Isolation and identification of cellulolytic bacteria at fibric, hemic and sapric peat in Teluk Bakung Peatland, Kubu Raya District, Indonesia
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Abstract. Khotimah S, Suharjono, Ardyati T, Nurani Y. 2020. Isolation and identification of cellulolytic bacteria at fibric, hemic, and sapric peat in Teluk Bakung Peatland, Kubu Raya District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2103-2112. Cellulose degrading bacteria was one of the microbial removers of organic matter contained in the soil into simpler monomers so that it can be utilized by other organisms. The objective of the research was to obtain cellulose-degrading bacteria found on fibric, hemic, and sapric peat in forest and shrubs (oil palm). The bacteria were isolated by pour plate method on 1% CMC media. Selected isolates were assayed quantitatively based on the activity of cellulase enzyme, identified with 16S rDNA. The density of cellulolytic bacteria in the secondary forest peat of fibric, hemic, sapric were 2.1x103 cfu/g, 5.9x104 cfu/g, and 4.9x104 cfu/g whereas, in the area of shrubs/oil palm peat fibric, hemic and sapric 6.9x104 cfu/g, 8.4x104 cfu/g and 3.4x105 cfu/g respectively. There were 19 bacterial isolates that have clear zones around the colony as degradation of cellulose had highest ability to degrade cellulose with clear zones of 5-7 mm. The strain of SB1.1.1 showed highest activity of cellulase enzyme 11.17 U/mL, followed by HH3.1.1 strain and SB2.3 7.83 U/mL. Based on the phylogeny tree, strain SB1.1.1 and HH3.1.1 have the closest kinship relationship with Bacillus cereus with a kinship relationship of 100%, while SB2.3 has the closest kinship relationship with Bacillus stratosphericus with a relationship of 99.85 %.
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References
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Osono T, Ishii Y, Takeda H, Seramethakun T, Khamyong S, To-Anun C et al. 2009. Fungal succession and lignin decomposition on Shoreaobutsa leaves in a tropical seasonal forest in northern Thailand. Fungal Divers 36: 101–119.
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Sumawinata B., Djajakirana, G and Handayani, l. 2015.Assessment of physical, chemical and biological properties of peat soils. Toolbox Tema B subtema B1. www. Cifor. org/ipn.toolbox.
Top, E., and Wilson, D. 2011. Microbial diversity of cellulose hydrolysis. Current Opinion in Microbiology 14: 1-5
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Alshelmani, M.I, Loh, T.L, Foo,H.L, Lau, W.H, Sazili, A.Q. 2013 Characterization of Cellulolytic Bacterial Cultures Grown in Different Substrates. The Scientific World Journal.Article ID689235. Page 6 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/689235
Baldani, J.I., Reias, V.M., Videira,. S.S., Boddey, L.H., &Baldani, V.L.D. 2014. The Art of isolating nitrogen-fixing bacteria from non –leguminous plant using N-free semi-solid media: a practical guide for microbiologist. Plant Soil 384: 413-431
Behera, B.C., Parida, S., Dutta, S.K., &Thatoi, H.N. 2014. Isolation and Identification of Cellulose Degrading Bacteria from Mangrove Soil of Mahanadi River Delta and their Cellulase Production Ability. Am. J. Microbiol. Res. 2(1): 41-46
Blume, E., Bischo?, M., Reichert, J.M, Moorman, T., Konopka, A., Turco, R.F. 2002. Surface and subsurface microbial biomass, community structure and metabolic activity as a function of soil depth and season. Appl Soil Ecol 592:1–11
Central Statistic Agency Kubu Raya. 2016. Kubu Raya in numbers
Chen, Y.L., C.C. Lee, Y.L., Lin, K.M. Yin, C.L. Ho &T.Liu. 2015. Obtaining long 16S rDNA sequences using multiple primers and its application on dioxin-containing samples. BMC Bioinformatics. 16(18):813
Doolotkeldieva, T.D., and Bobusheva. S.T. 2011. Screening of Wild-Type Fungal Isolates for cellulolytic Activity. Microbiology Insights 4: 1–10. doi: 10.4137/MBI.S6418
Elliott, D.R, Caporn, S.J.M, Nwaishi, F, Nilsson, R.H,Sen, R. 2015. Bacterial and Fungal Communities in a Degraded Ombrotrophic Peatland Undergoing Natural and Managed Re-Vegetation. PLoSONE 10 (5): e0124726.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124726
Fierer N, Schimel JP, Holden PA .2003. Variations in microbial community composition through two soil depth pro?les. Soil BiolBiochem 35:167–176
Fritze, H., Pietikainen, J., Pennanen, T. 2000. Distribution of microbial biomass and phospholipid fatty acids in Podzol pro?les under coniferous forest. Eur J Soil Sci 51:565–573
Harris PV, Welner D, McFarland KC, Re E, Navarro Poulsen JC, Brown K, Salbo R, Ding H, Vlasenko E, Merino S. 2010. Stimulation of lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis by proteins of glycoside hydrolase family 61: structure and function of a large, enigmatic family. Biochemistry 2010, 49:3305-3316. This paper provides the first evidence that a family GH-61 protein can stimulate cellulose hydrolysis by a cellulase mixture
Hoyos-Santillan J, Lomax B, Large D, Turner B, Boom A, Lopez O .2015. Getting to the root of the problem: litter decomposition and peat formation in lowland Neotropical peatlands. Biogeochemistry 126:115–129
Kalisz, B., Lachacz, A., Glazeweski, R., 2010. Transformation of some organic matter components in organic soils exposed to drainage. Turk.J. Agric.For34: 245-256
Kononen, M, Jauhiainen, J, Laiho, R, Spetz, P, Kusin, K., Limin, S., Vasander, H. 2016. Land use increases the recalcitrance of tropical peat. Wetlands. Ecol Manage 24:717–731 DOI 10.1007/s11273-016-9498-7.
Kunitake, E., and Kobayashi, T. Conservation and diversity of the regulators of cellulolytic enzyme genes in Ascomycete fungi. Curr Genet (2017) 63:951–958 DOI 10.1007/s00294-017-0695-6
Laiho, R. 2006. Decompositionin peatlands reconcilingseemingly contrasting results on the impacts of lowered water levels. Soil BiolBiochem 38:2011–2024. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio. 2006.02.017.
Li, L.L, McCorkle, S.R, Monchy, S., Taghavi, S., van der Lelie, D. 2009. Bioprospecting metagenomes: glycosyl hydrolases for converting biomass. Biotechnol Biofuels, 18:2-10.
Linkosalmi, M., Pumpanen, J, Biasi, C, Heinonsalo, J, Laiho, R, Lindén, A, Palonen, V, Laurila, T, Lohila, A.2015. Studying the impact of living roots on the decomposition of soil organic matter in two different forestry-drained peatlands. Plant Soil 396:59–72 DOI 10.1007/s11104-015-2584-4
Lohila A, Minkkinen, K,Aurela, M., Tuovinen J.P,Penttilä, T, Ojanen P, Laurila T. 2011. Greenhouse gas flux measurements in a forestry-drained peatland indicate a large carbon sink. Biogeosciences 8:3203–3218. Doi:10.5194/bg-8-3203-2011
Lynd L.R, Weimer P.J, van Zyl W.H, Pretorius I.S. 2002. Microbial cellulose utilization: fundamentals and biotechnology. MicrobiolMolBiol Rev, 66:506–577
Maftu’ah, E and DediNursyamsi, D. 2019. Effect of Biochar on Peat Soil Fertility and NPK Uptake by Corn. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science. 41(1): 64–73
Nurulita, Y., Adetutu, E. M., Kadali, K.K., Shahsavari, E., Zul, D., Taha, M., & Ball, A. S. 2016. Assessment of the influence of oil palm and rubber plantations in tropical peat swamp soils using microbial diversity and activity analysis. J. Agric. Chem. Environ. (5): 53-65
Ojanen, P., Minkkinen, K., Penttilä, T. 2013. Thecurrentgreenhouse gas impact of forestry-drained boreal peatland.ForEcolManag289:201–208.doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.10.008.
Osono T, Ishii Y, Takeda H, Seramethakun T, Khamyong S, To-Anun C et al. 2009. Fungal succession and lignin decomposition on Shoreaobutsa leaves in a tropical seasonal forest in northern Thailand. Fungal Divers 36: 101–119.
Page, A.S, Jauhiainen J, Lee W, Lu X, Idris A, Anshari G . 2012. Subsidence and carbon loss in drained tropical peatlands. Biogeosciences 9:1053–1071
Ritung, S., Wahyunto, &Nugroho, K. 2012. Characteristics and distribution of peatlands in Sumatra, Kalimantan and Papua.Paper presented in Effect of Biochar on Peat Soil:73
Senga, Y, Mikiya, H., Nohara, S.TS. 2015. Variation in microbial function through soil depth pro?les in the Kushiro Wetland, northeastern Hokkaido, Japan. Ecol Res (2015) 30: 563–572 DOI 10.1007/s11284-015-1257-3
Soares, F.L. Jr., Melo, IS, Dias, A.C.F, Andreote, F.D. 2012. Cellulolytic bacteria from soils in harsh environments. World J MicrobiolBiotechnol28:2195–2203 DOI 10.1007/s11274-012-1025-2
Sumawinata B., Djajakirana, G and Handayani, l. 2015.Assessment of physical, chemical and biological properties of peat soils. Toolbox Tema B subtema B1. www. Cifor. org/ipn.toolbox.
Top, E., and Wilson, D. 2011. Microbial diversity of cellulose hydrolysis. Current Opinion in Microbiology 14: 1-5
Wahyunto, Supriatna, W., &Agus, F., 2010. Land use change and recommendation for sustainable development of peatland for agriculture: case study at Kuburaya and Pontianak Districts, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Indones. J.Agric. Sci.11(1): 32-40
Wahyunto, 2015. Peatlands in Indonesia. Term/definition, classification, extent, distribution, updating of spatial data on peatlands. IPN Toolbox.Tema A subtema A1.www.cifor.org/Ipn.toolbox.
Yun, L.J., H.H. Lin., & Z.R., Xiao, 2010. Purification and Characterization of A cellulose from Bacillus subtilis YJI. Journal of Marine Science and Technology. 18(3) : 466-471
Zhang, Z, Liu, J, Lan, J, Duan, C, Ma, Q and Feng, J.2014. Predominance of Trichoderma and Penicillium in cellulolytic aerobic filamentous fungi from subtropical and tropical forests in China, and their use in finding highly efficient ?-glucosidase. Biotechnology for Biofuels 7:107 http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/107
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