doi:10.1038/srep44733.
Suktham T, Jones A, Soliven A, Dennis GR, Shalliker RA. 2019. A comparison of the performance of the cupric reducing antioxidant potential assay and the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay for the analysis of antioxidants using reaction flow chromatography. Microchem J. 149:104046. doi:10.1016/j.microc.2019.104046.
Tanleque-Alberto F, Juan-Borrás M, Escriche I. 2020. Antioxidant characteristics of honey from Mozambique based on specific flavonoids and phenolic acid compounds. J Food Compos Anal. 86:103377. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103377.
Vauzour D, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Corona G, Oruna-Concha MJ, Spencer JPE. 2010. Polyphenols and human health: prevention of disease and mechanisms of action. Nutrients. 2(11):1106–1131. doi:10.3390/nu2111106.
Wan Mohtar WAA-QI, Hamid AA, Abd-Aziz S, Muhamad SKS, Saari N. 2014. Preparation of bioactive peptides with high angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity from winged bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.] seed. J Food Sci Technol. 51(12):3658–3668. doi:10.1007/s13197-012-0919-1.
Wang Y, Zhao C, Li J, Liang Y, Yang R, Liu J, Ma Z, Wu L. 2018. Evaluation of biochemical components and antioxidant capacity of different kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) genotypes grown in China. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 32(3):558–565. doi:10.1080/13102818.2018.1443400.
Zakuan Z, Mustapa SA, Sukor R, Rukayadi Y. 2018. Antifungal activity of Boesenbergia rotunda (temukunci) extract against filamentous spoilage fungi from vegetables. Int Food Res J. 25(1):433–438.
ZHANG H, YANG Y, ZHOU Z. 2018. Phenolic and flavonoid contents of mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruit tissues and their antioxidant capacity as evaluated by DPPH and ABTS methods. J Integr Agric. 17(1):256–263. doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61664-2.
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